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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1923-1932.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.04071

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION?PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Productivity evaluation of crop rotation in cold and arid region of Northern China

Zhao-Lei YAO1(), Ji-Zong ZHANG1,2, Yu-Qiong DU1, Yu-Hua LIU1,2, Li-Feng ZHANG1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
    2Zhangbei Agricultural Resource and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhangjiakou 076450, Hebei, China
  • Received:2020-03-18 Accepted:2020-07-02 Online:2020-08-18 Published:2020-11-25
  • Contact: Li-Feng ZHANG E-mail:1273990544@qq.com;zlf@hebau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503120);Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(18227004D)

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Abstract:

To understand mechanisms of crop adaptability to various previous crop croppings, evaluate crop performance on the croppings, and identify suitable crop combinations for rotation of major crops in the cold and arid region of Northern China. A five-year field experiment was conducted using five crops from 2015 to 2019, including potato (Solanum tuberosum), faba bean (Vicia faba), forage maize (Zea mays), oat (Avena sativa), and beet (Beta vulgarwas). Yields of potato, oat, and beet in rotation were 1.30-1.68, 1.28-1.48, and 1.25-1.48 times of those in continuous cropping of single crops, respectively. Yield of faba bean on beet cropping was 10.58% lower than that of continuous faba bean while yield of forage maize on oat or beet stubble was 9.10%-15.42% lower than that of continuous forage maize. The LERr of 10 crop combinations was 1.09-1.68, indicating positive effects of rotation. Combinations of oat → potato, beet → potato, forage maize → potato and faba bean → potato had higher LERr, indicating faba bean and forage maize might be more durable of continuous cropping. In terms of productivity, suitable crop combinations for rotation in the area were oat → potato, beet → potato, forage maize → potato, faba bean → potato and oat → beet.

Key words: the cold and arid region of Northern China, crop, rotation, land equivalent ratio

Table 1

Planting pattern of experimental plot"

试验小区
Experimental plot		 年份Year 试验小区
Experimental plot		 年份Year
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
1 B P B P B 14 FB FM FB FM FB
2 O P O P O 15 P FM P FM P
3 FM P FM P FM 16 B O B O B
4 FB P FB P FB 17 O O O O O
5 P P P P P 18 FM O FM O FM
6 B FB B FB B 19 FB O FB O FB
7 O FB O FB O 20 P O P O P
8 FM FB FM FB FM 21 B B B B B
9 FB FB FB FB FB 22 O B O B O
10 P FB P FB P 23 FM B FM B FM
11 B FM B FM B 24 FB B FB B FB
12 O FM O FM O 25 P B P B P
13 FM FM FM FM FM — — — — — —

Table 2

Sowing and harvesting dates of experimental crops"

作物
Crop		 播种与收获日期 Sowing and harvesting date (month/day)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
播种
Sowing
date		 收获
Harvesting
date		 播种
Sowing
date		 收获
Harvesting
date		 播种
Sowing
date		 收获
Harvesting
date		 播种
Sowing
date		 收获
Harvesting
date		 播种
Sowing
date		 收获
Harvesting
date
马铃薯Potato 04/30 09/18 05/02 08/25 04/25 09/16 04/28 09/12 05/03 09/17
蚕豆Faba bean 05/04 08/21 05/04 08/24 05/19 08/26 05/15 09/09 05/14 09/16
饲用玉米Forage maize 05/26 09/20 05/22 08/26 05/19 09/11 05/15 09/15 05/14 09/21
莜麦Oat 05/31 09/16 05/21 09/03 05/25 09/08 05/23 09/01 05/23 09/18
甜菜Beet 05/23 10/07 05/25 10/01 05/27 10/01 05/29 10/03 05/20 09/28

Table 3

Economic yield of crops at different croppings (kg hm-2)"

