Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica，

Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 1137-1145.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84159

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS •     Next Articles

Flowering genes in oilseed rape: identification, characterization, evolutionary and expression analysis

WANG Yan-Hua1,2,XIE Ling1,2,YANG Bo1,2,CAO Yan-Ru1,2,LI Jia-Na1,2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing 400715, China
    2 Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2018-11-16 Accepted:2019-04-15 Online:2019-08-12 Published:2019-07-16
  • Contact: Jia-Na LI E-mail:ljn1950@swu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Special Project of Chongqing People’s Livelihood Project(cstc2016shms-ztzx80020);the Project of Intellectual Base for Discipline Innovation in Colleges and Universities (“111” Project)(B12006)

RichHTML354

83

PDF

849

Abstract:

Flowering is a prerequisite for successful sexual reproduction. Controlling of flowering time is important for crop production in different geographical regions. However, few information regarding flowering genes or their evolution at genome-wide level in Brassica napus has been reported. In this study, identification, characterization, evolutionary and expression analysis of flowering genes in oilseed rape were performed. In total, 1173 flowering-related genes classified into nine types and distributed unevenly on the chromosomes were identified at the genome level of Brassica napus. Compared with Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 20) and Brassica oleraca (CC, 2n = 18), B. napus (AACC, 2n = 38) showed significantly enlarge number of flowering-related genes due to natural hybridization and chromosome doubling. Selective pressure analysis showed that the autonomous pathway genes had less selection pressure than the genes involved in sugar metabolic pathway, suggesting that some key flowering-related genes are relatively conserved between B. napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. The present study provides more information on the B. napus flowering pathways and sheds light on the evolutionary relationship of flowering-related genes between B. napus and A. thaliana.

Key words: Brassica napus, flowering genes, evolution, regulatory pathway, expression analysis

Fig. 1

Identification and classification of flowering-related genes in B. napus Ag: aging pathway; At: ambient temperature; Au: autonomous pathway; Cp: clock and photoperiod, pathway; Fd: flower development and apical meristem response pathway; Ft: flowering time integrator; Ho: hormones pathway; Su: sugar signal; Ve: vernalization."

Fig. 2

Distribution of flowering genes on B. napus chromosomes"

Fig. 3

Diverse flowering genes sets in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea, and Brassica rapa 缩写同图1。Abbreviation are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 4

Direction and magnitude of natural selection acting on different flowering gene sets 缩写同图1。Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 5

Heatmap of B. napus flowering gene expression profiles 缩写同图1。Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

