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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 1468-1477.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.91012

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic diversity assessment in derivative offspring of Mazhamai and Xiaobaimai wheat

BAI Yan-Ming1,2,LI Long2,WANG Hui-Yan1,2,LIU Yu-Ping2,WANG Jing-Yi2,MAO Xin-Guo2,CHANG Xiao-Ping2,SUN Dai-Zhen1,*(),JING Rui-Lian2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2019-02-01 Accepted:2019-04-15 Online:2019-10-12 Published:2019-09-10
  • Contact: Dai-Zhen SUN,Rui-Lian JING E-mail:sdz64@126.com;jingruilian@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300202);the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(201703D211007-6)

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Abstract:

“Mazhamai” originated in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province, and “Xiaobaimai” in Pingyao county of Shanxi province, two landraces of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are the primitive founder parents of wheat cultivars in northern China. The genetic diversity assessment of “Mazhamai”, “Xiaobaimai” and their derivative offsprings will be helpful to wheat cultivar improvement. In this study, a wheat 660K SNP Array was used to perform genome-wide scanning for analyzing genetic diversity of “Mazhamai”, “Xiaobaimai” and their derivatives. The polymorphic SNP marker number in three genomes was B>A>D, and the fourth homoeologous group had the least number of polymorphic markers. The gene diversity (H) and nucleotide diversity (π) ranges were 0.095-0.500 and 0.272-0.435, with corresponding average values of 0.336 and 0.340 in 149 wheat accessions, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient (GS) ranged from 0.335 to 0.997, with an average value of 0.619 in the wheat panel. It indicated a low genetic diversity in the derivative offsprings of “Mazhamai” and “Xiaobaimai”. Cluster analysis exhibited that the derived cultivars of “Mazhamai” and “Xiaobaimai” were divided into five clusters, “Mazhamai” and “Xiaobaimai” were closely grouped into Cluster I. The cultivars released before 2000 were mainly the single derivatives of “Mazhamai” or “Xiaobaimai” in Cluster I, II and III and grouped, while the most cultivars released after 2000 possessed both blood of “Mazhamai” and “Xiaobaimai” with higher genetic diversity than the former, and grouped in Cluster IV and V just like commercial cultivars widely grown. Therefore, we should strengthen the introduction of beneficial genetic resources, broaden the genetic basis of wheat cultivars, resulting in improved breeding level.

Key words: wheat, landrace, founder parent, SNP marker, nucleotide diversity

Fig. 1

Distribution of polymorphic SNP markers on chromosomes (A), homoeologous groups (B), and genomes (C)"

Fig. 2

Frequency distributions of genetic similarity among accessions"

Table 1

Nucleotide diversity of accessions released in different eras"

年代
Era		 π值
π value		 品种数
No. of accession
Pre-1960 0.389 12
1960s 0.391 26
1970s 0.352 19
1980s 0.387 13
1990s 0.387 19
2000s 0.388 34
2010s 0.388 26

Table 2

Information of different generations derived from Mazhamai"