作物
Crop		 年份
Year		 茬口Cropping
马铃薯茬
Potato cropping		 蚕豆茬
Faba bean cropping		 饲用玉米茬
Forage maize cropping		 莜麦茬
Oat cropping		 甜菜茬
Beet cropping
马铃薯
Potato		 2016 2163.07 4254.37 4238.45 5833.94 4308.85
2017 2801.63 3776.77 4504.18 4358.62 3416.63
2018 3592.31 5504.73 6470.60 6405.94 5898.10
2019 4711.07 5725.97 5339.61 5714.08 3615.10
平均Average 3317.02 a 4815.46 ab 5138.21 b 5578.15 b 4309.67 ab
蚕豆
Faba bean		 2016 1684.84 1775.89 3289.14 1838.42 1758.38
2017 2207.77 1540.77 1739.20 1570.79 1288.98
2018 1333.05 1435.22 1750.29 1533.71 966.93
2019 2771.22 1978.16 1858.91 1915.53 2003.43
平均Average 1999.22 a 1682.51a 2159.39a 1714.61a 1504.43a
饲用玉米
Forage maize		 2016 13,861.37 14,350.51 12,467.90 11,515.76 8099.60
2017 17,271.16 16,558.21 16,776.81 13,681.24 12,204.87
2018 19,993.85 16,922.10 16,420.76 17,487.80 16,897.30
2019 17,130.04 18,201.34 14,700.37 12,189.03 13,858.04
平均Average 17,064.11 b 16,508.04 ab 15,091.46 ab 13,718.46 ab 12,764.95 a
莜麦
Oat		 2016 3151.58 2601.30 2101.05 1950.98 2451.23
2017 2486.32 2090.49 2646.33 1525.14 1597.04
2018 2207.76 2059.03 1854.65 1148.67 1316.63
2019 2206.59 2173.76 2298.03 2162.77 3353.97
平均Average 2513.06 a 2231.15 a 2225.02 a 1696.89 a 2179.72 a
甜菜
Beet		 2016 12173.89 10865.77 9355.20 9456.63 8393.31
2017 11,378.05 9843.94 11,423.90 9293.52 7019.03
2018 9471.98 9519.76 9543.03 8795.43 6151.40
2019 11,485.23 10,670.61 9484.93 10,160.39 8583.51
平均Average 11,127.29 c 10,225.02 bc 9951.77 bc 9426.49 b 7536.81 a

Fig. 1

Disease index of potato and beet at different croppings"

Table 4

Crop land equivalent ratio under different cropping patterns"

作物
Crop		 年份
Year		 马铃薯茬
Potato cropping		 蚕豆茬
Faba bean cropping		 饲用玉米茬
Forage maize cropping		 莜麦茬
Oat cropping		 甜菜茬
Beet cropping
作物土地
当量比
LERc		 效应Effect 作物土地当量比LERc 效应Effect 作物土地
当量比
LERc		 效应
Effect		 作物土地
当量比
LERc		 效应Effect 作物土地
当量比
LERc		 效应Effect
马铃薯 2016 1.00 0 1.97 + 1.96 + 2.70 + 1.99 +
Potato 2017 1.00 0 1.35 + 1.61 + 1.56 + 1.22 +
2018 1.00 0 1.53 + 1.80 + 1.78 + 1.64 +
2019 1.00 0 1.22 + 1.13 + 1.21 + 0.77 -
Average 1.00 a 0 1.52 ab + 1.63 ab + 1.81 b + 1.41 ab +
蚕豆 2016 0.95 - 1.00 0 1.85 + 1.04 + 0.99 -
Faba bean 2017 1.43 + 1.00 0 1.13 + 1.02 + 0.84 -
2018 0.93 - 1.00 0 1.22 + 1.07 + 0.67 -
2019 1.40 + 1.00 0 0.94 - 0.97 - 1.01 +
Average 1.18 ab + 1.00 ab 0 1.29 b + 1.03 ab + 0.88 a -
饲用玉米 2016 1.11 + 1.15 + 1.00 0 0.92 - 0.65 -
Forage 2017 1.03 + 0.99 - 1.00 0 0.82 - 0.73 -
maize 2018 1.22 + 1.03 + 1.00 0 1.06 + 1.03 +
2019 1.17 + 1.24 + 1.00 0 0.83 - 0.94 -
Average 1.13 b + 1.10 b + 1.00 ab 0 0.91 a - 0.84 a -
莜麦 2016 1.62 + 1.33 + 1.08 + 1.00 0 1.26 +
Oat 2017 1.63 + 1.37 + 1.74 + 1.00 0 1.05 +
2018 1.92 + 1.79 + 1.61 + 1.00 0 1.15 +
2019 1.02 + 1.01 + 1.06 + 1.00 0 1.55 +
Average 1.55 b + 1.38 ab + 1.37 ab + 1.00 a 0 1.25 ab +
甜菜 2016 1.45 + 1.29 + 1.11 + 1.13 + 1.00 0
Beet 2017 1.62 + 1.40 + 1.63 + 1.32 + 1.00 0
2018 1.54 + 1.55 + 1.55 + 1.43 + 1.00 0
2019 1.34 + 1.24 + 1.11 + 1.18 + 1.00 0
Average 1.49 b + 1.37 b + 1.35 b + 1.27 b + 1.00 a 0