[1] Srikanth A, Schmid M . Regulation of flowering time: all roads lead to Rome. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2011,68:2013-2037.
doi: 10.1007/s00018-011-0673-y
[2] Koornneef M, Alonso B C, Peeters A J M, Soppe W . Genetic control of flowering time in Arabidopsis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1998,49:345-370.
doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.345
[3] Bouche F, Lobet G, Tocquin P, Perilleux C . FLOR-ID: an interactive database of flowering-time gene networks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucl Acids Res, 2016,44:1167-1171.
[4] Blumel M, Dally N, Jung C . Flowering time regulation in crops-what did we learn from Arabidopsis?. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 2015,32:121-129.
doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.023
[5] Fornara F, de Montaigu A, Coupland G . SnapShot: control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Cell, 2010,141:550-550.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.024
[6] Peng F Y, Hu Z, Yang R C . Genome-wide comparative analysis of flowering-related genes in Arabidopsis, wheat, and barley. Int J Plant Genomics, 2015,15:1-17.
[7] Raman H, Raman R, Coombes N, Song J, Prangnell R, Bandaranayake C, Tahira R, Sundaramoorthi V, Killian A, Meng J, Dennis E S, Balasubramanian S . Genome-wide association analyses reveal complex genetic architecture underlying natural variation for flowering time in canola. Plant Cell Environ, 2016,39:1228-1239.
doi: 10.1111/pce.12644
[8] Xu L, Hu K, Zhang Z, Guan C, Chen S, Hua W, Li J, Wen J, Yi B, Shen J, Ma C, Tu J, Fu T . Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic architecture of flowering time in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). DNA Res, 2016,23:43-52.
[9] Wang J, Qiu Y, Cheng F, Chen X, Zhang X, Wang H, Song J, Duan M, Yang H, Li X . Genome-wide identification, characterization, and evolutionary analysis of flowering genes in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). BMC Genomics, 2017,18:981, doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-4377-z.
[10] Yang Z . PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol Biol Evol, 2007,24:1586-1591.
doi: 10.1093/molbev/msm088
[11] Liang Y, Wan N, Cheng Z, Mo Y, Liu B, Liu H, Raboanatahiry N, Yin Y, Li M . Whole-genome identification and expression pattern of the vicinal oxygen chelate family in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Front Plant Sci, 2017,8:745, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00745.
[12] Trapnell C, Roberts A, Goff L, Pertea G, Kim D, Kelley D R, Pimentel H, Salzberg S L, Rinn J L, Pachter L . Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks. Nat Protoc, 2012,7:562-578.
doi: 10.1038/nprot.2012.016
[13] Kim D, Pertea G, Trapnell C, Pimentel H, Kelley R, Salzberg S L . TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions. Genome Biol, 2013,14:R36.
doi: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-4-r36
[14] Song Y H, Ito S, Imaizumi T . Flowering time regulation: photoperiod- and temperature-sensing in leaves. Trends Plant Sci, 2013,18:575-583.
doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.05.003
[15] Wenkel S, Turck F, Singer K, Gissot L, Le Gourrierec J, Samach A, Coupland G . CONSTANS and the CCAAT box binding complex share a functionally important domain and interact to regulate flowering of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2006,18:2971-2984.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.106.043299
[16] Dong M A, Farre E M, Thomashow M F . Circadian clock-associated 1 and late elongated hypocotyl regulate expression of the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) pathway in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011,108:7241-7246.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103741108
[17] Sawa M, Kay S A . GIGANTEA directly activates flowering locus T in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011,108:11698-11703.
[18] Nagel D H, Doherty C J, Pruneda P J L, Schmitz R J, Ecker J R, Kay S A . Genome-wide identification of CCA1 targets uncovers an expanded clock network in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015,112:4802-4810.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1513609112
[19] Baudry A, Ito S, Song Y H, Strait A A, Kiba T, Lu S, Henriques R, Pruneda P J L, Chua N H, Tobin E M, Kay S A, Imaizumi T . F-box proteins FKF1 and LKP2 act in concert with ZEITLUPE to control Arabidopsis clock progression. Plant Cell, 2010,22:606-622.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.109.072843
