不同耐密性玉米品种根-冠协调及灌浆特性对增密的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63016

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigated the responses of root and leaf architecture, canopy light utilization, and grain-filling characteristics to increased planting density in maize cultivars with varying density tolerance. A two-factor field experiment was conducted during the 2023 and 2024 maize growing seasons using three maize cultivars differing in density tolerance: Xianyu 335 (XY335), Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), and MY73. Five planting density treatments were established: 60,000 (D1), 75,000 (D2), 90,000 (D3), 105,000 (D4), and 120,000 plants hm^-2 (D5). Traits related to root-leaf architecture, canopy light distribution, leaf photosynthetic parameters, leaf area, photosynthetically active radiation use efficiency, and grain filling were measured. The results showed that XY335, ZD958, and MY73 achieved high yields at D1-D2, D2-D3, and D3-D4, respectively, with their optimum density ranges centered around D1, D2, and D3. Across all density treatments in the two-year experiment, the density-tolerant cultivar MY73 had significantly greater root angle, root projected area, root number, root-shoot ratio, leaf orientation value, light transmittance in each canopy layer, and net photosynthetic rate under high density than ZD958 and XY335, whereas its leaf area and dry matter radiation use efficiency were significantly lower. At low densities, XY335 had significantly higher yield and grain radiation use efficiency than ZD958 and MY73, whereas under high-density conditions, MY73 significantly outperformed XY335 and ZD958. With increasing density, root biomass, root-shoot ratio, root architecture, leaf angle, light transmittance in each canopy layer, and leaf area at different leaf positions decreased significantly across cultivars, while leaf orientation value and dry matter radiation use efficiency increased significantly. Potential grain weight and the maximum grain-filling rate showed decreasing trends, whereas the time to reach the maximum grain-filling rate and the active grain-filling period increased. Cultivars with different density tolerance exhibited different magnitudes of trait variation in response to increased density. Among the three cultivars, the density-tolerant MY73 showed the smallest reductions in root projected area and root weight, with two-year mean reductions that were 3.9% and 16.1% lower than those of ZD958 and 4.4% and 0.6% lower than those of XY335, respectively. MY73 also showed a smaller reduction in leaf angle in the ear-leaf layer and a greater increase in leaf orientation value; the mean reduction in leaf angle was 3.0%-47.9% lower than that of ZD958, while the mean increase in leaf orientation value was 14.0%-357.5% greater. MY73 exhibited the smallest reduction in light transmittance in each canopy layer; its two-year mean reduction was 37.0% and 46.9% lower than that of ZD958 and XY335, respectively, at the midpoint between the canopy top and ear position, and 32.4% and 49.6% lower at the ear position. The leaf area in the upper canopy was the most sensitive to increased density across cultivars, and the two-year mean reduction in MY73 was 22.1% and 32.3% lower than that in ZD958 and XY335, respectively. In conclusion, the density-tolerant cultivar MY73 showed less deterioration in root traits, stronger regulation of leaf orientation, more favorable canopy light transmittance, higher leaf net photosynthetic rate under high density, and a smaller reduction in individual plant leaf area as density increased. It also maintained a shorter time to reach the maximum grain-filling rate, a longer active grain-filling period, and higher grain radiation use efficiency under high-density conditions. These characteristics may represent the population quality regulation mechanism underlying the high yield of MY73 under dense planting.

Key words: maize cultivar, density tolerance, planting density, root and leaf architecture, canopy light utilization, grain filling characteristics

Li Si-Yuan, Li Si-Jia, Zhang Sen-Yan, Qiao Po, Cui Xin-Fei, Yang Meng-Tao, Wang Yi-Bo, Zeng Bo, Liu Gui-Zhen, Li Hong-Ping, Liu Tian-Xue, Tang Ji-Hua. Responses of root-shoot coordination and grain-filling characteristics to increased planting density in maize cultivars with varying density tolerance[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(10): 3037-3053.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Variation in root architecture, biomass, and root-shoot ratio of maize cultivars differing in density tolerance under different planting density treatments"

