秸秆条带还田对东北春玉米产量、土壤水氮及根系分布的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00774

Abstract

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Tieling city, Liaoning province of Northeast China to study the effects of straw stripe returning on yield of spring maize, and the relationships of yield with soil moisture, nitrogen and maize root spatial distribution. The experiments included four treatments: (1) the ridges of the rotary tillage with straw returning (RR+S); (2) the ridges of rotary tillage without straw returning (RR); (3) interlaced ridges of rotary tillage with straw returning (IR+S); (4) interlaced ridges of rotary tillage without straw returning (IR). Compared with no straw returning, under RR+S and IR+S treatments the yield, increased by 6.7% and 8.2%, respectively, with more significant yield-increasing effect in dry year (2015) than in rainy year (2016); their grain number per spike and harvest index increased significantly, but there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight; their soil moisture content increased by 7.8% and 6.1%, and their soil nitrogen increased by 6.9% and 4.5%, respectively; their root length significantly increased by 29.4% and 22.7%, and the water use efficiency was increased by 7.8% and 7.0%, respectively. We conclude that the straw strip returning (RR+S and IR+S) can improve water use efficiency and grain yield by optimizing distribution of soil structure, moisture and nitrogen. This study provides useful references for improving spring maize yield and straw comprehensive utilization in Northeast of China.

Key words: straw strip returning, yield, root distribution, soil moisture content, nitrogen distribution, water use efficiency

Jun-Peng AN, Cong-Feng LI, Hua QI, Peng-Xiang SUI, Wen-Ke ZHANG, Ping TIAN, De-Bao YOU, Nan MEI, Jing XING. Effects of Straw Strip Returning on Spring Maize Yield, Soil Moisture, Nitrogen Contents and Root Distribution in Northeast China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(05): 774-782.

Figures/Tables 8

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grain number (per ear)	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
2015	RR+S	466.83±24.66 b	307.12±16.64 a	7412.99±211.71 a	0.42±0.06 ab
	RR	363.85±20.60 c	304.04±42.93 a	6655.35±326.94 b	0.33±0.10 b
	IR+S	511.88±13.99 a	275.34±34.27 a	7234.28±103.94 a	0.49±0.02 a
	IR	351.53±26.40 c	277.20±20.87 a	6331.27±247.10 b	0.32±0.09 b
2016	RR+S	514.80±38.66 ab	345.90±18.02 ab	12120.94±145.29 a	0.56±0.02 a
	RR	465.46±28.88 b	366.07±9.81 a	11655.48±186.20 bc	0.55±0.01 a
	IR+S	535.15±34.18 a	321.81±18.58 b	12052.68±351.78 ab	0.49±0.03 b
	IR	485.64±2.01 ab	363.13±5.80 a	11494.58±159.99 c	0.55±0.01 a
显著性分析(F值) Interaction analysis of yield and yield components (F-value)
	S	41.055^**	1.455	28.286^**	4.268
	M	1.680	2.939	2.103	0.100
	S×M	1.036	0.273	0.222	0.100

处理 Treatment	2015		2016
处理 Treatment	根干重 Root biomass (g plant^-1)	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	根干重 Root biomass (g plant^-1)	根冠比 Root shoot ratio
RR+S	12.61±0.43 b	0.040±0.001 b	15.71±0.66 b	0.047±0.002 b
RR	17.12±0.30 a	0.063±0.001 a	14.60±0.55 b	0.047±0.002 b
IR+S	11.22±0.82 c	0.038±0.003 b	15.71±0.64 b	0.046±0.002 b
IR	16.89±0.86 a	0.063±0.003 a	18.81±1.07 a	0.061±0.003 a
显著性分析(F值) Interaction analysis of root biomass and root shoot ratio (F-value)
S	184.430^**	304.516^**	5.135	30.550^**
M	4.668	2.037	23.067^**	18.690^**
S×M	2.410	0.066	23.033^**	29.627^**

处理 Treatment	播前土壤贮水量 Pre-planting soil water storage(mm)	收获后土壤贮水量 Soil water storage after harvest (mm)	耗水量 ET (mm)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)
RR+S	430.7±4.3 b	383.6±12.2 a	876.1±6.2 b	13.8±0.5 a
RR	420.0±3.9 b	340.1±3.7 c	908.9±15.9 a	12.8±0.5 b
IR+S	443.2±11.5 a	397.2±8.9 a	874.9±7.7 b	13.8±0.3 a
IR	424.5±2.2 c	354.0±15.1 b	889.4±3.8 b	12.9±0.4 b
显著性分析(F值) Interaction analysis of ET and WUE (F-value)
S	15.183^**	48.006^**	18.390^**	14.440^**
M	5.076	4.830	3.522	0.040
S×M	1.124	0.001	2.753	0.040

Effects of Straw Strip Returning on Spring Maize Yield, Soil Moisture, Nitrogen Contents and Root Distribution in Northeast China

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