[20] Lou P, Wu J, Cheng F, Cressman L G, Wang X , McClung C R. Preferential retention of circadian clock genes during diploidization following whole genome triplication in Brassica rapa. Plant Cell, 2012,24:2415-2426.
[21] Johanson U, West J, Lister C, Michaels S, Amasino R, Dean C . Molecular analysis of FRIGIDA, a major determinant of natural variation in Arabidopsis flowering time. Science, 2000,290:344-347.
doi: 10.1126/science.290.5490.344
[22] Noh B, Lee S H, Kim H J, Yi G, Shin E A, Lee M, Jung K J, Doyle M R, Amasino R M, Noh Y S . Divergent roles of a pair of homologous jumonji/zinc-finger-class transcription factor proteins in the regulation of Arabidopsis flowering time. Plant Cell, 2004,16:2601-2613.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.104.025353
[23] Simpson G G . The autonomous pathway: epigenetic and post- transcriptional gene regulation in the control of Arabidopsis flowering time. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2004,7:570-574.
doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2004.07.002
[24] Parcy F . Flowering: a time for integration. Int J Dev Biol, 2005,49:585-593.
doi: 10.1387/ijdb.041930fp
[25] Kim S, Soltis P S, Wall K, Soltis D E . Phylogeny and domain evolution in the APETALA2-like gene family. Mol Biol Evol, 2006,23:107-120.
doi: 10.1093/molbev/msj014
[26] Mitchum M G, Yamaguchi S, Hanada A, Kuwahara A, Yoshioka Y, Kato T, Tabata S, Kamiya Y, Sun T P . Distinct and overlapping roles of two gibberellin 3-oxidases in Arabidopsis development. Plant J, 2006,45:804-818.
doi: 10.1111/tpj.2006.45.issue-5
[27] Ariizumi T, Murase K, Sun T P, Steber C M . Proteolysis- independent downregulation of DELLA repression in Arabidopsis by the gibberellin receptor GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1. Plant Cell, 2008,20:2447-2459.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.058487
[28] Achard P, Vriezen W H, Van D S D, Harberd N P . Ethylene regulates arabidopsis development via the modulation of DELLA protein growth repressor function. Plant Cell, 2003,15:2816-2825.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.015685
[29] Samach A, Wigge P A . Ambient temperature perception in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2005,8:483-486.
doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.07.011
[30] Thines B C, Youn Y, Duarte M I, Harmon F G . The time of day effects of warm temperature on flowering time involve PIF4 and PIF5. J Exp Bot, 2014,65:1141-1151.
doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert487
[31] Lee J H, Yoo S J, Park S H, Hwang I, Lee J S, Ahn J H . Role of SVP in the control of flowering time by ambient temperature in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev, 2007,21:397-402.
doi: 10.1101/gad.1518407
[32] Yan Y, Shen L, Chen Y, Bao S, Thong Z, Yu H . A MYB-domain protein EFM mediates flowering responses to environmental cues in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell, 2014,30:437-448.
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.004
[33] Paul M J, Primavesi L F, Jhurreea D, Zhang Y . Trehalose metabolism and signaling. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2008,59:417-441.
doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092945
[34] Dalchau N, Baek S J, Briggs H M, Robertson F C, Dodd A N, Gardner M J, Stancombe M A, Haydon M J, Stan G B, Goncalves J M, Webb A A . The circadian oscillator gene GIGANTEA mediates a long-term response of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock to sucrose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011,108:5104-5109.
[35] Wahl V, Ponnu J, Schlereth A, Arrivault S, Langenecker T, Franke A, Feil R, Lunn J E, Stitt M, Schmid M . Regulation of flowering by trehalose-6-phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Science, 2013,339:704-707.
[36] Seo P J, Ryu J, Kang S K, Park C M . Modulation of sugar metabolism by an INDETERMINATE DOMAIN transcription factor contributes to photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant J, 2011,65:418-429.
doi: 10.1111/tpj.2011.65.issue-3
[37] Jung J H, Seo Y H, Seo P J, Reyes J L, Yun J, Chua N H, Park C M . The GIGANTEA-regulated microRNA172 mediates photoperiodic flowering independent of CONSTANS in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2007,19:2736-2748.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.107.054528
[38] Mathieu J, Yant L J, Murdter F, Kuttner F, Schmid M . Repression of flowering by the miR172 target SMZ. PLoS Biol, 2009,7:e1000148.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000148