年地组合 Year-site combination	品种 Cultivar	种植密度 Density	根开角 Root opening angle (°)	根系投影面积 Root projected area (cm²)	最大根系宽度 Maximal width (cm)	总结构投影长度Total projected structure length (cm)	根条数 Number of root	根干重 Root dry weight (g)	根冠比Root-shoot ratio (%)
2023- Xuchang	XY335	D1	114.5±1.0 aA	111.0±3.1 aA	15.1±0.2 aA	2022.8±71.4 aA	62.0±1.7 aB	20.3±0.1 aA	5.4±0.1 aB
		D2	96.5±1.9 bA	81.3±7.6 bB	14.0±0.6 bA	1682.8±62.3 bA	53.0±1.0 bB	15.0±0.8 bA	4.1±0.2 bB
		D3	84.2±1.9 cB	74.7±6.0 bB	11.8±0.6 cA	1417.4±71.0 cA	49.3±0.6 cB	10.4±0.4 cA	3.1±0.1 cB
		D4	66.1±1.3 dB	63.8±4.1 cB	10.6±0.5 dA	1181.4±9.6 dA	48.0±2.0 cA	8.8±0.4 dA	3.1±0.1 cB
		D5	56.5±1.9 eB	48.6±2.9 dB	9.5±0.5 eA	950.7±55.8 eA	44.3±0.6 dA	5.4±0.3 eB	2.1±0.0 dB
	ZD958	D1	70.0±2.5 aB	84.1±4.1 aC	11.3±0.3 aB	1699.9±69.2 aB	55.7±0.6 aC	15.9±0.3 aC	5.6±0.1 aB
		D2	68.9±0.9 aB	69.7±0.9 bC	10.9±0.4 aB	1375.1±32.2 bB	42.7±0.6 bC	10.5±0.4 bB	4.0±0.1 bB
		D3	64.4±1.0 bC	63.6±4.1 cC	9.4±0.7 bB	1138.2±27.7 cB	40.7±0.6 cC	7.4±0.2 cC	2.9±0.1 cC
		D4	60.4±2.3 cC	48.5±1.2 dC	8.7±0.2 bB	1009.1±49.0 dB	39.3±0.6 dB	6.4±0.5 dC	2.6±0.1 dC
		D5	54.8±2.5 dB	45.9±2.1 dB	7.8±0.5 cB	845.9±50.5 eB	36.7±0.6 eB	4.9±0.4 eB	2.1±0.2 eB
	MY73	D1	115.0±2.3 aA	104.9±0.9 aB	15.3±0.3 aA	2019.5±20.2 aA	66.0±1.7 aA	19.0±0.9 aB	7.2±0.3 aA
		D2	96.5±1.9 bA	94.7±1.4 bA	13.6±0.1 bA	1815.1±93.9 bA	56.7±2.5 bA	15.0±0.6 bA	6.2±0.1 bA
		D3	88.3±2.3 cA	87.7±2.4 cA	12.4±0.5 cA	1457.2±33.4 cA	53.0±0.0 cA	9.5±0.6 cB	4.1±0.1 cA
		D4	83.6±0.3 dA	72.3±1.7 dA	11.2±0.3 dA	1257.4±45.7 dA	49.7±0.6 dA	7.3±0.5 dB	3.7±0.0 dA
		D5	77.2±1.2 eA	63.6±1.6 eA	10.3±0.9 dA	1026.6±37.7 eA	45.3±3.1 eA	6.6±0.3 eA	3.3±0.1 eA
2024- Hebi	XY335	D1	104.8±3.3 aB	129.9±1.6 aB	15.8±0.6 aA	2218.8±95.6 aB	61.0±0.9 aB	22.3±1.4 aA	5.8±0.3 aB
