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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 685-694.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00685

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Wheat-Residue Application and Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Growth and Development in Direct-Seeding Rice

XU Guo-Wei12,TAN Gui-Lu1,WANG Zhi-Qin1,LIU Li-Jun1,YANG Jian-Chang1*   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;2Agricultural College,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China
  • Received:2008-10-07 Revised:2009-01-05 Online:2009-04-12 Published:2009-02-16
  • Contact: YANG Jian-Chang E-mail:jcyang@yzu.edu.cn E-mail:jcyang@yzu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

The annual total amount of crop residue straw exceeds billion tons in China. However, about 45–60% of them are burnt or discarded, which not only wastes organic fertilizer source, but also pollutes the environment. Meanwhile, heavy use of nitrogen fertilizer has become a serious problem in rice production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of wheat straw incorporation to soil and site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM) on the growth and development in direct-seeding rice. A mid-season japonica rice cultivar Yangjing 9538 was directly sown in field with three nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments, no N application, farmers’ fertilizer-N practice (FFP), and SSNM based on chlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings. The results showed that, compared with FFP, SSNM reduced N application by 30.0–31.3% and increased grain yield by 7.61%, on average. The grain yield in the wheat residue-incorporated treatment was 2.65%, on average, higher than that in the residue-removed treatment. In comparison with those under the residue removal and FFP, the number of stems and tillers, leaf area index, and biomass accumulation were less or lower under the residue incorporation and SSNM during the early growth period, but showed no significant difference at heading and thereafter. The residue incorporation increased the content of organic acid in leaves and the difference in temperature and relative humidity between day and night. Both the residue incorporation and SSNM increased the percentage of productive tillers, photosynthetic rate of the flag leaves, root activity, and ATPase activity during grain filling. The results suggest that both the residue incorporation and SSNM benefit the photosynthetic production of direct-seeding rice during the later growth period and an increase in the production efficiency.Reasons for the characteristics of the grain yield, growth and development under the residue incorporation and SSNM were discussed.

Key words: Rice, Direct-seeding, Wheat residue incorporation, Farmers'fertilizer-N practice, Site-specific nitrogen management, Grain yield, Growth and development characteristics

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