全生物降解地膜覆盖对旱地土壤水分状况及春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.01040

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological effect of full biodegradable film mulching and its effect on the production of spring wheat, and to seek a green, efficient and sustainable coverage in the semi-arid area of the Northwest Loess Plateau. Taking the uncovered land as the control (CK), to systematically studied the effects of full biodegradable film mulching (BM) and the polyethylene film mulching (PM) with bunch planting on soil water status, rain fallow efficiency and its impact on yield and water use efficiency of dryland spring wheat from 2015 to 2018. The results showed that both BM and PM significantly increased the water storage of 0-200 cm soil layer and rain fallow efficiency in each growth period of spring wheat, but there was not significant differences between BM and PM. From 2015 to 2018, the water storage of BM increased by 9.5 mm, 14.2 mm, 25.0 mm, and 39.0 mm respectively compared with CK. In the fourth year of continuous cropping, the water storage of PM, BM and CK 0-200 cm soil layers were 347.5 mm, 345.5 mm and 320.0 mm, respectively. Compared with CK, the rain fallow efficiency of BM and PM increased by 39.63% and 43.98%, respectively, which effectively alleviated the risk of spring drought in the next season. BM was similar to PM in seedling rate, the number of productive ears and the percentage of productive spike, and significantly higher than CK. The number of BM seedlings increased by 15.87% compared with CK in dry year, the number of productive ears increased by 14.70% on average in other years except 2015, and the percentage of productive spike increased by 3.08% on average in four years. The total amount of dry matter accumulation of BM was basically the same as PM, and before anthesis was slightly lower than PM, but higher than PM after anthesis, which was more conducive to grain filling and yield formation, and the amount of dry matter accumulation of both BM and PM are significantly higher than CK in each growth period. The annual average water consumption of PM, BM and CK was 287.46 mm, 289.76 mm, and 276.06 mm, respectively, and compared with PM, BM increased the evaporation water consumption. Compared with CK, the grain yield of BM and PM increased 48.07% and 54.95% respectively, and water use efficiency increased 46.08% and 56.07% in four years, there was not significant differences between BM and PM. There was not significant differences in soil water effect and yield effect between the full biodegradable film and PE film, and the full biodegradable film can be applied to the whole field soil-plastic mulching with bunch planting of spring wheat in dry land and provide technical support for the green and efficient production of wheat in dry land.

Key words: full biodegradable film, dryland spring wheat, effect of soil moisture, grain yield, water use efficiency.

Ming-Sheng MA, Xian-Shi GUO, Yan-Lan LIU. Effects of full biodegradable film on soil water status and yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in dryland[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(12): 1933-1944.

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References 35

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	播种量 Sowing amount (kg hm^-2)	出苗株数 Number of wheat seedlings (×10^-5 hm^-2)	成熟期有效穗数 Productive ear at maturity stage (×10^-5 hm^-2)	成穗率 Percentage of productive spike (%)
2015	PM	195.0	41.67±2.15 a	29.87±1.33 a	71.68
	BM	195.0	41.53±2.94 a	29.53±2.02 a	71.11
	CK	195.0	38.97±1.68 a	27.53±0.82 a	70.64
2016	PM	195.0	39.23±1.91 a	26.20±1.13 a	66.79
	BM	195.0	38.77±2.08 a	25.87±1.23 a	66.73
	CK	195.0	33.73±1.54 b	21.53±0.92 b	63.83
2017	PM	195.0	40.50±2.05 a	26.23±1.21 a	64.77
	BM	195.0	40.67±2.05 a	26.40±1.42 a	64.91
	CK	195.0	34.83±2.13 b	21.60±1.36 b	62.03
2018	PM	195.0	41.23±1.84 a	30.17±1.51 a	73.17
	BM	195.0	41.17±1.07 a	30.10±0.86 a	73.11
	CK	195.0	38.43±0.57 a	27.33±0.82 b	71.12