Table 5

Crop rotation land equivalent ratio of cropping patterns"

种植模式
Cropping pattern		 年份
Year		 轮作土地当量比LERr 效应Effect 种植模式
Cropping pattern		 年份
Year		 轮作土地当量比LERr 效应Effect
连作马铃薯 2016 1.00 0 甜菜→马铃薯 2016 1.72 ++
Continuous cropping potato 2017 1.00 0 Beet→Potato 2017 1.42 ++
2018 1.00 0 2018 1.59 ++
2019 1.00 0 2019 1.06 +-
Average 1.00 a 0 Average 1.45 cd +
连作蚕豆
Continuous cropping
faba bean		 2016 1.00 0 饲用玉米→蚕豆 2016 1.50 ++
2017 1.00 0 Forage maize→Faba bean 2017 1.06 +-
2018 1.00 0 2018 1.13 ++
2019 1.00 0 2019 1.09 +-
Average 1.00 a 0 Average 1.20 abc +
连作饲用玉米
Continuous cropping
forage maize		 2016 1.00 0 莜麦→蚕豆 2016 1.19 ++
2017 1.00 0 Oat→Faba bean 2017 1.20 ++
2018 1.00 0 2018 1.43 ++
2019 1.00 0 2019 0.99 +-
Average 1.00 a 0 Average 1.20 abc +
连作莜麦 2016 1.00 0 甜菜→蚕豆 2016 1.14 +-
Continuous cropping oat 2017 1.00 0 Beet→Faba bean 2017 1.12 +-
2018 1.00 0 2018 1.11 +-
2019 1.00 0 2019 1.13 ++
Average 1.00 a 0 Average 1.13 ab +
连作甜菜 2016 1.00 0 莜麦→饲用玉米 2016 1.00 0
Continuous cropping beet 2017 1.00 0 Oat→Forage maize 2017 1.28 +-
2018 1.00 0 2018 1.34 ++
2019 1.00 0 2019 0.95 +-
Average 1.00 a 0 Average 1.14 ab +
蚕豆→马铃薯 2016 1.46 +- 甜菜→饲用玉米 2016 0.88 +-
Faba bean→Potato 2017 1.39 ++ Beet→Forage maize 2017 1.18 +-
2018 1.23 +- 2018 1.29 ++
2019 1.31 ++ 2019 1.03 +-
Average 1.35 bc + Average 1.10 ab +
饲用玉米→马铃薯 2016 1.54 ++ 甜菜→莜麦 2016 1.20 ++
Forage maize→Potato 2017 1.32 ++ Beet→Oat 2017 1.19 ++
2018 1.51 ++ 2018 1.29 ++
2019 1.15 ++ 2019 1.37 ++
Average 1.38 bc + Average 1.26 abc +
莜麦→马铃薯 2016 2.16 ++
Oat→Potato 2017 1.6 ++
2018 1.85 ++
2019 1.12 ++
Average 1.68 d +
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