		D2	100.4±2.7 bA	103.5±3.4 bB	14.2±0.8 bA	1829.6±35.3 bA	49.3±0.4 cB	15.0±0.9 bA	4.5±0.1 bB
		D3	90.4±1.4 cA	92.7±3.0 cA	13.5±0.6 bA	1598.5±77.0 cA	48.3±0.2 dB	11.4±0.2 cA	3.5±0.0 cB
		D4	78.9±1.7 dB	74.0±5.5 dB	12.0±0.7 cA	1233.2±104.3 dA	53.3±0.4 bA	9.9±1.5 dA	3.2±0.1 dB
		D5	67.0±1.9 eB	60.2±1.5 eB	10.8±0.8 dA	952.7±91.2 eA	53.3±0.6 bA	5.9±0.8 eB	4.3±0.1 bA
	ZD958	D1	70.0±1.8 aC	94.5±4.0 aC	10.3±0.7 aB	1793.1±88.8 aC	57.3±0.1 aC	16.3±0.2 aB	4.8±0.1 aC
		D2	63.7±1.0 bB	78.3±3.5 bC	8.8±0.1 bB	1454.6±20.4 bB	41.7±1.2 bC	10.5±3.4 bB	3.9±0.1 bC
		D3	54.3±1.5 cB	64.9±1.3 cC	8.8±0.7 bB	1199.2±61.0 cC	42.7±0.8 bC	7.7±0.1 bcC	3.1±0.1 cC
		D4	49.1±1.2 dC	54.6±1.7 dC	8.6±0.6 bB	1076.5±65.1 dB	39.3±1.2 cC	6.8±0.5 cB	2.8±0.1 dC
		D5	47.6±3.1 dC	51.1±1.3 dC	7.6±0.6 cB	769.1±9.1 eB	38.0±0.3 cB	4.8±1.0 dB	2.4±0.2 eB
	MY73	D1	110.8±0.3 aA	141.8±6.5 aA	16.5±0.3 aA	2466.3±126.1 aA	77.3±0.5 aA	21.0±1.4 aA	7.6±0.1 aA
		D2	99.5±1.5 bA	112.0±1.2 bA	14.5±0.1 bA	1857.3±70.7 bA	56.3±1.0 bA	15.1±0.6 bA	6.0±0.1 bA
		D3	88.4±2.1 cA	86.0±2.9 cB	12.6±0.9 cA	1475.4±37.8 cB	54.7±1.0 cA	8.7±0.1 cB	4.3±0.0 cA
		D4	91.3±1.9 cA	79.0±4.1 cdA	11.4±0.2 dA	1343.2±29.4 dA	44.3±0.5 dB	7.6±0.3 cdB	4.2±0.1 cA
		D5	73.2±1.9 dA	65.0±2.8 dA	11.0±0.4 dA	1043.0±8.1 eA	53.3±1.0 cA	7.1±0.1 dA	4.1±0.0 dA
变异来源 Source of variation	年地组合 Year-site combination (Y)		ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	密度Density (D)		***	**	***	***	***	***	**
	品种Cultivar (C)		**	**	*	**	**	**	**
	Y×D		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Y×C		ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
	D×C		*	ns	*	ns	***	***	**
	Y×D×C		***	***	ns	**	***	ns	***

