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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 431-441.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00431

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Influences of Rape Intercropping with Chinese Milk Vetch and Straw Mulching on Productive Benefits in Dryland of Southwest China

Quan ZHOU1,2(), Long-Chang WANG1,*(), Shu-Min MA1, Xiao-Duan ZHANG1, Yi XING1, Sai ZHANG1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University / Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400716, China
    2 Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2017-05-15 Accepted:2017-11-21 Online:2018-03-12 Published:2017-12-11
  • Contact: Long-Chang WANG E-mail:zhouquanyilang@163.com;wanglc2003@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503127) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271673).

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Abstract:

In dryland of the southwest of China, the eco-environment of farmland is extremely fragile, and the application of green manure is not enough. The seasonal drought is a key factor limiting the rape production. In order to improve rape yield and explore the application method of green manure, we compared the effects of intercropping and straw mulching on photosynthetic characteristics, agronomic traits, biomass, root morphology, rapeseed quality and yield. Intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching substantially improved the agronomic traits (diameter of root crown, leaf number, effective branch number and number of pods per plant), the root morphology (total root length, total root volume, total root surfarea and average root diameter), and the biomass of root, stem and leaf at stem elongation, flowering and podding stages of rape. At the same time, it also increased the photosynthetic rate at seeding stage. Water use efficiency in intercropping treatment and straw mulching treatment was increased by 31.12% and 39.89% as compared with rape monoculture. In addition, treatments of intercropping, straw mulching and intercropping with straw mulching significantly increased rape yield by 10.30%, 13.20%, and 40.16% as compared with rape monoculture. Our findings revealed that intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching are helpful to improve the agronomic trait, biomass and root morphology, resulting in yield increase in rape.

Key words: green manure, intercropping, root interaction, root morphology, rape yield

Fig. 1

Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching on agronomic traits of rape (2014-2015) F: full root separation with plastic film; P: partial root separation with nylon nets; N: no root separation; T: no straw mulching; S: straw mulching. Bars superscribed by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05."

Fig. 2

Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching on root morphology of rape (2014-2015) F: full root separation with plastic film; P: partial root separation with nylon nets; N: no root separation; T: no straw mulching; S: straw mulching. Bars superscribed by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05."

Table 1

Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching on photosynthetic characteristics at seedling stage (2015-2016)"

处理
Treatment		 净光合速率
Net photosynthetic rate (Pn)
(μmol m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Stomatal
conductance (Gs)
(mol m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2浓度
Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)
(μmol mol-1)		 蒸腾速率
Transpiration rate (Tr)
(mmol m-2 s-1)		 水分利用效率
Water use efficiency (WUE)
(mmol mol-1)
油菜单作+无秸秆覆盖R 6.77±0.77 b 0.12±0.06 b 300.01±70.23 a 0.58±0.24 b 8.90±1.19 a
紫云英油菜间作+无秸秆覆盖AR 7.60±0.51 ab 0.15±0.06 ab 326.96±29.01 a 0.69±0.20 ab 11.67±3.35 a
油菜单作+秸秆覆盖SR 8.12±1.33 ab 0.26±0.04 a 376.22±18.91 a 1.06±0.17 a 7.89±2.54 a
紫云英油菜间作+秸秆覆盖SAR 8.74±0.51 a 0.15±0.05 ab 332.07±32.96 a 0.73±0.19 ab 12.45±2.78 a

Fig. 3

Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching on biomass of rape (2015-2016) R: rape monoculture + no straw mulching; AR: rape intercropping with Chinese milk vetch + no straw mulching; SR: rape monoculture + straw mulching; SAR: rape intercropping with Chinese milk vetch + straw mulching. Bars superscribed by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05."

Fig. 4

Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching on oil content, protein and glucosinolates content of rape (2015-2016) R: rape monoculture + no straw mulching; AR: rape intercropping with Chinese milk vetch + no straw mulching; SR: rape monoculture + straw mulching; SAR: rape intercropping with Chinese milk vetch + straw mulching. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05."