衍生世代
Generation		 品种名称
Accession		 品种数
No. of
accession		 核苷酸多样性
Nucleotide
diversity (π)
1 碧蚂2号 Bima 2 1
2 衡水6404, 邢选1号, 北京8号, 陕农4号, 徐州6号, 淮沭10号, 昌乐5号, 济南2号, 石家庄54, 青春1号, 青春2号, 陕农17-17, 郑州24, 陕合6号, 陕农1号, 陕农18
Hengshui 6404, Xingxuan 1, Beijing 8, Shaannong 4, Xuzhou 6, Huaishu 10, Changle 5, Jinan 2, Shijiazhuang 54, Qingchun 1, Qingchun 2, Shaannong 17-17, Zhengzhou 24, Shaanhe 6, Shaannong 1, Shaannong 18		 16 0.348
3 北京13, 农大198, 济南10号, 冀麦2号, 平凉35, 西峰9号, 冀麦1号
Beijing 13, Nongda 198, Jinan 10, Jimai 2, Pingliang 35, Xifeng 9, Jimai 1		 7 0.305
4 晋麦29, 庆丰1号, ZHM 44, 晋麦47, 长武702, 丰抗13, 平凉21
Jinmai 29, Qingfeng 1, ZHM 44, Jinmai 47, Changwu 702, Fengkang 13, Pingliang 21		 7 0.353
5 运旱20410, 临旱6号, 运旱22-33, 洛旱13, 晋麦79, 晋麦33, 洛旱2号, 丰抗8号, 丰抗7号, 京农79-13, 丰抗10号, 兰天4号, 京437, ZHM 40, ZHM 42, ZHM 43, 洛旱15, 中麦36
Yunhan 20410, Linhan 6, Yunhan 22-33, Luohan 13, Jinmai 79, Jinmai 33, Luohan 2, Fengkang 8, Fengkang 7, Jingnong 79-13, Fengkang 10, Lantian 4, Jing 437, ZHM 40, ZHM 42, ZHM 43, Luohan 15, Zhongmai 36		 18 0.305
6 晋麦100, 晋麦92, 晋太170, 晋麦63, 西峰20, 中麦175, 北京8694, 京冬8号
Jinmai 100, Jinmai 92, Jintai 170, Jinmai 63, Xifeng 20, Zhongmai 175, Beijing 8694, Jingdong 8		 8 0.355
7 陇育5号, 长4640, 长6878, 长6154, 长6452, 晋麦87, 长7016, 临丰615, 洛旱11, 洛旱9号, 洛旱6号, 洛旱3号
Longyu 5, Chang 4640, Chang 6878, Chang 6154, Chang 6452, Jinmai 87, Chang 7016, Linfeng 615, Luohan 11, Luohan 9, Luohan 6, Luohan 3		 12 0.333
8 长武134, 宁冬16, 晋太1310, 晋太114, 长8744, 长6794, 长5222, 运旱137, 长麦6197, 长7050, ZHM 35, 鲁麦14, 衡136
Changwu 134, Ningdong 16, Jintai 1310, Jintai 114, Chang 8744, Chang 6794, Chang 5222, Yunhan 137, Changmai 6197, Chang 7050, ZHM 35, Lumai 14, Heng 136		 13 0.339
9 长6990, 长6388, 长9499, ZHM 41, ZHM 45
Chang 6990, Chang 6388, Chang 9499, ZHM 41, ZHM 45		 5 0.275

Table 3

Information of different generations derived from Xiaobaimai/Yanda 1817"

衍生世代
Generation		 品种名称
Accession		 品种数
No. of
accession		 核苷酸多样性Nucleotide
diversity (π)
1 农大36, 农大183, 农大311, 农大90, 太原566, 石家庄407, 北京5号, 北京6号, 北京
7号
Nongda 36, Nongda 183, Nongda 311, Nongda 90, Taiyuan 566, Shijiazhuang 407, Beijing 5, Beijing 6, Beijing 7		 9 0.233
2 晋麦1号, 农大155, 农大166, 工农12, 渭麦4号, 科遗29, 旱选1号, 旱选2号, 旱选3号, 晋麦5号, 晋麦8号, 晋麦17, 冀麦32, 延安15, 冀麦6号, 洛农10号, 济南10号
Jinmai 1, Nongda 155, Nongda 166, Gongnong 12, Weimai 4, Keyi 29, Hanxuan 1, Hanxuan 2, Hanxuan 3, Jinmai 5, Jinmai 8, Jinmai 17, Jimai 32, Yanan 15, Jimai 6, Luonong 10, Jinan 10		 17 0.299
3 晋麦44, 晋麦16, 长治515, 东方红3号, 晋麦13, 冀麦9号, 西峰16, 沧麦6005, 北京10号, 北京13, 丰抗8号, 丰抗7号, 京农79-13, 丰抗10号, 衡水6404, 邢选1号, 晋麦29
Jinmai 44, Jinmai 16, Changzhi 515, Dongfanghong 3, Jinmai 13, Jimai 9, Xifeng 16, Cangmai 6005, Beijing 10, Beijing 13, Fengkang 8, Fengkang 7, Jingnong 79-13, Fengkang 10, Hengshui 6404, Xingxuan 1, Jinmai 29		 17 0.323
4 冀麦22, 兰天10号, 冀麦29, 晋麦18, 晋麦51, 兰天9号, 晋麦33, 农大198, 庆丰1号, 北京8694, 京冬8号
Jimai 22, Lantian 10, Jimai 29, Jinmai 18, Jinmai 51, Lantian 9, Jinmai 33, Nongda 198, Qingfeng 1, Beijing 8694, Jingdong 8		 11 0.359
5 晋麦46, 晋麦53, 晋麦92, 晋麦79, 洛旱2号, 兰天4号, 晋麦47
Jinmai 46, Jinmai 53, Jinmai 92, Jinmai 79, Luohan 2, Lantian 4, Jinmai 47		 7 0.375
6 太10604, 运旱20410, 临旱6号, 运旱22-33, 长武134, 晋麦100, 洛旱13, 晋麦63, 西峰20, 京437, ZHM 40, ZHM 42, ZHM 43, 洛旱15, 中麦36
Tai 10604, Yunhan 20410, Linhan 6, Yunhan 22-33, Changwu 134, Jinmai 100, Luohan 13, Jinmai 63, Xifeng 20, Jing 437, ZHM 40, ZHM 42, ZHM 43, Luohan 15, Zhongmai 36		 15 0.304
7 陇育5号, 长4640, 晋太170, 长6878, 长6154, 长6452, 晋麦87, 长7016, 中麦175
Longyu 5, Chang 4640, Jintai 170, Chang 6878, Chang 6154, Chang 6452, Jinmai 87, Chang 7016, Zhongmai 175		 9 0.306
8 宁冬16, 晋太1310, 晋太114, 长8744, 长6794, 长5222, 运旱137, 长麦6197, 长7050, ZHM 35
Ningdong 16, Jintai 1310, Jintai 114, Chang 8744, Chang 6794, Chang 5222, Yunhan 137, Changmai 6197, Chang 7050, ZHM 35		 10 0.329
9 长6990, 长6388, 长9499, ZHM 41, ZHM 45, 鲁麦14
Chang 6990, Chang 6388, Chang 9499, ZHM 41, ZHM 45, Lumai 14		 6 0.259
10 ZHM 44 ZHM 44 1