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Flowering stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Harvest stage
2015	PM	715.34±17.46 a	2419.64±49.81 a	8536.79±360.22 a	10,831.42±353.42 a	13,352.46±112.29 a
	BM	715.70±16.73 a	2400.43±49.26 a	7817.33±201.88 b	10,181.77±234.18 b	13,016.89±240.55 a
	CK	372.81±23.88 b	1348.36±64.35 b	5680.53±240.74 c	7378.32±168.80 c	9407.36±362.83 b
2016	PM	636.83±17.64 a	2224.34±40.13 a	6614.18±358.13 a	8010.77±280.65 a	9245.20±200.45 a
	BM	604.81±23.90 a	2100.04±38.16 a	6095.94±149.56 a	7554.98±224.34 a	8923.56±204.47 a
	CK	256.35±8.26 b	991.66±20.79 b	3452.83±213.48 b	4644.62±161.13 b	5555.33±133.42 b
2017	PM	634.50±22.51 a	2161.35±24.82 a	6477.30±255.34 a	7757.10±203.48 a	8737.20±305.88 a
	BM	599.20±13.83 a	2093.15±38.20 a	6011.03±282.00 a	7445.32±248.55 a	8588.15±338.93 a
	CK	229.88±13.03 b	960.15±18.50 b	3426.11±65.74 b	4609.17±108.12 b	5390.52±65.49 b
2018	PM	713.28±15.43 a	2367.98±54.73 a	7800.72±340.54 a	9954.30±106.05 a	11,931.96±122.35 a
	BM	708.12±23.53 a	2298.66±37.78 a	6891.86±167.84 b	9545.95±287.88 a	11,379.39±208.22 a
	CK	349.71±19.60 b	1279.72±43.93 b	5371.23±104.23 c	7067.28±65.74 b	8104.89±415.20 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	播前土壤贮水量Soil water storage before sowing (mm)	收后土壤贮水量 Soil water storage after harvesting (mm)	生育期降雨量 Rainfall during the growth period (mm)	耗水量 Evapotranspiration (mm)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^?2)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg hm^?2 mm^?1)
2015	PM	413.67±4.03	244.73±8.22 a	205.8	374.74±12.20 a	4481.53±75.95 a	11.96±0.19 a
	BM	413.67±4.03	245.90±5.41 a	205.8	373.57±9.43 a	4472.60±50.17 a	11.98±0.22 a
	CK	413.67±4.03	240.15±4.55 a	205.8	379.33±8.43 a	3655.71±85.07 b	9.64±0.09 b
2016	PM	282.23±5.38 a	240.09±6.67 a	165.8	207.94±3.00 a	2149.33±71.32 a	10.34±0.40 a
	BM	286.22±7.38 a	238.36±4.04 a	165.8	213.66±3.35 a	1852.50±66.31 b	8.67±0.37 b
	CK	267.40±5.02 b	218.32±6.77 b	165.8	214.88±3.47 a	1147.12±52.67 c	5.34±0.17 c
2017	PM	334.87±5.93 a	242.04±5.63 a	142.6	235.43±0.86 a	2043.13±84.99 a	8.68±0.34 a
	BM	343.93±6.24 a	236.69±7.52 a	142.6	240.84±6.63 a	1952.12±49.69 a	8.11±0.08 a
	CK	287.74±5.81 b	221.86±6.80 b	142.6	208.49±2.18 b	1065.61±48.42 b	5.11±0.24 b
2018	PM	362.61±6.72 a	347.49±6.09 a	316.6	331.73±6.44 a	3203.14±74.13 a	9.66±0.05 a
	BM	359.83±6.72 a	345.46±6.33 a	316.6	330.97±5.67 a	3072.68±65.06 a	9.28±0.16 a
	CK	304.93±7.52 b	319.98±6.78 b	316.6	301.55±6.68 b	1796.81±71.37 b	5.96±0.23 b

Effects of full biodegradable film on soil water status and yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in dryland

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