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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 3131-3140.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.31017

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles    

Effects of green manure incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer reduction on wheat yield and nitrogen utilization in oasis irrigated area

CHAI Jian(), YU Ai-Zhong(), LI Yue, WANG Yu-Long, WANG Feng, WANG Peng-Fei, LYU Han-Qiang, YANG Xue-Hui, SHANG Yong-Pan   

  1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-02-28 Accepted:2023-05-24 Online:2023-11-12 Published:2023-06-09
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1900200);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-22-G-12);Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(20JR5RA037);Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Program of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-04J01)

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Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of yield increase constrained and low fertilizer efficiency, the effect of green manure incorporation and nitrogen application on wheat yield and nitrogen utilization were investigated and the field experiment was conducted in Hexi oasis irrigated area in 2021 and 2022. Compared with the control of traditional nitrogen application mode (G0N1), setting the following treatments include green manure incorporation at 7500 kg hm-2 (G1), 15,000 kg hm-2 (G2), 22,500 kg hm-2 (G3), and 30,000 kg hm-2 (G4), and nitrogen fertilizer reduction at 153 kg hm-2 (N2), and 126 kg hm-2 (N3), their combined application with each other as G1N2, G2N2, G3N2, G4N2, G1N3, G2N3, G3N3, G4N3, and the combined effects on nitrogen absorption and accumulation and grain yield of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that green manure incorporation at 30,000 kg hm-2 combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduction by 15% (G4N2) can effectively improve crop yield and promote nitrogen use efficiency at the same time. Compared with G0N1, the grain yield and N utilization efficiency (NUTE) of G4N2 were significantly increased by 8.2% and 45.4%, respectively. Compared with G2N2, G4N3, and G3N3, G4N2 increased grain yield and NUTE by 26.1%, 19.1%, 15.5% and 28.9%, 8.4%, and 24.3%, respectively. Compared with G0N1, G4N2 significantly increased harvest index, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (PFPN), and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) by 36.8%, 43.8%, and 33.9%, respectively, and compared with G3N2, G2N2, G4N3, and G3N3 by 15.0%-26.3%, 9.6%-29.2%, and 5.6%-11.2%, respectively. At anthesis and maturity stages, the AGN and NNI of G4N2 were significantly increased by 22.5% and 13.9%, 38.1% and 37.4%, compared with other treatments. Compared with G0N1, G4N2 significantly increased nitrogen translocation of stems and leaves by 35.8% and 20.4%, and significantly increased nitrogen translocation rate by 26.6% and 23.3%, and significantly increased the contribution of translocated nitrogen to grain by 29.1%, 25.7% in wheat. In conclusion, green manure incorporation at 30,000 kg hm-2 combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduction by 15% can effectively coordinate the aboveground nitrogen accumulation and translocation, significantly increased nitrogen harvest index and partial nitrogen fertilizer productivity, thus increasing wheat yield.

Key words: wheat, green manure, nitrogen fertilizer, yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency

Fig. 1

Precipitation and temperature during the whole growth period of crops in the experimental station from 2021 to 2022"

Table 1

Quantity of green manure incorporation and N application rate before wheat sowing"

处理代码
Treatment code		 化学氮肥减施比例
Nitrogen reduction rate (%)		 施氮量
Nitrogen application rate (kg hm-2)		 绿肥还田量(鲜重)
Green manure incorporation amount (kg hm-2)
G0N0 0 0 0
G0N1 0 180 0
G1N2 15 153 7500
G2N2 15 153 15,000
G3N2 15 153 22,500
G4N2 15 153 30,000
G1N3 30 126 7500
G2N3 30 126 15,000
G3N3 30 126 22,500
G4N3 30 126 30,000

Table 2

Soil moisture, total organic matter, and total nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer before green manure planting and wheat sowing"

处理
Treatment		 土壤水分
Soil moisture (%)		 土壤有机质含量
Total organic matter (g kg-1)		 土壤全氮含量
Total N (g kg-1)
绿肥播前
Before green
manure planting		 小麦播前
Before wheat
sowing		 绿肥播前
Before green
manure planting		 小麦播前
Before wheat
sowing		 绿肥播前
Before green
manure planting		 小麦播前
Before wheat
sowing
G0N0 10.6 d 11.1 d 11.12 d 11.14 d 0.68 c 0.60 e
G0N1 11.8 c 12.4 c 11.74 c 11.88 c 0.81 b 0.81 d
G1N2 11.9 c 12.4 c 11.94 c 12.01 c 0.82 ab 0.84 c
G2N2 12.4 b 14.8 b 12.01 b 12.12 bc 0.82 a 0.84 bc
G3N2 12.6 b 15.2 ab 12.07 bc 12.11 b 0.84 a 0.85 b
G4N2 13.2 a 15.8 a 12.22 a 12.28 a 0.85 a 0.86 a
G1N3 11.4 cd 11.6 d 11.88 c 11.93 c 0.81 ab 0.83 c
G2N3 11.9 c 12.3 cd 12.02 b 12.10 bc 0.81 ab 0.83 c
G3N3 12.1 b 13.1 bc 12.08 ab 12.11 b 0.82 ab 0.84 bc
G4N3 12.8 b 13.6 b 12.09 ab 12.16 ab 0.83 a 0.85 b

Fig. 2

Aboveground nitrogen accumulation of wheat under green manure incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer reduction Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05."

