Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica,

Acta Agron Sin ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 1920-1929.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01920

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Differences of Starch Granules in Grains from Different Spikelet Positions and Their Correlation with Grain Weight in Winter Wheat

TAN Xiu-Shan1,3,BI Jian-Jie2,3,WANG Jin-Hua1,3,YE Bao-Xing1,3,*   

  1. 1 College of Life Science of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; 2 Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; 3 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, China
  • Received:2012-03-21 Revised:2012-07-10 Online:2012-10-12 Published:2012-07-27
  • Contact: 叶宝兴, E-mail: yeb@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8242561

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to reveal the differences in development and size-distribution of starch granules in endosperm of wheat grains in different grain positions and spikelet positions. The endosperm cell size, and the number, volume and surface area distribution of starch granules in mature caryopsis, as well as the changes of starch granule number during endosperm development, were studied using wheat cultivar Jimai 20 grown in the field. The results showed that the development of starch granule was closely related with grain position and spikelet position. In the same spikelet position, starch grains formed 4–5 d earlier in superior grains (the first and the second grains) than in inferior grains (the third and the fourth grains).At the same grain position, starch granules developed first in the grains of the middle spikelets, and then in grains of upper and lower spikelets. The amount of starch granules was the highest in the middle spikelet grains all the time. The lower spikelet grains had the least starch granules at the beginning of grain filling, however, the number of starch granules increased gradually and surpassed that of the upper spikelet grainsas caryopsis matured. Correlation coefficients between grain weight and starch granule amount became more significant with grain filling, which reached 0.88** (large starch granule) and 0.78** (small starch granule) at mature stage. Correlation coefficients between grain weight and large starch granule amount were higher than 0.96**, and had no difference among different spikelet positions. Correlation coefficients between grain weight and small starch granule amount were higher than 0.93**, and had a trend of upper > lower > middle in different spikelet positions. The trend of size distribution was BL-type > BS-type > A-type. There were more BS-type granules in superior grains than in inferior grains. The number of BS-type granules increased with the spikelet position rising, whereas the number of BL-type granules showed a reverse trend. The size distribution of starch granules had similar changes to volume and surface area. The formation and size distribution of starch granules were affected significantly by grain position and spikelet position, and inferior grains had the potential of increasing grain weight through increasing the quantity of starch granules.

Key words: Winter wheat, Spikelet position, Endosperm, Starch, Size distribution

[1]Hanft J M, Jones R J, Stumme A B. Dry matter accumulation and carbohydrate concentration patterns of field-grown and in vitro cultured maize kernels from the tip and middle ear positions. Crop Sci, 1986, 26: 568–572



[2]Chen Y, Yuan L P, Wang X H, Zhang D Y, Chen J, Deng Q Y, Zhao B R, Xu D Q. Relationship between grain yield and leaf photosynthetic rate in super hybid rice. Plant Physiol Mol Biol, 2007, 33: 235–243



[3]Daniel J M, Gustavo A S. Individual grain weight responses to genetic reduction in culm length in wheat as affected by source-sink manipulations. Field Crops Res, 1995, 43: 55–66



[4]Wang T-D(王天铎). A dynamic analysis of grain weight distribution during maturation of rice. Acta Bot Sin (植物学报), 1962, 10(2): 113–119 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[5]Yang J-C(杨建昌). Mechanism and regulation in the filling of inferior spikelets of rice. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2010, 36(12): 2011–2019 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[6]Li M-L(李孟良), Shi X-Q(时侠清). Study on the difference of grain weight among wheat ear and the effect of spraying pesticide. Seed (种子), 2001, (1): 17–19 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[7]Qu H-J(屈会娟), Li J-C(李金才), Shen X-S(沈学善), Li R-Y(李如意), Wei F-Z(魏凤珍), Zhang Y(张一). Effects of plant density on grain number and grain weight at different spikelets and grain positions in winter wheat cultivars. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2009, 35(10): 1875–1883 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[8]Rahman S, Kosar-Hashemi B, Samuel M S, Hill A, Abbot D C, Skerritt J H, Preiss J, Appels R, Morell M K. The major proteins of wheat endosperm starch granules. Aust J Plant Physiol, 1995, 22: 793–803



[9]Cai R-G(蔡瑞国), Yin Y-P(尹燕枰), Zhao F-M(赵发茂), Zhang M(张敏), Zhang T-B(张体彬), Liang T-B(梁太波), Gu F(顾锋), Dai Z-M(戴忠民), Wang Z-L(王振林). Size distribution of starch granules in strong-gluten wheat endosperm under low light environment. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2008, 41(5): 1308–1316 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[10]Evers A D. Scanning electron microscopy of wheat starch: Ⅲ. Granule development in the endosperm. Starch-Stärke, 1971, 23: 157–160