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Variation in leaf angle and leaf orientation value of the ear leaf and the two leaves above it in maize cultivars differing in density tolerance under different planting density treatments"

年地组合 Year-site combination	品种 Cultivar	密度 Density	叶夹角 Leaf angle (°)			叶向值 Leaf orientation value
年地组合 Year-site combination	品种 Cultivar	密度 Density	穗位叶 Ear-leaf	穗上1叶 1st leaf upper ear	穗上2叶 2nd leaf upper ear	穗位叶 Ear leaf	穗上1叶 1st leaf upper ear	穗上2叶 2nd leaf upper ear
2023- Xuchang	XY335	D1	35.2±1.1 aB	28.6±0.6 aA	27.9±3.3 aA	40.1±0.9 eC	48.1±0.4 eC	56.2±0.3 bB
		D2	32.7±0.4 abA	26.6±1.0 bA	24.5±0.4 abA	43.7±0.8 dB	50.2±0.6 dC	56.3±0.6 bB
		D3	32.0±1.2 bA	23.8±0.3 cA	22.8±0.3 bcA	46.8±0.8 cC	52.4±0.4 cC	56.2±0.7 bC
		D4	23.9±2.0 cA	20.2±1.3 dA	19.8±2.6 cA	48.7±0.6 bC	54.3±0.3 bC	56.3±0.6 bC
		D5	22.7±1.9 cA	20.9±1.2 dA	19.4±1.3 cA	51.3±0.6 aC	56.3±1.3 aB	58.6±0.3 aC
	ZD958	D1	38.8±1.0 aA	26.5±0.6 aB	20.3±0.5 aB	43.2±0.2 eB	50.8±1.9 cB	56.8±0.4 dA
		D2	31.2±1.7 bA	19.1±1.0 bC	18.0±0.5 bB	45.5±1.2 dB	55.0±0.7 bB	57.6±0.4 cdA
		D3	28.4±0.6 cB	17.6±0.6 cC	17.7±0.8 bB	49.5±0.7 cB	56.8±0.7 abB	57.8±0.5 cB
		D4	25.6±0.5 dA	16.6±0.4 cB	15.6±1.2 cB	53.5±0.5 bB	56.7±0.5 abB	59.1±0.4 bB
		D5	19.1±0.9 eB	14.5±1.1 dC	12.7±0.4 dC	56.7±1.1 aB	58.0±0.6 aB	60.6±0.5 aB
	MY73	D1	33.6±1.0 aB	24.6±1.3 aC	21.3±1.2 aB	56.4±1.0 cA	54.8±0.7 dA	57.0±0.3 eA
		D2	32.1±1.1 aA	22.5±0.7 bB	18.5±0.5 bB	57.9±1.1 cA	59.3±1.0 cA	58.7±0.8 dA
		D3	26.4±0.8 bC	21.8±0.9 bB	16.8±0.5 cB	61.9±0.6 bA	60.1±1.6 cA	62.7±0.2 cA
		D4	20.2±1.1 cB	19.0±0.7 cA	15.5±0.6 cdB	69.8±1.1 aA	69.1±0.7 bA	69.0±1.1 bA
		D5	19.1±0.9 cB	18.5±0.7 cB	15.2±0.7 dB	70.9±0.9 aA	70.9±0.6 aA	70.6±0.7 aA
2024- Hebi	XY335	D1	38.7±0.4 aB	28.4±0.8 aA	28.2±1.2 aA	39.0±1.9 cB	48.4±0.5 cC	59.2±1.0 aA
		D2	33.3±0.2 bA	26.9±0.3 bA	25.9±1.5 bA	42.8±1.9 bB	53.4±1.0 bC	59.7±0.7 aA
		D3	31.2±1.1 cA	24.3±0.3 cA	23.2±1.0 cA	44.6±2.0 bB	54.8±2.1 abB	55.5±0.3 cB
		D4	24.3±1.4 dA	23.2±0.8 cA	23.1±0.4 cA	49.8±2.1 aB	55.6±0.4 aC	55.0±0.3 cC
		D5	21.6±1.4 eA	21.0±0.9 dA	18.6±1.6 dA	51.5±1.4 aB	56.1±0.6 aB	57.7±0.6 bC
	ZD958	D1	40.8±0.8 aA	24.0±1.1 aB	21.6±1.6 aB	37.5±2.6 dB	52.8±1.2 cB	56.7±0.6 bB
		D2	32.0±0.5 bA	19.6±0.4 bC	18.8±0.4 bB	40.2±2.7 cB	55.2±1.1 bB	55.5±0.6 cC
		D3	28.7±1.2 cA	18.3±0.5 bcC	17.5±1.2 bB	45.0±2.3 bB	55.1±1.9 bB	55.5±0.5 cB
		D4	26.3±0.7 dA	16.9±0.6 cC	15.2±0.3 cC	48.6±3.7 aB	57.6±1.0 aB	60.2±0.5 aB
		D5	19.9±2.3 eA	13.5±1.0 dB	12.4±0.2 dB	50.8±4.3 aB	57.5±0.6 aB	60.8±0.5 aB
	MY73	D1	33.4±2.6 aC	26.0±1.6 aAB	21.8±1.2 aB	45.2±1.5 eA	55.1±0.4 dA	56.6±0.4 cB
		D2	33.0±2.2 aA	23.6±0.4 bB	19.5±0.3 bB	50.8±1.0 dA	58.4±0.7 cA	57.5±0.9 cB
		D3	24.3±2.1 bB	22.3±0.4 bcB	17.3±1.0 cB	56.4±2.1 cA	59.7±1.4 cA	63.8±0.6 bA
		D4	21.1±1.6 bcB	21.1±0.4 cB	16.0±0.4 cB	62.7±0.9 bA	67.0±0.8 bA	64.6±0.4 bA
		D5	19.9±2.0 cA	19.4±0.9 dA	14.1±1.0 dB	69.1±3.6 aA	70.1±1.4 aA	67.5±0.2 aA
变异来源 Source of variation	年地组合 Year-site combination (Y)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	密度Density (D)		**	***	***	***	***	***
	品种Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	**	*	**
	Y×D		ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Y×C		ns	**	ns	ns	*	ns
	D×C		**	***	**	*	*	***
	Y×D×C		***	ns	ns	ns	ns	*

