不同降雨年型下种植密度对旱作马铃薯生长、水分利用效率及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01560

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the reasonable planting density of potato under plastic film mulching and ridge planting, a 2-year field experiment was conducted in semi-arid areas liable to droughts of southern Ningxia between 2015 and 2016, with five planting density treatments, including 37 500 (A), 45 000 (B), 52 500 (C), 60 000 (D), and 67 500 plant ha ^-1 (E). Local traditional planting density of 37 500 plant ha ^-1 (A) was as the control. Different planting densities could significantly influence the water status of soil layer at 0-100 cm during the earlier and middle stages of potato growth. The soil water storages in treatments B and C were the highest, which were significantly higher than those in treatments A and E. The treatments B and C could significantly increase emergence rate of potato, and promote the growth of potato during the early stage and middle stage compared with other treatments, whereas there were no significant differences among the five treatments during the later stage of potato growth. The tuber yield and commodity rate of potato increased at first and then decreased with increasing planting density. Compared with treatment A, the 2-year mean rainfall use efficiency of treatments B and C were significantly increased by 15.3% and 17.6%, and mean water use efficiency were significantly increased by 11.1% and 15.0%, respectively. By function fitting with the two-year data, the highest tuber yield and water use efficiency of dry-farming potato under plastic film mulching and ridge planting was demonstrated in normal year and dry year in semi-arid areas liable to droughts of southern Ningxia, which was 51 187-51 302 plant ha ^-1.

Key words: planting density, soil water, potato growth, yield, water use efficiency, rainfall year types

Xian-Qing HOU,You-Wen NIU,Wen-Li WU,Jin-Peng XU,Long SHI,Shao-Ying TANG,Xu MA,Rong LI. Effect of Planting Density on the Growth, Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Dry-farming Potato under Different Rainfall Year Types[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(10): 1560-1569.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling		开花 Florescence		块茎形成 Tuber initiation		块茎膨大 Tuber expansion		成熟 Maturity
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)
2015	A	20.5 a	9.97 b	47.0 c	13.98 c	58.0 c	15.36 cd	55.1 bc	15.00 bc	47.0 a	14.57 a
	B	20.3 a	11.11 a	53.4 ab	15.13 b	63.3 b	16.98 b	61.0 ab	16.07 ab	50.1 a	15.26 a
	C	23.5 a	12.44 a	55.1 a	16.49 a	70.1 a	17.91 a	64.0 a	16.44 a	50.9 a	15.50 a
	D	20.3 a	9.68 b	52.4 b	14.47 bc	61.9 bc	16.07 c	58.8 b	15.38 b	48.0 a	15.06 a
	E	22.6 a	9.52 b	48.3 bc	13.60 c	59.7 c	14.24 d	54.7 c	14.82 c	47.1 a	14.85 a
2016	A	12.4 ab	8.93 c	28.7 bc	12.87 c	49.8 b	14.24 bc	45.0 b	13.47 bc	52.0 a	13.68 a
	B	15.9 a	10.49 a	33.1 a	14.33 a	61.3 a	16.07 a	56.5 a	14.89 a	56.2 a	14.51 a
	C	13.6 ab	9.86 b	29.2 b	13.60 b	54.5 ab	15.41 ab	50.3 ab	14.15 ab	55.0 a	13.96 a
	D	12.2 ab	9.66 b	26.4 c	13.19 ab	54.1 ab	15.19 b	47.7 b	13.69 b	51.0 a	14.32 a
	E	10.5 b	9.32 bc	27.0 c	12.96 bc	47.8 b	13.57 c	46.3 b	12.56 c	50.3 a	14.08 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	总产量 Total yield (kg hm^-2)	总薯数 Total tuber number (No. hm^-2)	大薯 Big tuber		中薯 Middle tuber		小薯 Small tuber		商品薯率 Commodity rate (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	总产量 Total yield (kg hm^-2)	总薯数 Total tuber number (No. hm^-2)	薯数 Tuber number (No. hm^-2)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	薯数 Tuber number (No. hm^-2)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	薯数 Tuber number (No. hm^-2)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	商品薯率 Commodity rate (%)
2015	A	24282.0 cd	364633 d	49625 a	9500.0 bc	94688 b	8812.5 c	220320 d	4969.5 c	75.42 b
	B	25869.0 b	413445 c	49875 a	10224.0 b	115500 a	11185.0 a	248070 c	5460.0 bc	82.76 a
	C	27787.5 a	428875 bc	50625 a	11182.5 a	115750 a	11530.0 a	262500 b	5875.0 ab	81.74 a
	D	24859.5 c	430875 b	32125 b	8295.5 c	105125 b	10522.0 b	293625 a	6042.0 a	75.70 b
	E	23580.0 d	452500 a	31500 b	6075.0 d	117000 a	11370.0 a	304000 a	6135.0 a	73.98 b
2016	A	13008.6 b	179353 d	43395 b	6475.5 b	62781 cd	4059.7 a	73177 a	2473.3 a	80.98 b
	B	16126.4 a	213357 a	56153 a	8262.0 a	86293 a	5838.1 a	70910 a	2026.3 a	87.43 a
	C	15705.4 a	191096 b	53277 a	8047.2 a	73787 b	5581.1 a	64032 a	2077.1 a	86.77 a
	D	13767.1 b	189845 c	44272 b	6094.6 b	71161 b	5433.5 a	74412 a	2239.0 a	83.74 ab
	E	13035.9 b	179090 d	41646 b	6175.2 b	55153 d	4155.8 a	82291 a	2704.9 a	79.25 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	收获时土壤供水能力 Soil water supply capacity before harvest (mm)	作物耗水量 Water consumption (mm)	降水利用效率 PUE (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)
2015	A	24282.0 cd	45.02 ab	225.22 ab	134.75 c	107.81 b
	B	25869.0 b	49.82 a	230.02 a	143.56 ab	112.46 ab
	C	27787.5 a	50.52 a	230.72 a	154.20 a	120.44 a
	D	24859.5 c	42.32 b	222.52 ab	137.96 bc	105.97 b
	E	23580.0 d	40.62 b	220.82 b	130.85 c	112.58 ab
2016	A	13008.6 b	16.59 a	178.69 ab	80.25 b	72.80 b
	B	16126.4 a	20.67 a	182.77 a	99.48 a	88.23 a
	C	15705.4 a	17.69 a	179.79 a	96.89 a	87.35 a
	D	13767.1 b	12.32 b	174.42 b	84.93 b	78.93 b
	E	13035.9 b	10.97 b	173.07 b	80.42 b	75.32 b

Effect of Planting Density on the Growth, Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Dry-farming Potato under Different Rainfall Year Types

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