品种搭配对湖北省玉米-晚稻复种产量及资源效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.03019

Abstract

Abstract:

Maize-late rice cropping (M-R) is considered to coordinate the production of food and feed crop. In recent years, M-R has begun to develop in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. However, technologies have not been systematically studied and improved for its higher yield and higher resources use efficiency. Especially, a reasonable collocation of varieties between maize and late rice seasons is an important basis to realize the yield potential of M-R, and still is under evaluation. In this study, different maize and late rice varieties were selected and collocated to different M-R modes. Their yield performance and use efficiency of resources were detected in different regions of Hubei province in 2015 and 2017. The results showed that under different heat conditions, the varieties collocation modes had significant effects on the annual yield of M-R and the production efficiency of resources. The modes of medium maturity maize-late indica rice cropping had obviously higher annual yield and resource production efficiency under higher accumulated temperature (GDD_≥10°C); on the contrary, the annual yield and resource production efficiency of the modes of early maturity maize-late indica rice cropping were higher under lower GDD_≥10°C. The utilization percentage of the annual effective GDD_≥10°C of each varieties combination mode could reach 95.6%-100.0%, and the distribution ratio of GDD_≥10°c between previous and subsequent season (TR) had a significant non-linear relationship with the relative annual yield of M-R. When the utilization percentage of GDD_≥10°C was 97.0%-98.5% and TR was 1.06-1.08, M-R could obtain highest annual yield. Therefore, suitable varieties of maize and late rice could be selected according to the local heat resource and reasonable TR. In summary, high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 125 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 140 days should be selected for the southern regions with higher GDD_≥10°C, while high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 120 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 130 days should be selected for the middle and northern regions with relatively lower GDD_≥10°C in Hubei province.

Key words: maize-rice double cropping, varieties collocation, yield, seasonal distribution of climate resources, resource production efficiency

Zhi-Hui LIU, Gao-Feng PAN, Wen CHEN, Ming-Guang QIN, Cou-Gui CAO, Chang-Long CHANG, Ming ZHAN. Effects of varieties collocation between crop seasons on the yield and resource use efficiency of maize-late rice cropping in Hubei province[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(12): 1945-1957.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Dry matter accumulation, grain yield and yield components of spring maize and late rice under different modes of varieties collocation"

试验地点 Experimental plots	种搭配模式Modes of varieties collocation		生物量Biomass (t hm^-2)			产量构成Yield components						产量Grain Yield (t hm^-2)
	玉米品种 Maize varieties	水稻品种 Rice varieties	玉米 Maize	晚稻 Late rice	周年 Annual	玉米Maize			晚稻Late rice			玉米 Maize	晚稻 Late rice	周年 Annual
	玉米品种 Maize varieties	水稻品种 Rice varieties	玉米 Maize	晚稻 Late rice	周年 Annual	EN (×10⁴ hm^-2)	GN (No.)	GW (g)	PN (×10⁴ hm^-2)	GN (No.)	GW (g)	玉米 Maize	晚稻 Late rice	周年 Annual
漳河 Zhanghe in 2015	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	18.94 a	13.72 a	31.66 ab				246.9 c	75.9 a	27.7 c	9.09 a	6.38 c	15.47 c
		天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03		12.95 b	31.89 a	7.55 a	385.4 b	300.6 a	355.4 a	61.3 b	28.6 c		6.58 c	15.67 c
		天两优953 Tianliangyou 953		13.13 ab	32.07 a				333.5 a	76.2 a	32.5 a		9.18 a	18.27 a
		黄华占Huanghuazhan		11.67 c	30.61 b				—	—	—		—	9.09 e
	汉单777 Handan 777	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	19.42 a	8.92 e	28.34 d				238.7 c	70.8 ab	27.8 c	8.74 a	5.51 d	14.25 d
		天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03		10.64 d	30.06 bc	7.28 a	491.7 a	241.4 b	287.7 b	61.3 b	30.3 b		5.89 d	14.63 d
		天两优953 Tianliangyou 953		13.36 ab	32.78 a				295.2 b	71.2 a	30.7 b		7.77 b	16.51 b
		黄华占Huanghuazhan		10.56 d	29.98 c				—	—	—		—	8.74 e
屈家岭 Qujialing in 2017	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	15.57 b	10.23 c	25.80 c	7.15 a	432.3 b	372.9 a	332.0 b	55.2 b	22.3 b	10.69 b	5.89 b	16.58 c
	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	15.57 b	13.29 a	28.86 ab	7.15 a	432.3 b	372.9 a	446.1 a	89.2 a	22.5 ab	10.69 b	6.69 a	17.38 b
	登海618 Denghai 618	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	17.38 a	10.72 c	28.10 b	7.22 a	500.9 a	344.6 b	336.8 b	64.4 b	23.0 ab	12.28 a	6.03 ab	18.31 a
	登海618 Denghai 618	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	17.38 a	12.56 b	29.54 a	7.22 a	500.9 a	344.6 b	473.5 a	79.7 a	24.3 a	12.28 a	6.51 a	18.79 a
梅家墩Meijiadun in 2017	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	14.53 b	12.13 c	26.66 d	6.68 a	365.3 b	343.6 a	310.8 b	81.6 b	29.2 a	7.86 b	6.83 c	14.69 d
	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	14.53 b	17.66 a	32.19 bc				439.7 a	100.3 a	25.0 b	7.86 b	8.00 b	15.86 c
	登海618 Denghai 618	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	18.34 a	13.64 b	31.98 c	6.82 a	479.7 a	308.1 b	317.5 b	88.3 b	27.4 a	9.87 a	8.28 b	18.15 b
	登海618 Denghai 618	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	18.34 a	17.53 a	35.87 a				397.1 a	113.8 a	25.3 b	9.87 a	9.10 a	18.97 a

