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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1945-1957.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.03019

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of varieties collocation between crop seasons on the yield and resource use efficiency of maize-late rice cropping in Hubei province

Zhi-Hui LIU1(), Gao-Feng PAN2, Wen CHEN1, Ming-Guang QIN1, Cou-Gui CAO1, Chang-Long CHANG3, Ming ZHAN1,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang 441057, Hubei, China
    3Jingmen Soil and Fertilizer Station Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-03-24 Accepted:2020-07-02 Online:2020-08-11 Published:2020-08-11
  • Contact: Ming ZHAN E-mail:1766686187@qq.com;zhanming@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300308);Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503122)

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Abstract:

Maize-late rice cropping (M-R) is considered to coordinate the production of food and feed crop. In recent years, M-R has begun to develop in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. However, technologies have not been systematically studied and improved for its higher yield and higher resources use efficiency. Especially, a reasonable collocation of varieties between maize and late rice seasons is an important basis to realize the yield potential of M-R, and still is under evaluation. In this study, different maize and late rice varieties were selected and collocated to different M-R modes. Their yield performance and use efficiency of resources were detected in different regions of Hubei province in 2015 and 2017. The results showed that under different heat conditions, the varieties collocation modes had significant effects on the annual yield of M-R and the production efficiency of resources. The modes of medium maturity maize-late indica rice cropping had obviously higher annual yield and resource production efficiency under higher accumulated temperature (GDD≥10°C); on the contrary, the annual yield and resource production efficiency of the modes of early maturity maize-late indica rice cropping were higher under lower GDD≥10°C. The utilization percentage of the annual effective GDD≥10°C of each varieties combination mode could reach 95.6%-100.0%, and the distribution ratio of GDD≥10°c between previous and subsequent season (TR) had a significant non-linear relationship with the relative annual yield of M-R. When the utilization percentage of GDD≥10°C was 97.0%-98.5% and TR was 1.06-1.08, M-R could obtain highest annual yield. Therefore, suitable varieties of maize and late rice could be selected according to the local heat resource and reasonable TR. In summary, high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 125 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 140 days should be selected for the southern regions with higher GDD≥10°C, while high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 120 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 130 days should be selected for the middle and northern regions with relatively lower GDD≥10°C in Hubei province.

Key words: maize-rice double cropping, varieties collocation, yield, seasonal distribution of climate resources, resource production efficiency

Table 1

Basic physical and chemical properties of soil at the experimental plots"

试验地
Experimental plots		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total phosphorus
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total potassium
(g kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 可交换性钾
Exchangeable potassium
(mg kg-1)
漳河 Zhanghe 22.8 1.27 0.69 4.96 13.38 88.80
屈家岭 Qujialing 25.2 1.44 0.59 18.02 9.83 179.60
梅家墩 Meijiadun 20.59 0.65 1.51 7.67 24.86 71.75

Table 2

Selected maize and late rice varieties and their collocation modes"

试验年份及地点
Experimental years and plots		 作物品种
Crop variety		 早熟玉米-籼稻
EM-IR		 早熟玉米-粳稻
EM-JR		 中熟玉米-籼稻
MM-IR		 中熟玉米-粳稻
MM-JR
2015漳河
Zhanghe in 2015		 春玉米品种
Varieties of spring maize		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 汉单777
Handan 777		 汉单777
Handan 777
晚稻品种
Varieties of late rice		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953
黄华占
Huanghuazhan		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17
天源粳036
Tianyuanjing 036		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953
黄华占
Huanghuazhan		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17
天源粳036
Tianyuanjing 036
2017屈家岭
Qujialing in 2017		 春玉米品种
Varieties of spring maize		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 登海618
Denghai 618		 登海618
Denghai 618
晚稻品种
Varieties of late rice		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17
2017梅家墩
Meijiadun in 2017		 春玉米品种
Varieties of spring maize		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 登海618
Denghai 618		 登海618
Denghai 618
晚稻品种
Varieties of late rice		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17		 天两优953
Tianliangyou 953		 鄂晚17
Ewan 17

Table 3

Growth stage of spring maize and late rice under different modes of varieties collocation and their growing period"