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Variation in photosynthetic characteristics of the ear leaf in maize cultivars differing in density tolerance under different planting density treatments"

年地组合 Year-site combination	品种 Cultivar	密度 Density	净光合速率 P_n (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (mol m^-2 s^-1)	胞间二氧化碳浓度 C_i (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol m^-2 s^-1)
2023-Xuchang	XY335	D1	32.8±0.8 aA	0.40±0.03 aA	285.2±4.5 aA	7.85±0.50 aA
		D2	27.5±0.8 bC	0.32±0.02 bA	259.1±6.3 bAB	6.38±0.80 bA
		D3	24.1±0.6 cB	0.24±0.00 cB	226.2±2.2 cB	4.71±0.15 cB
		D4	21.8±0.8 dB	0.20±0.00 dB	203.5±4.8 dB	3.98±0.03 dAB
		D5	16.3±0.5 eA	0.16±0.01 eA	171.4±3.3 eB	3.28±0.23 eAB
	ZD958	D1	33.8±1.3 aA	0.41±0.02 aA	276.0±7.9 aA	7.56±0.44 aA
		D2	28.3±0.9 bB	0.31±0.04 bA	241.0±6.5 bB	5.67±0.33 bB
		D3	24.7±0.8 cB	0.26±0.02 cA	233.8±2.9 bA	5.07±0.21 cAB
		D4	23.0±0.7 dA	0.21±0.00 dA	201.7±2.0 cB	4.07±0.08 dA
		D5	15.5±0.6 eB	0.16±0.00 eA	179.5±2.4 dA	3.32±0.03 eA
	MY73	D1	32.9±0.5 aA	0.42±0.03 aA	277.0±7.7 aA	8.25±0.41 aA
		D2	29.1±0.3 bA	0.35±0.03 bA	265.3±13.0 aA	6.48±0.17 bA
		D3	26.7±0.8 cA	0.26±0.02 cA	237.6±4.2 bA	5.39±0.26 cA
		D4	23.1±0.7 dA	0.20±0.01 dB	210.6±2.1 cA	3.88±0.01 dB
		D5	13.9±1.0 eC	0.14±0.00 eB	169.5±2.3 dB	3.02±0.04 eB
2024-Hebi	XY335	D1	27.1±0.3 aB	0.34±0.03 aA	253.6±4.5 aA	6.75±0.50 aA
		D2	24.7±0.4 bA	0.26±0.02 bB	229.1±6.3 bA	5.66±0.80 bA
		D3	23.2±0.9 bcA	0.23±0.00 cA	211.4±2.2 cB	5.06±0.15 cA
		D4	21.3±1.3 cA	0.21±0.00 dA	200.7±4.8 dA	4.28±0.03 dA
		D5	15.8±1.3 dA	0.13±0.01 eA	159.9±3.3 eB	3.71±0.23 eA
	ZD958	D1	29.7±1.7 aA	0.34±0.02 aA	234.2±7.9 aB	6.44±0.44 aA
		D2	24.7±0.9 bA	0.23±0.04 bB	209.5±6.5 bB	4.91±0.33 bB
		D3	22.7±0.7 bcAB	0.19±0.02 cB	207.5±2.9 bB	4.33±0.21 cB
		D4	21.0±0.6 cA	0.18±0.00 cB	176.3±2.0 cB	4.16±0.08 cAB
		D5	16.3±0.4 dA	0.12±0.00 dA	178.8±2.4 cA	3.13±0.03 dB
	MY73	D1	28.2±0.6 aAB	0.39±0.03 aA	257.5±7.7 aA	6.77±0.41 aA
		D2	25.9±0.3 bA	0.29±0.03 bA	231.6±13.0 bA	5.78±0.17 bA
		D3	22.4±1.1 cB	0.23±0.02 cA	221.3±4.2 bA	4.90±0.26 cA
		D4	20.1±1.0 dA	0.15±0.01 dC	181.3±2.1 cB	3.91±0.01 dB
		D5	12.2±1.0 eB	0.09±0.00 eB	177.6±2.3 cA	2.71±0.04 eC
变异来源 Source of variation	年地组合 Year-site combination (Y)		ns	*	**	*
	密度Density (D)		**	***	***	***
	品种Cultivar (C)		*	ns	*	**
	Y×D		ns	*	ns	*
	Y×C		*	ns	ns	ns
	D×C		**	*	*	**
	Y×D×C		***	*	ns	ns