Table 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 5

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试验地 Experimental plots	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg kg^-1)	可交换性钾 Exchangeable potassium (mg kg^-1)
漳河 Zhanghe	22.8	1.27	0.69	4.96	13.38	88.80
屈家岭 Qujialing	25.2	1.44	0.59	18.02	9.83	179.60
梅家墩 Meijiadun	20.59	0.65	1.51	7.67	24.86	71.75

试验地点 Experimental plots	品种搭配模式 Modes of varieties collocation		春玉米 Spring maize		晚稻 Late rice		周年生长日数 Annual growing period (d)
试验地点 Experimental plots	玉米品种 Maize varieties	水稻品种 Rice varieties	播种期-吐丝期-成熟期 Sowing-silking-maturity (month/date)	全生育期 Whole growth period (d)	播种-移栽-齐穗期-成熟期 Sowing-transplanting-heading-maturity (month/date)	本田生长期 Growth days after transplanting (d)	潜在生长天数 Potential growing days	实际生长天数 Actual growing period
漳河 Zhanghe in 2015	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	3/27-6/8-7/25	120	6/15-7/28-9/15-11/7	103	225	223
		天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03			6/15-7/28-9/7-11/5	101		221
		天两优953 Tianliangyou 953			6/15-7/28-9/7-10/28	92		212
		黄华占Huanghuazhan			6/15-7/28-9/27- immaturity	—		—
	汉单777 Handan 777	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	3/27-6/12-7/30	126	6/15-7/31-9/17-11/7	99		225
		天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03			6/15-7/31-9/8-11/5	97		223
		天两优953 Tianliangyou 953			6/15-7/31-9/8-10/28	88		214
		黄华占Huanghuazhan			6/15-7/31-10/7- immaturity	—		—
屈家岭 Qujialing in 2017	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	3/25-6/3-7/15	113	6/18-7/22-9/12-11/9	110	227	223
	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	3/25-6/3-7/15	113	6/18-7/22-9/2-11/4	105		218
	登海618 Denghai 618	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	3/25-6/10-7/22	120	6/24-7/26-9/12-11/9	106		226
	登海618 Denghai 618	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	3/25-6/10-7/22	120	6/24-7/26-9/2-11/4	101		221
梅家墩 Meijiadun in 2017	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	3/28-6/7-7/16	111	6/19-7/24-9/9-11/3	102	236	222
	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	3/28-6/7-7/16	111	6/19-7/24-8/30-10/25	92		203
	登海618 Denghai 618	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	3/28-6/11-7/20	116	6/25-7/28-9/9-11/6	100		216
	登海618 Denghai 618	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	3/28-6/11-7/20	116	6/25-7/28-8/30-10/27	90		206