[11]Tang H, Watanabe K, Mitsunaga T. Structure and functionality of large, medium and small granule starches in normal and waxy barley endosperm. Carbohyd Polym, 2002, 49: 217–224



[12]Evers A D, Lindley J. The particle-size distribution in wheat endosperm starch. J Sci Food Agr, 1977, 28: 98–101



[13]Stoddard F L. Survey of starch particle-size distribution in wheat and related species. Cereal Chem, 1999, 76: 145–149



[14]Ellis R P, Cochrane M P, Dale M F B, Duffus C M, Lynn A, Morrison I M, Prentice R D M, Swanston J S, Tiller S A. Starch production and industrial use. J Sci Food Agric, 1998, 77: 289–311



[15]Raeker M, Gaines C S, Finney P L, Donelson T. Granule size distribution and chemical composition of starches from 12 soft wheat cultivars. Cereal Chem, 1998, 75: 721–728



[16]Duan X-C(段续川). Innovations of fix, hydrolyze, separate and stain of plant cells and organelle. Acta Bot Sin, 1959, 8(1): 1–16



[17]Dai Z-M(戴忠民). Effects of 6-BA and ABA on endosperm cell propagation and starch accumulation in grains of winter wheat. J Triticeae Crop (麦类作物学报), 2008, 28(3): 484–489 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[18]Feng C-N(封超年), Guo W-S(郭文善), Shi J-S(施劲松), Peng Y-X(彭永欣), Zhu X-K(朱新开). Effect of high temperature after anthesis on endosperm cell development and grain weight in wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1997, 18(3): 15–20 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[19]Wei C-X(韦存虚), Zhang J(张军), Zhou W-D(周卫东), Chen Y-F(陈义芳), Xu R-G(许如根). Ultrastructural observation on the development of small starch granule (compound starch granule) of wheat endosperm. J Triticeae Crop (麦类作物学报), 2008, 28(5): 804–810 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[20]Langeveld S M.J, Wijk R V, Stuurman N, Kijne J W, de Pater S. B-type granule containing protrusions and interconnection between amyloplasts in developing wheat endosperm revealed by transmission electron microscopy and GFP expression. J Exp Bot, 2000, 51: 1357–1361



[21]Wei C-X(韦存虚), Zhang J(张军), Zhou W-D(周卫东), Chen Y-F(陈义芳), Xu R-G(许如根). Development of small starch granule in barley endosperm. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2008, 34(10): 1788–1796 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[22]Yang X-J(杨学举), Qu P(屈平), Zhang C-Y(张彩英), Liu G-T(刘广田). Effect of type-A starch granule size on starch properties and bread quality in wheat. J Hebei Agric Univ (河北农业大学学报), 2004, 27(5): 1–5 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[23]Takada Y, Takeda C, Mizukami H, Hanashiro I. Structures of large, medium and small starch granules of barley grain. Carbohyd Polym, 1999, 38: 109–114



[24]Wei C-X(韦存虚), Zhang X-Y(张翔宇), Zhang J(张军), Xu B(徐斌), Zhou W-D(周卫东), Xu R-G(许如根). Isolation and properties of large and small starch grains of different types of wheat cultivars. J Triticeae Crop (麦类作物学报), 2007, 27(2): 255–260 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[25]Morris C F, Shackley B J, King G E, Kidwell K K. Genotypic and environmental variation for flour swelling volume in wheat. Cereal Chem, 1997, 74: 16–21