Fig. 3

Cluster analysis of 149 accessions based on the polymorphic SNP The black fonts indicate Mazhamai and Xiaobaimai/Yanda 1817. The purple fonts indicate the derivative varieties (lines) of Mazhamai. The red fonts indicate the derivative varieties (lines) of Xiaobaimai. The blue fonts indicate derivative varieties (lines) with both kinship of Mazhamai and Xiaobaimai. The green fonts indicate commercial varieties."

Table 4

Released eras of accessions in each subgroup"

育成年代
Released era		 亚群I
Subgroup I		 亚群II
Subgroup II		 亚群III
Subgroup III		 亚群IV
Subgroup IV		 亚群V
Subgroup V
Pre-1960 11 — — 1 —
1960s 11 6 7 2 —
1970s 6 6 6 — 1
1980s 3 3 6 1 —
1990s 6 2 7 2 2
2000s 1 — 2 17 15
2010s 1 2 2 9 11
合计Total 39 19 30 32 29

Table 5

Geographical distribution of accessions in each subgroup"

来源
Origin		 亚群I
Subgroup I		 亚群II
Subgroup II		 亚群III
Subgroup III		 亚群IV
Subgroup IV		 亚群V
Subgroup V
山西Shanxi 17 — 7 15 9
陕西Shaanxi 7 1 3 4 2
河北Hebei 5 1 3 4 1
河南Henan — 1 — 4 7
北京Beijing 7 8 12 5 4
甘肃Gansu 1 4 5 — —
江苏Jiangsu 1 — — — 1
山东Shandong 1 3 — — 5
宁夏Ningxia — 1 — — —
合计Total 39 19 30 32 29

Table 6

Genetic similarities among Mazhamai, Xiaobaimai, and Yanda 1817"

品种
Accession		 D1 (岐山蚂蚱麦)
Mazhamai of Qishan		 D2 (武功蚂蚱麦)
Mazhamai of Wugong		 D3 (扶风蚂蚱麦)
Mazhamai of Fufeng		 D4 (冠县蚂蚱麦)
Mazhamai of Guanxian		 D5 (小白麦)
Xiaobaimai
D2 (武功蚂蚱麦)
Mazhamai of Wugong		 0.747
D3 (扶风蚂蚱麦)
Mazhamai of Fufeng		 0.889 0.802
D4 (冠县蚂蚱麦)
Mazhamai of Guanxian		 0.738 0.849 0.787
D5 (小白麦)
Xiaobaimai		 0.798 0.663 0.636 0.628
D7 (燕大1817)
Yanda 1817		 0.799 0.664 0.635 0.628 0.989
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