[39] Wang J W, Czech B , Weigel D. miR156-regulated SPL transcription factors define an endogenous flowering pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell, 2009,138:738-749.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.014
[40] Matsoukas I G, Massiah A J, Thomas B . Starch metabolism and antiflorigenic signals modulate the juvenile-to-adult phase transition in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ, 2013,36:1802-1811.
doi: 10.1111/pce.2013.36.issue-10
[41] Wang X, Wang H, Wang J, Sun R, Wu J, Liu S, Bai Y, Mun J H, Bancroft I, Cheng F, Huang S, Li X, Hua W, Wang J, Wang X, Freeling M, Pires J C, Paterson A H, Chalhoub B, Wang B, Hayward A, Sharpe A G, Park B S, Weisshaar B, Liu B, Li B, Liu B, Tong C, Song C, Duran C, Peng C, Geng C, Koh C, Lin C, Edwards D, Mu D, Shen D, Soumpourou E, Li F, Fraser F, Conant G, Lassalle G, King G J, Bonnema G, Tang H, Wang H, Belcram H, Zhou H, Hirakawa H, Abe H, Guo H, Wang H, Jin H, Parkin I A, Batley J, Kim J S, Just J, Li J, Xu J, Deng J, Kim J A, Li J, Yu J, Meng J, Wang J, Min J, Poulain J, Wang J, Hatakeyama K, Wu K, Wang L, Fang L, Trick M, Links M G, Zhao M, Jin M, Ramchiary N, Drou N, Berkman P J, Cai Q, Huang Q, Li R, Tabata S, Cheng S, Zhang S, Zhang S, Huang S, Sato S, Sun S, Kwon S J, Choi S R, Lee T H, Fan W, Zhao X, Tan X, Xu X, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Yin Y, Li Y, Du Y, Liao Y, Lim Y, Narusaka Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Xiong Z, Zhang Z , Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project C. The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa. Nat Genet, 2011,43:1035-1039.
[42] Chalhoub B, Denoeud F, Liu S, Parkin I A, Tang H, Wang X, Chiquet J, Belcram H, Tong C, Samans B, Correa M, Da S C, Just J, Falentin C, Koh C S, Le C I, Bernard M, Bento P, Noel B, Labadie K, Alberti A, Charles M, Arnaud D, Guo H, Daviaud C, Alamery S, Jabbari K, Zhao M, Edger P P, Chelaifa H, Tack D, Lassalle G, Mestiri I, Schnel N, Le P M C, Fan G, Renault V, Bayer P E, Golicz A A, Manoli S, Lee T H, Thi V H, Chalabi S, Hu Q, Fan C, Tollenaere R, Lu Y, Battail C, Shen J, Sidebottom C H, Wang X, Canaguier A, Chauveau A, Berard A, Deniot G, Guan M, Liu Z, Sun F, Lim Y P, Lyons E, Town C D, Bancroft I, Wang X, Meng J, Ma J, Pires J C, King G J, Brunel D, Delourme R, Renard M, Aury J M, Adams K L, Batley J, Snowdon R J, Tost J, Edwards D, Zhou Y, Hua W, Sharpe A G, Paterson A H, Guan C, Wincker P . Early allopolyploid evolution in the post-Neolithic Brassica napus oilseed genome. Science, 2014,345:950-953.
[43] Liu S, Liu Y, Yang X, Tong C, Edwards D, Parkin I A, Zhao M, Ma J, Yu J, Huang S, Wang X, Wang J, Lu K, Fang Z, Bancroft I, Yang T J, Hu Q, Wang X, Yue Z, Li H, Yang L, Wu J, Zhou Q, Wang W, King G J, Pires J C, Lu C, Wu Z, Sampath P, Wang Z, Guo H, Pan S, Yang L, Min J, Zhang D, Jin D, Li W, Belcram H, Tu J, Guan M, Qi C, Du D, Li J, Jiang L, Batley J, Sharpe A G, Park B S, Ruperao P, Cheng F, Waminal N E, Huang Y, Dong C, Wang L, Li J, Hu Z, Zhuang M, Huang Y, Huang J, Shi J, Mei D, Liu J, Lee T H, Wang J, Jin H, Li Z, Li X, Zhang J, Xiao L, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Qin R, Tang X, Liu W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lee J, Kim H H, Denoeud F, Xu X, Liang X, Hua W, Wang X, Wang J, Chalhoub B, Paterson A H . The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes. Nat Commun, 2014,5:3930, doi: 10.1038/ncomms4930.
[44] Fujiwara S, Oda A, Yoshida R, Niinuma K, Miyata K, Tomozoe Y, Tajima T, Nakagawa M, Hayashi K, Coupland G, Mizoguchi T . Circadian clock proteins LHY and CCA1 regulate SVP protein accumulation to control flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2008,20:2960-2971.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.061531
[45] Ding Z, Millar A J, Davis A M, Davis S J . TIME FOR COFFEE encodes a nuclear regulator in the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock. Plant Cell, 2007,19:1522-1536.
[46] Tao Z, Shen L, Liu C, Liu L, Yan Y, Yu H . Genome-wide identification of SOC1 and SVP targets during the floral transition in Arabidopsis. Plant J, 2012,70:549-561.
doi: 10.1111/tpj.2012.70.issue-4
[47] Wigge P A, Kim M C, Jaeger K E, Busch W, Schmid M, Lohmann J U, Weigel D . Integration of spatial and temporal information during floral induction in Arabidopsis. Science, 2005,309:1056-1059.
doi: 10.1126/science.1114358