[26]Liu Z(刘智), Wang L-L(王玲玲), Zhang E-J(张二金), Zhai G-G(翟干干), Xiong F(熊飞), Zhang C(张琛), Wang Z(王忠). Study on endosperm development between wheat cultivars for different uses. J Triticeae Crop (麦类作物学报), 2011, 31(1): 70–76 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[1] Wang Zhuang-Zhuang, Wu Zi-Jun, Zhang Yong-Xin, Zhang Xin-Yuan, Yuan Li-Xue, Chen Ru-Xue, Liu Shi-Ju, Duan Jian-Zhao, Feng Wei, Wang Tong-Chao, Wang Yong-Hua. Optimized water-nitrogen synergy enhances winter wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency in clay-loam fluvo-aquic soils of southeastern Henan, China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[2] Qiao Yu-Xin, Li Cheng-Yue, Kang Xiao-Yu, Zhang Xin-Qi, Jia Shao-Hui, Liu Qian, Cao Ya-Li, Shi Xin-Rui, Hao Xing-Yu, Li Ping. Study on the effects of long-term no-tillage straw mulching on wheat yield improvement in dryland areas based on the APSIM model [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(4): 1181-1192.
[3] ZHUO Feng-Qi, TANG Zhen-San, LEI Yu-Jun, CHENG Li-Xiang, ZHAO Tian-Tian, LYU Tai, YANG Chen, ZHANG Feng. Screening of low glycemic potato varieties (lines) based on cooking methods and regeneration temperature [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(9): 2538-2546.
[4] YANG Ying-Cong, ZHANG Jun-Hao, TANG Yi-Zhe, QIAO Chang-Chang, WANG Peng-Bo, HUANG Ming, XU Guo-Wei, WANG He-Zheng. Effects of straw returning and phosphorus application rates on grain starch and the activities of starch synthesis-related enzymes in dryland wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(9): 2467-2484.
[5] YANG Ting-Ting, CHEN Juan, ABDUL Rehman, LI Jing, YAN Su-Hui, WANG Jian-Lai, LI Wen-Yang. Effects of weak light post-anthesis on dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain yield, and starch quality in soft wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2204-2219.
[6] SONG Gai-Li, WANG Lu-Qian, QU Ke-Fei, TANG Jian-Wei, DONG Chun-Hao, HUANG Zhen-Pu, GAO Yan, NIU Ji-Shan, YIN Gui-Hong, LI Qiao-Yun. Effect of Bipolaris sorokiniana-induced black point disease on starch content, particle size distribution, and pasting properties of medium-gluten wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2164-2175.
[7] CHEN Ru-Xue, SUN Li-Fang, ZHANG Xin-Yuan, MU Hai-Meng, ZHANG Yong-Xin, YUAN Li-Xue, PENG Shi-Le, WANG Zhuang-Zhuang, WANG Yong-Hua. Effects of combined straw returning and microbial inoculant application on carbon-nitrogen metabolism in flag leaves and yield formation in winter wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1901-1913.
[8] WU Liu-Ge, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Xin, DENG Ai-Xing, SONG Zhen-Wei, ZHENG Cheng-Yan, ZHANG Wei-Jian. Changes in yield and quality traits of nationally approved winter wheat varieties in China over last twenty years [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1814-1826.
[9] WU Mei-Juan, ZHANG Yin-Hui, LI Yuan-Hao, LIU Hai-Xia, HUANG Yi-Lin, LI Tian, LIU Hong-Xia, ZHANG Xue-Yong, HAO Chen-Yang, GUO Jie, HOU Jian. Functional dissection of sucrose synthase gene TaSUS2 regulating grain starch synthesis and quality in wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1514-1525.
[10] ZHAO Gang, ZHANG Jian-Jun, DANG Yi, FAN Ting-Lu, WANG Lei, ZHOU Gang, WANG Shu-Ying, LI Xing-Mao, NI Sheng-Li, MI Wen-Bo, ZHOU Xu-Jiao, CHENG Wan-Li, LI Shang-Zhong. Effects of straw mulching on soil water temperature effect and winter wheat yield in different rainfall years in Dryland Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1643-1653.
[11] WANG Dong, WANG Sen, SHANG Li, FENG Hao-Wei, ZHANG Yong-Qiao, CUI Jia-Ming, LI Shuang, ZHANG Jia-Cong, CHE Huan. Effect of supplementary irrigation on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in semi humid areas of the Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1312-1325.
[12] SONG Song-Quan, TANG Cui-Fang, CHENG Hong-Yan, WANG Cheng-Liang, YUAN Liang-Bing, ZUO Sheng. Endosperm development of cereal crops and its role in seed dormancy and germination [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1133-1155.
[13] ZHU Jian-Ping, LI Wen-Qi, XU Yang, WANG Fang-Quan, LI Xia, JIANG Yan-Jie, FAN Fang-Jun, TAO Ya-Jun, CHEN Zhi-Hui, WU Ying-Ying, YANG Jie. Phenotypic analysis and gene mapping of a floury endosperm mutant we2 in rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(4): 1110-1117.
[14] XIAO Zheng-Wu, ZHANG Ke-Qian, CAO Fang-Bo, CHEN Jia-Na, ZHENG Hua-Bin, WANG Wei-Qin, HUANG Min. Relationships between cooking and eating quality of brown rice noodles and starch component contents and pasting properties of brown rice grains [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(4): 1102-1109.
[15] WANG Jiao, BAI Hai-Xia, HAN Yu-Yan, LIANG Hui, FENG Ya-Nan, ZHANG Dong-Sheng, LI Ping, ZONG Yu-Zheng, SHI Xin-Rui, HAO Xing-Yu. Effects of elevated CO2 concentration, increased temperature and their interaction on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Liangxing 99 winter wheat leaves [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(4): 1061-1076.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!