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Variation in radiation use efficiency and yield of maize cultivars differing in density tolerance under different planting density treatments"

年地组合 Year-site combination	品种 Cultivar	密度 Density	籽粒产量辐射利用率 Radiation utilization of grain yield (g MJ^-1)	地上生物量辐射利用率 Radiation utilization of aboveground dry matter (g MJ^-1)	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)
2023年许昌 2023-Xuchang	XY335	D1	1.28±0.02 aA	2.29±0.04 dA	12,680±183 aA
		D2	1.30±0.06 aA	2.73±0.06 cA	12,923±588 aA
		D3	1.25±0.01 aA	3.00±0.04 bA	12,393±140 bA
		D4	1.04±0.03 bB	3.01±0.02 bA	10,290±255 cC
		D5	0.81±0.03 cB	3.17±0.15 aA	8012±325 dB
	ZD958	D1	1.01±0.01 bB	1.73±0.04 eB	10,060±139 bB
		D2	1.10±0.06 abB	2.00±0.02 dB	10,975±563 abB
		D3	1.15±0.08 aB	2.35±0.06 cB	11,457±816 aB
		D4	1.08±0.05 abB	2.55±0.00 bB	10,745±516 abB
		D5	0.75±0.02 cB	2.79±0.08 aB	7460±173 cC
	MY73	D1	0.93±0.04 cC	1.60±0.04 dC	9260±367 dC
		D2	1.10±0.09 bB	1.84±0.07 cC	10,950±909 cB
		D3	1.24±0.08 aA	2.11±0.02 bC	12,300±749 abA
		D4	1.33±0.05 aA	2.22±0.03 bC	13,248±459 aA
		D5	1.34±0.03 aA	2.41±0.15 aC	13,280±346 aA
2024年鹤壁 2024-Hebi	XY335	D1	1.16±0.04 aA	2.39±0.01 dA	11,190±391 aA
		D2	1.18±0.03 aA	2.68±0.06 cA	11,370±265 aB
		D3	1.02±0.04 bC	3.00±0.01 bA	9855±345 bC
		D4	0.76±0.01 cC	3.24±0.01 aA	7335±64 cC
		D5	0.26±0.02 dC	1.76±0.09 eC	2490±164 dC
	ZD958	D1	1.05±0.01 bB	2.08±0.01 cB	10,142±54 bB
		D2	1.19±0.04 aA	2.12±0.01 cB	11,476±424 aB
		D3	1.19±0.05 aB	2.34±0.07 bB	11,444±485 aB
		D4	1.07±0.04 bB	2.76±0.04 aB	10,307±359 bB
		D5	0.84±0.10 cB	2.30±0.04 bA	8067±940 cB
	MY73	D1	1.05±0.01 dB	1.71±0.10 bC	10,157±75 dB
		D2	1.23±0.01 bA	1.98±0.04 aC	11,915±136 bA
		D3	1.32±0.04 aA	2.10±0.04 aC	12,702±365 aA
		D4	1.27±0.02 bA	1.98±0.07 aC	12,279±181 bA
		D5	1.17±0.02 cA	2.07±0.08 aB	11,316±216 cA
变异来源 Source of variation	年地组合 Year-site combination (Y)		ns	ns	ns
	密度Density (D)		***	**	**
	品种Cultivar (C)		**	**	***
	Y×D		ns	ns	*
	Y×C		**	**	ns
	D×C		***	***	**
	Y×D×C		*	***	***