试验地点 Experimental plots	种搭配模式 Modes of varieties collocation	积温生产效率 Production efficiency of AT (kg hm^-2℃^-1)			光能生产效率 Production efficiency of radiation (g hm^-2 MJ^-1)			降水生产效率 Production efficiency of precipitation (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)			氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity (kg kg^-1 N)
试验地点 Experimental plots	种搭配模式 Modes of varieties collocation	玉米 Maize	晚稻 Late rice	周年 Annual	玉米 Maize	晚稻 Late rice	周年 Annual	玉米 Maize	晚稻 Late rice	周年 Annual	玉米 Maize	晚稻 Late rice	周年 Annual
2015漳河 Zhanghe in 2015	EM-JR	6.32 a	4.64 c	5.49 c	0.43 a	0.37 b	0.41 b	19.22 a	20.64 c	19.78 c	33.68 a	30.40 c	32.24 b
	EM-IR	6.32 a	6.72 a	6.51 a	0.43 a	0.55 a	0.49 a	19.22 a	31.12 a	23.79 a	33.68 a	43.73 a	38.07 a
	MM-JR	5.71 b	4.37 c	5.09 d	0.39 b	0.35 b	0.38 c	18.48 a	18.15 c	18.35 c	32.38 a	26.25 d	29.69 c
	MM-IR	5.71 b	6.10 b	5.89 b	0.39 b	0.51 a	0.44 b	18.48 a	26.34 b	21.50 b	32.38 a	37.00 b	34.40 b
2017屈家岭 Qujialing in 2017	EM-JR	7.75 a	3.88 c	5.72 c	0.49 a	0.32 c	0.41 c	22.99 b	10.26 b	15.96 c	39.59 b	28.03 b	34.53 c
	EM-IR	7.75 a	4.47 ab	6.05 b	0.49 a	0.38 b	0.44 b	22.99 b	11.66 a	16.73 b	39.59 b	31.87 a	36.22 bc
	MM-JR	8.06 a	4.40 b	6.32 a	0.51 a	0.37 b	0.45 ab	26.35 a	10.54 b	17.64 a	45.49 a	28.71 b	38.15 ab
	MM-IR	8.06 a	4.83 a	6.54 a	0.51 a	0.42 a	0.47 a	26.35 a	11.38 a	18.10 a	45.49 a	31.02 a	39.15 a
2017梅家墩 Meijiadun in 2017	EM-JR	5.47 b	4.37 c	4.90 d	0.42 b	0.40 c	0.41 d	15.26 b	17.56 c	16.25 b	29.12 b	32.54 c	30.61 c
	EM-IR	5.47 b	5.32 b	5.39 c	0.42 b	0.52 b	0.47 c	15.26 b	20.57 b	17.54 b	29.12 b	38.11 b	33.05 b
	MM-JR	6.48 a	5.60 b	6.05 b	0.50 a	0.52 b	0.51 b	19.17 a	21.29 ab	20.08 a	36.54 a	39.41 b	37.81 a
	MM-IR	6.48 a	6.41 a	6.45 a	0.50 a	0.64 a	0.56 a	19.17 a	23.39 a	20.98 a	36.54 a	43.33 a	39.52 a

Effects of varieties collocation between crop seasons on the yield and resource use efficiency of maize-late rice cropping in Hubei province

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试验年份及地点 Experimental years and plots	作物品种 Crop variety	早熟玉米-籼稻 EM-IR	早熟玉米-粳稻 EM-JR	中熟玉米-籼稻 MM-IR	中熟玉米-粳稻 MM-JR
2015漳河 Zhanghe in 2015	春玉米品种 Varieties of spring maize	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	汉单777 Handan 777	汉单777 Handan 777
	晚稻品种 Varieties of late rice	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 黄华占 Huanghuazhan	鄂晚17 Ewan 17 天源粳036 Tianyuanjing 036	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 黄华占 Huanghuazhan	鄂晚17 Ewan 17 天源粳036 Tianyuanjing 036
2017屈家岭 Qujialing in 2017	春玉米品种 Varieties of spring maize	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	登海618 Denghai 618	登海618 Denghai 618
	晚稻品种 Varieties of late rice	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	鄂晚17 Ewan 17
2017梅家墩 Meijiadun in 2017	春玉米品种 Varieties of spring maize	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	兴垦6号 Xingken 6	登海618 Denghai 618	登海618 Denghai 618
	晚稻品种 Varieties of late rice	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	鄂晚17 Ewan 17	天两优953 Tianliangyou 953	鄂晚17 Ewan 17

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