Fig. 3

Nitrogen nutrition index of wheat under green manure incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer reduction Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05."

Table 3

Nitrogen translocation of stems and leaves and the contribution of translocated nitrogen to grain in wheat under green manure incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer reduction"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮转运量
Translocation of N
(kg hm-2)		 氮转运率
Translocation rate of nitrogen (%)		 转运氮对籽粒氮素的贡献率
Contribution of translocated nitrogen to grain N
(%)
叶片Leaf 茎Stem 叶片Leaf 茎Stem 叶片Leaf 茎Stem
2021 G0N0 36.1 f 28.9 f 54.2 f 51.6 f 23.1 g 17.0 g
G0N1 42.2 e 49.8 e 57.7 e 54.4 e 26.6 f 22.9 f
G1N2 47.3 e 53.0 d 62.3 d 58.1 cd 28.6 e 23.5 ef
G2N2 57.4 cd 58.9 b 63.9 d 64.3 b 29.2 e 25.3 de
G3N2 64.9 b 57.5 bc 69.7 bc 65.6 b 33.9 bc 27.5 c
G4N2 71.1 a 61.2 a 74.1 a 72.2 a 36.5 a 32.4 a
G1N3 43.9 e 51.3 de 58.1 e 57.2 d 25.3 f 24.4 def
G2N3 55.1 d 56.2 c 64.3 d 58.9 cd 32.4 cd 25.1 de
G3N3 60.4 bc 57.3 bc 67.9 c 60.8 c 31.6 d 25.9 cd
G4N3 64.1 b 58.2 b 70.5 b 66.6 b 34.3 b 29.4 b
2022 G0N0 35.0 g 35.0 f 56.1 g 52.1 g 22.6 g 18.2 g
G0N1 47.5 f 50.4 e 58.3 f 55.2 f 25.3 f 22.5 f
G1N2 59.5 de 54.2 d 62.0 e 57.5 e 29.5 e 24.1 e
G2N2 60.8 d 57.9 bc 65.5 cd 63.6 c 31.9 cd 25.5 de
G3N2 64.8 bc 60.0 b 68.7 b 66.3 b 34.4 b 27.2 cd
G4N2 68.9 a 64.8 a 74.0 a 70.4 a 36.4 a 32.1 a
G1N3 57.9 e 52.4 de 58.0 f 57.0 e 26.3 f 24.1 e
G2N3 59.2 de 54.1 d 64.2 d 58.8 de 30.8 de 24.8 de
G3N3 63.5 c 57.1 c 66.6 c 60.1 d 33.0 bc 26.3 c
G4N3 65.6 b 59.2 bc 70.0 b 66.6 b 33.8 b 29.1 b

Fig. 4

Yield and harvest index of wheat under green manure incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer reduction Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments at P < 0.05."

Table 4

Nitrogen utilization of wheat under green manure incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilizer reduction"

处理
Treatment		 2021 2022
氮素利用效率
NUTE (kg kg-1)		 氮素收获指数
NHI		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg kg-1)		 氮素利用效率
NUTE (kg kg-1)		 氮素收获指数
NHI		 氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg kg-1)
G0N0 21.2 g 0.61 g - 21.1 f 0.56 g -
G0N1 25.2 f 0.67 f 33.3 e 25.0 e 0.62 f 33.3 f
G1N2 26.3 ef 0.73 de 42.0 d 26.1 de 0.68 def 39.4 e
G2N2 32.7 cd 0.79 bc 45.1 c 33.0 c 0.73 bcd 45.1 d
G3N2 39.7 b 0.84 b 53.6 b 40.0 b 0.79 b 52.3 c
G4N2 46.0 a 0.89 a 59.3 a 45.8 a 0.88 a 59.3 a
G1N3 26.4 ef 0.69 ef 34.8 e 26.3 de 0.64 ef 33.4 f
G2N3 29.5 de 0.74 cd 43.4 cd 29.5 d 0.69 cde 44.4 d
G3N3 34.8 c 0.79 bc 52.2 b 34.8 c 0.74 bc 51.6 c
G4N3 42.1 b 0.82 b 53.5 b 42.1 b 0.79 b 54.8 b
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