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 4

Table 6

Fig. 5

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年地组合Year-site combination	品种Cultivar	密度Density	决定系数 R²	潜在粒重 A	参数B Parameter B	参数K Parameter K	达最大灌浆速率的天数 T_max (d)	最大灌浆速率 G_max (g d^-1)	活跃灌浆期 Active grain filling period (d)
2023- Xuchang	XY335	D1	0.9950	38.97	13.98	0.1051	25.10	1.02	57.09
		D2	0.9945	37.11	16.05	0.1035	26.82	0.96	57.97
		D3	0.9971	36.19	18.29	0.1030	28.22	0.93	58.25
		D4	0.9943	36.70	19.30	0.1087	27.23	1.00	55.20
		D5	0.9948	36.54	18.45	0.1074	27.14	0.98	55.87
	ZD958	D1	0.9980	35.37	14.51	0.1139	23.48	1.01	52.68
		D2	0.9989	34.80	16.09	0.1122	24.76	0.98	53.48
		D3	0.9946	32.62	16.14	0.1105	25.17	0.90	54.30
		D4	0.9980	33.19	16.47	0.1154	24.28	0.96	51.99
		D5	0.9940	35.65	16.45	0.1140	24.56	1.02	52.63
	MY73	D1	0.9978	29.54	11.88	0.1101	22.48	0.81	54.50
		D2	0.9988	29.71	11.97	0.1069	23.22	0.79	56.13
		D3	0.9972	29.72	12.43	0.1056	23.86	0.78	56.82
		D4	0.9952	29.26	12.52	0.1029	24.56	0.75	58.31
		D5	0.9967	28.99	13.60	0.1020	25.59	0.74	58.82
2024-Hebi	XY335	D1	0.9911	38.26	24.70	0.1461	21.95	1.40	41.07
		D2	0.9917	37.21	33.79	0.1459	24.13	1.36	41.12
		D3	0.9926	36.55	34.01	0.1457	24.20	1.33	41.18
		D4	0.9936	35.43	35.26	0.1410	25.27	1.25	42.55
	ZD958	D1	0.9948	32.30	40.12	0.1546	23.88	1.25	38.81
		D2	0.9941	32.03	38.89	0.1494	24.50	1.20	40.16
		D3	0.9946	31.55	36.80	0.1455	24.78	1.15	41.24
		D4	0.9977	31.14	39.78	0.1439	25.60	1.12	41.70
		D5	0.9949	29.56	44.56	0.1426	26.63	1.05	42.08
	MY73	D1	0.9900	30.32	25.99	0.1256	25.94	0.95	47.77
		D2	0.9901	29.26	26.46	0.1268	25.83	0.93	47.32
		D3	0.9910	28.48	29.79	0.1271	26.70	0.90	47.21
		D4	0.9908	28.21	28.29	0.1273	26.26	0.90	47.13
		D5	0.9903	27.80	25.89	0.1205	27.00	0.84	49.79

Responses of root-shoot coordination and grain-filling characteristics to increased planting density in maize cultivars with varying density tolerance

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品种 Cultivar	2023年许昌2023-Xuchang			2024年鹤壁2024-Hebi
品种 Cultivar	丰产性指数 YPI (t hm^-2)	密度敏感性指数 DSI (%)	最适密度 OSD	丰产性指数 YPI (t hm^-2)	密度敏感性指数 DSI (%)	最适密度 OSD
XY335	12,923	2.99	D2	11,370	7.45	D2
ZD958	11,457	5.21	D3	11,476	5.95	D2
MY73	13,248	3.70	D4	12,702	4.76	D3

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