试验地点
Experimental plots		 品种搭配模式
Modes of varieties collocation		 春玉米
Spring maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年生长日数
Annual growing period (d)
玉米品种
Maize varieties		 水稻品种
Rice varieties		 播种期-吐丝期-成熟期
Sowing-silking-maturity
(month/date)		 全生育期
Whole growth period (d)		 播种-移栽-齐穗期-成熟期
Sowing-transplanting-heading-maturity
(month/date)		 本田生长期
Growth days after transplanting (d)		 潜在生长天数
Potential growing days		 实际生长天数
Actual growing period
漳河
Zhanghe in 2015		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/27-6/8-7/25 120 6/15-7/28-9/15-11/7 103 225 223
天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03 6/15-7/28-9/7-11/5 101 221
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/15-7/28-9/7-10/28 92 212
黄华占Huanghuazhan 6/15-7/28-9/27- immaturity — —
汉单777
Handan 777		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/27-6/12-7/30 126 6/15-7/31-9/17-11/7 99 225
天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03 6/15-7/31-9/8-11/5 97 223
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/15-7/31-9/8-10/28 88 214
黄华占Huanghuazhan 6/15-7/31-10/7- immaturity — —
屈家岭
Qujialing in 2017		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/25-6/3-7/15 113 6/18-7/22-9/12-11/9 110 227 223
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/18-7/22-9/2-11/4 105 218
登海618
Denghai 618		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/25-6/10-7/22 120 6/24-7/26-9/12-11/9 106 226
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/24-7/26-9/2-11/4 101 221
梅家墩
Meijiadun in 2017		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/28-6/7-7/16 111 6/19-7/24-9/9-11/3 102 236 222
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/19-7/24-8/30-10/25 92 203
登海618
Denghai 618		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 3/28-6/11-7/20 116 6/25-7/28-9/9-11/6 100 216
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 6/25-7/28-8/30-10/27 90 206

Fig. 1

Dynamic variation of mean temperature (a), rainfall (b), and solar radiation (c) over ten-days and their distributions between two crops seasons during experimental period ZH: Zhanghe; QJL: Qujialing; MJD: Meijiadun; AT: averaged daily temperature; GDD: growing degree days over 10℃; P: precipitation within ten-day; AP: accumulated precipitation in crop seasons; R: solar radiation within ten-day; AR: accumulated radiation in crop seasons."

Table 4

Dry matter accumulation, grain yield and yield components of spring maize and late rice under different modes of varieties collocation"

试验地点
Experimental plots		 种搭配模式Modes of varieties collocation 生物量Biomass (t hm-2) 产量构成Yield components 产量Grain Yield (t hm-2)
玉米品种
Maize varieties		 水稻品种
Rice varieties		 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual		 玉米Maize 晚稻Late rice 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual
EN
(×104 hm-2)		 GN
(No.)		 GW
(g)		 PN
(×104 hm-2)		 GN
(No.)		 GW
(g)
漳河
Zhanghe in 2015		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 18.94 a 13.72 a 31.66 ab 246.9 c 75.9 a 27.7 c 9.09 a 6.38 c 15.47 c
天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03 12.95 b 31.89 a 7.55 a 385.4 b 300.6 a 355.4 a 61.3 b 28.6 c 6.58 c 15.67 c
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 13.13 ab 32.07 a 333.5 a 76.2 a 32.5 a 9.18 a 18.27 a
黄华占Huanghuazhan 11.67 c 30.61 b — — — — 9.09 e
汉单777
Handan 777		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 19.42 a 8.92 e 28.34 d 238.7 c 70.8 ab 27.8 c 8.74 a 5.51 d 14.25 d
天源粳036 Tianyuangeng 03 10.64 d 30.06 bc 7.28 a 491.7 a 241.4 b 287.7 b 61.3 b 30.3 b 5.89 d 14.63 d
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 13.36 ab 32.78 a 295.2 b 71.2 a 30.7 b 7.77 b 16.51 b
黄华占Huanghuazhan 10.56 d 29.98 c — — — — 8.74 e
屈家岭 Qujialing
in 2017		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 15.57 b 10.23 c 25.80 c 7.15 a 432.3 b 372.9 a 332.0 b 55.2 b 22.3 b 10.69 b 5.89 b 16.58 c
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 13.29 a 28.86 ab 446.1 a 89.2 a 22.5 ab 6.69 a 17.38 b
登海618
Denghai 618		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 17.38 a 10.72 c 28.10 b 7.22 a 500.9 a 344.6 b 336.8 b 64.4 b 23.0 ab 12.28 a 6.03 ab 18.31 a
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 12.56 b 29.54 a 473.5 a 79.7 a 24.3 a 6.51 a 18.79 a
梅家墩Meijiadun
in 2017		 兴垦6号
Xingken 6		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 14.53 b 12.13 c 26.66 d 6.68 a 365.3 b 343.6 a 310.8 b 81.6 b 29.2 a 7.86 b 6.83 c 14.69 d
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 17.66 a 32.19 bc 439.7 a 100.3 a 25.0 b 8.00 b 15.86 c
登海618
Denghai 618		 鄂晚17 Ewan 17 18.34 a 13.64 b 31.98 c 6.82 a 479.7 a 308.1 b 317.5 b 88.3 b 27.4 a 9.87 a 8.28 b 18.15 b
天两优953 Tianliangyou 953 17.53 a 35.87 a 397.1 a 113.8 a 25.3 b 9.10 a 18.97 a

Fig. 2

Effective growing degree days (GDD≥10°C) in crop growing seasons and the ratio of GDD between maize and rice season (TR) under different varieties collocation modes of maize-late rice cropping ZD: Zhengdan 958; HD: Handan 777; XK: Xingken 6; DH: Denghai 618; EW: Ewan 17; TYG: Tianyuanjing 036; TLY: Tianliangyou 953; HHZ: Huanghuazhan."

Fig. 3

Relationship of GDD ratio between two crops seasons (TR) and its percentage of the total annual GDD≥10°C (TUE) with the relative annual yield under maize-late rice cropping M-JR: maize varieties cropping with japonica rice varieties; M-IR: maize varieties cropping with indica rice varieties. * indicates significant difference at P ≤ 0.05."

Table 5

Production efficiency of resources under different modes of varieties collocation of maize-late rice cropping system"

试验地点
Experimental plots		 种搭配模式
Modes of varieties collocation		 积温生产效率
Production efficiency
of AT
(kg hm-2 ℃ -1)		 光能生产效率
Production efficiency
of radiation
(g hm -2 MJ-1)		 降水生产效率
Production efficiency
of precipitation
(kg hm-2 mm-1)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1 N)
玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual		 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual		 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual		 玉米
Maize		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual
2015漳河
Zhanghe
in 2015		 EM-JR 6.32 a 4.64 c 5.49 c 0.43 a 0.37 b 0.41 b 19.22 a 20.64 c 19.78 c 33.68 a 30.40 c 32.24 b
EM-IR 6.72 a 6.51 a 0.55 a 0.49 a 31.12 a 23.79 a 43.73 a 38.07 a
MM-JR 5.71 b 4.37 c 5.09 d 0.39 b 0.35 b 0.38 c 18.48 a 18.15 c 18.35 c 32.38 a 26.25 d 29.69 c
MM-IR 6.10 b 5.89 b 0.51 a 0.44 b 26.34 b 21.50 b 37.00 b 34.40 b
2017屈家岭
Qujialing
in 2017		 EM-JR 7.75 a 3.88 c 5.72 c 0.49 a 0.32 c 0.41 c 22.99 b 10.26 b 15.96 c 39.59 b 28.03 b 34.53 c
EM-IR 4.47 ab 6.05 b 0.38 b 0.44 b 11.66 a 16.73 b 31.87 a 36.22 bc
MM-JR 8.06 a 4.40 b 6.32 a 0.51 a 0.37 b 0.45 ab 26.35 a 10.54 b 17.64 a 45.49 a 28.71 b 38.15 ab
MM-IR 4.83 a 6.54 a 0.42 a 0.47 a 11.38 a 18.10 a 31.02 a 39.15 a
2017梅家墩
Meijiadun
in 2017		 EM-JR 5.47 b 4.37 c 4.90 d 0.42 b 0.40 c 0.41 d 15.26 b 17.56 c 16.25 b 29.12 b 32.54 c 30.61 c
EM-IR 5.32 b 5.39 c 0.52 b 0.47 c 20.57 b 17.54 b 38.11 b 33.05 b
MM-JR 6.48 a 5.60 b 6.05 b 0.50 a 0.52 b 0.51 b 19.17 a 21.29 ab 20.08 a 36.54 a 39.41 b 37.81 a
MM-IR 6.41 a 6.45 a 0.64 a 0.56 a 23.39 a 20.98 a 43.33 a 39.52 a
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