Table 2

Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching on fatty acids of rape (2015-2016) (%)"

脂肪酸
Fatty acid		 油菜单作+
无秸秆覆盖R		 紫云英油菜间作+
无秸秆覆盖AR		 油菜单作+
秸秆覆盖SR		 紫云英油菜间作+
秸秆覆盖SAR
低芥酸Low erucic acid 0.29±0.28 a 0.30±0.23 a 0.12±0.09 a 0.40±0.14 a
高芥酸High erucic acid 9.14±0.16 a 6.17±4.50 a 5.13±3.73 a 8.15±4.08 a
高油酸High oleic acid 62.73±0.94 a 62.02±0.14 a 61.47±1.23 a 61.51±0.66 a
花生烯酸Arachidonic acid 3.04±0.60 a 3.22±0.66 a 3.47±1.37 a 3.62±0.47 a
芥酸Erucic acid 5.18±0.52 a 4.33±1.45 a 3.14±1.84 a 5.49±2.11 a
亚麻酸Linolenic acid 9.05±0.32 a 8.56±0.28 ab 8.49±0.16 b 8.88±0.08 ab
亚油酸Linoleic acid 21.85±0.67 ab 21.29±0.62 ab 20.76±0.25 b 22.32±1.06 a
硬脂酸Stearic acid 0.57±0.11 a 0.40±0.13 b 0.36±0.11 b 0.38±0.16 b
油酸Oleic acid 55.54±1.20 a 58.23±2.83 a 59.60±2.06 a 55.38±1.84 a
棕榈酸Palmitic acid 4.66±0.09 b 4.78±0.03 ab 4.86±0.24 ab 4.90±0.08 a

Fig. 5

Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching on yield per plant of rape (2014-2015) F: full root separation with plastic film; P: partial root separation with nylon nets; N: no root separation; T: no straw mulching; S: straw mulching. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05."

Fig. 6

Effects of intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching on population yield of rape (2015-2016) R: rape monoculture + no straw mulching; AR: rape intercropping with Chinese milk vetch + no straw mulching; SR: rape monoculture + straw mulching; SAR: rape intercropping with Chinese milk vetch + straw mulching. Bars superscribed by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05."

Table 3

Correlation coefficients of agronomic traits and root morphological parameters with yield of rape"

农艺性状
Agronomic trait		 单株产量
Yield per plant		 根系形态
Root morphology		 单株产量
Yield per plant
株高Plant height 0.578* 总根长Total root length -0.009
根颈粗Diameter of root crown 0.827** 总根表面积Total root surfarea 0.493*
叶片数Leaf number 0.770** 平均根系直径Average root diameter 0.426
无柄叶数Sessile leaf number 0.774** 总根体积Total root volume 0.659**
一级有效分枝数Primary effective branch number 0.679** 根尖数Tips 0.089
二级有效分枝数Secondary effective branch number 0.723** 分枝数Forks 0.046
单株角果数Number of pods per plant 0.880** 交叉数Crossings -0.066

Table 4

Grey judgement analysis of agronomic traits and root morphology"

处理
Treatment		 关联系数 Correlation coefficient (ξ) 灰色综合
评判值
G
株高
PH		 根颈粗
DRB		 叶片数
LN		 无柄叶数
SLN		 一级有效分枝数
PEBN		 二级有效分枝数
SEBN		 单株角果数
NPP		 总根表面积
TRS		 总根体积
TRV
FT 0.807 0.531 0.375 0.357 0.572 0.333 0.386 0.495 0.364 0.483
FS 0.735 0.584 0.468 0.439 0.625 0.421 0.425 0.478 0.477 0.526
PT 0.875 0.598 0.548 0.528 0.597 0.629 0.517 0.765 0.500 0.627
PS 0.875 0.852 0.981 1.000 0.769 1.000 0.979 0.652 0.735 0.870
NT 0.847 0.657 0.597 0.608 0.816 0.629 0.683 1.000 0.544 0.718
NS 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.959 1.000 0.884 1.000 0.762 1.000 0.957
关联度DA (γ) 0.856 0.704 0.662 0.649 0.730 0.649 0.665 0.692 0.603
权重系数WC (ω) 0.138 0.113 0.107 0.104 0.118 0.105 0.107 0.111 0.097
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