[48] Lee H, Suh S S, Park E, Cho E, Ahn J H, Kim S G, Lee J S, Kwon Y M, Lee I . The AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 MADS domain protein integrates floral inductive pathways in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev, 2000,14:2366-2376.
doi: 10.1101/gad.813600
[49] Liu C, Xi W, Shen L, Tan C, Yu H . Regulation of floral patterning by flowering time genes. Dev Cell, 2009,16:711-722.
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.03.011
[1] Zuo Tong-Hong, Zhang He-Cui, Zeng Jing, Zhu Li-Quan. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of BoPUB3L associated with self-incompatibility in Brasscia oleracea [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1698-1710.
[2] Hu Zhao, Qian Run, Xie Feng-Pu, Ying Su-Ping. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the SPX gene family in rice under phosphorus treatment [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1902-1912.
[3] Tian Li-Tao, Ding Ning, Wang Shu-Lin, Qi En-Fang, Zhang Rong, Wang Rui-Rui, Ma Li-Wen, Li Jian-Wu, Yang Jiang-Wei. Genome-wide identification of the Argonaute gene family and its induction by late blight in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(4): 1116-1126.
[4] Wang Chu-Rui, Li Kai-Xiang, Zhao Zhi, Xiao Lu, Tang Guo-Yong, Zhao Zhi-Gang, Xu Liang, Du De-Zhi, Liu Hai-Dong. Development and application of KASP markers for functional sites of the early flowering gene BnCRY2 in Brassica napus L. spring rapeseed [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 708-721.
[5] Yang Zong-Tao, Yang Ting, Wang Yu-Tong, Ai Jing, Li Yan-Ye, Liu Jia-Yong, Deng Jun, Zhao Yong, Zhang Yue-Bin. Identification and expression analysis of the CLC gene family in sugarcane [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 722-734.
[6] Meng Cheng, Wang Zhe. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the ZmPFK gene family under biotic and abiotic stresses in maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(3): 764-779.
[7] Zhang Li-Lan, Yang Jun, Wang Rang-Jian. Identification of candidate genes related to glycoside aroma precursor content in tea plant using WGCNA [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(2): 494-513.
[8] Ma Yi-Na, Wu Xiao-Ming-Yu, Li Ou-Qi, Wang Yuan, Chen Li, Zhang Ying-Chuan, Zhao Lun, Wen Jing, Fu Ting-Dong, Shen Jin-Xiong. Functional analysis of the Bna-miR1040-EIF3A module in regulating flowering time in rapeseed (Brassica napus) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(2): 349-362.
[9] Lou Hong-Xiang, Xing Ren-Peng, Wang Bo, Wang Jing, Xu Zheng-Hua, Zhao Jie, Kuai Jie, Zhou Guang-Sheng. Effects of sowing date on the utilization efficiency of light and temperature resources and yield in Brassica napus in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(2): 539-551.
[10] WANG Bin, MENG Jiang-Yu, QIU Hao-Liang, HE Ya-Jun, QIAN Wei. Identification and expression pattern analysis of the BnaDUF579 gene family in Brassica napus [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2100-2110.
[11] GUO Teng-Da, CUI Meng-Jie, CHEN Lin-Jie, HAN Suo-Yi, GUO Jing-Kun, WU Chen-Di, FU Liu-Yang, HUANG Bing-Yan, DONG Wen-Zhao, ZHANG Xin-You. Cloning and expression analysis of the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein AhSFH gene in peanuts responsive to Aspergillus flavus infection [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1489-1500.
[12] XIA Qi, GUO Ying, WANG Kun-Mei, WANG Si-Yi, JU Jian-Ye, PENG Ya-Wen, LIU Zhong-Song, XIA Shi-Tou. Correlation between salicylic acid and anthocyanins accumulation in seeds of different varieties in Brassica napus [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1189-1197.
[13] ZHOU En-Qiang, MIAO Ya-Mei, ZHOU Yao, YAO Meng-Nan, ZHAO Na, WANG Yong-Qiang, ZHU Yu-Xiang, XUE Dong, LI Zong-Di, SHI Yu-Xin, LI Bo, WANG Kai-Hua, GU Chun-Yan, WANG Xue-Jun, WEI Li-Bin. Analysis of bZIP gene family and identification of seed development candidate genes in pea based on seed development transcriptome [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(4): 914-931.
[14] PAN Ju-Zhong, WEI Ping, ZHU De-Ping, SHAO Sheng-Xue, CHEN Shan-Shan, WEI Ya-Qian, GAO Wei-Wei. Cloning and functional analysis of OsERF104 transcription factor in rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(4): 900-913.
[15] ZHANG Qin, DAI Cheng, MA Chao-Zhi. Auxin response reporter gene transformation of Brassica napus and dynamic signal analysis of GUS in different tissues [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(3): 667-675.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Add: No. 80 Xueyuan South Rd, Beijing 100081, P. R. China E-mail: zwxb301@caas.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd