商品有机肥替代部分化肥对连作棉田土壤养分、棉花生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04279

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of commercial organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer on soil nutrients, plant development, and yield in cotton, and to assess the feasibility of achieving stable yield by reducing chemical fertilizer, thus providing theoretical basis and technical support for scientific fertilization and soil nutrient improvement in Yellow River Basin. A three-year field experiment from 2016 to 2018 was carried out using variety K836 with five treatments including no fertilizer (NF), traditional chemical fertilizer (NPK), commercial organic fertilizer (COF), traditional chemical fertilizer plus commercial organic fertilizer (NPK+COF), and traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 30% plus commercial organic fertilizer (0.70NPK+COF) by a randomized blocks design at Linqing city of Shandong province. Results showed that 0.70NPK+COF increased soil nutrients, dry matter accumulation, leaf SPAD value, and LAI at different growth stages in cotton, and compared with NF, the yields were annually increased by 9.63%, 26.18%, and 59.96% during three years. Compared with NPK, 0.70NPK+COF increased soil organic matter, but there was no significant difference in alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium contents of soil, dry matter accumulation, leaf SPAD value, LAI, yield and yield components between 0.70NPK+COF and NPK. Both 0.70NPK+COF and NPK had similar yield of 3976-4105 kg hm^-2 from 2016 to 2018; COF+NPK increased soil organic matter, LAI, and leaf SPAD value, but there was not significantly increase in yield and yield components compared with NPK and 0.70NPK+COF. In conclusion, replacing partial chemical fertilizer with commercial organic fertilizer (0.70NPK+COF) was an economic, environmental, and feasible fertilization method for increasing soil nutrients, promoting cotton growth, maintaining high and stable yield.

Key words: cotton, commercial organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer reduction, soil fertility, growth and development, yield

LU He-Quan, TANG Wei, LUO Zhen, KONG Xiang-Qiang, LI Zhen-Huai, XU Shi-Zhen, XIN Cheng-Song. Effects of commercial organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer partially on soil nutrients, plant development, and yield in cotton[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(12): 2511-2521.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Treatments and methods of fertilizer applications from 2016 to 2018"

处理 Treatment	肥料用量及施肥方式 Amounts and methods of fertilizer applications
NF	不施化肥, 也不施有机肥。No fertilizer.
NPK	基肥: 尿素(N 46%) 67.80 kg hm^-2+复合肥(16-22-6) 442.50 kg hm^-2+硫酸钾(K₂O 50%) 54.90 kg hm^-2; 见花时追肥: 尿素332.55 kg hm^-2+硫酸钾162.00 kg hm^-2。 Urea 67.80 kg hm^-2, compound fertilizer 442.50 kg hm^-2, and K₂SO₄54.90 kg hm^-2 were applied as basal fertilizer; urea 332.55 kg hm^-2, and K₂SO₄162.00 kg hm^-2 were applied as topdressing when seeing first flower.
COF	基肥: 商品有机肥(有机质50%, N 2.0%、P₂O₅1.5%、K₂O 2.5%) 1200.00 kg hm^-2。 Commercial organic fertilizer (organic matter 50%, N 2.0%, P₂O₅ 1.5%, K₂O 2.5%) 1200 kg hm^-2 were applied as basal fertilizer.
NPK+COF	基肥: 尿素(N 46%) 67.80 kg hm^-2+复合肥(16-22-6) 442.50 kg hm^-2+硫酸钾(K₂O 50%) 54.90 kg hm^-2+商品有机肥(有机质50%, N 2.0%、P₂O₅1.5%、K₂O 2.5%) 1200.00 kg hm^-2; 见花时追肥: 尿素332.55 kg hm^-2+硫酸钾162.00 kg hm^-2。 Urea (N 46%) 67.80 kg hm^-2, compound fertilizer (16-22-6) 442.50 kg hm^-2, K₂SO₄ (K₂O 50%) 54.90 kg hm^-2, and commercial organic fertilizer (organic matter 50%, N 2.0%, P₂O₅ 1.5%, K₂O 2.5%) 1200 kg hm^-2 were applied as basal fertilizer; urea 332.55 kg hm^-2 and K₂SO₄ 162.00 kg hm^-2 were applied as topdressing when seeing first flower.
0.70NPK+COF	基肥: 尿素(N 46%) 47.46 kg hm^-2+复合肥(16-22-6) 309.75 kg hm^-2+硫酸钾(K₂O 50%) 38.43 kg hm^-2+商品有机肥(有机质50%, N 2.0%、P₂O₅1.5%、K₂O 2.5%) 1200.00 kg hm^-2; 见花时追肥: 尿素232.78 kg hm^-2+硫酸钾113.40 kg hm^-2。 Urea (N 46%) 47.46 kg hm^-2, compound fertilizer (16-22-6) 309.75 kg hm^-2, K₂SO₄ (K₂O 50%) 38.43 kg hm^-2, and commercial organic fertilizer (organic matter 50%, N 2.0%, P₂O₅ 1.5%, K₂O 2.5%) 1200 kg hm^-2 were applied as basal fertilizer; urea 232.78 kg hm^-2 and K₂SO₄ 113.40 kg hm^-2 were applied as topdressing when seeing first flower.

Table 1

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Fig. 1

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg kg^-1)
2016	NF	11.14 b	36.00 b	24.71 b	103.00 b
	NPK	11.18 b	43.55 a	28.61 a	120.11 a
	COF	11.24 a	43.25 a	28.36 a	119.05 a
	NPK+COF	11.26 a	43.65 a	28.64 a	120.22 a
	0.70NPK+COF	11.23 a	43.45 a	28.55 a	120.00 a
2017	NF	11.05 c	25.71 c	22.03 c	85.20 c
	NPK	11.12 b	43.73 a	28.72 a	120.34 a
	COF	11.30 a	40.11 b	25.71 b	100.25 b
	NPK+COF	11.33 a	43.82 a	28.77 a	122.32 a
	0.70NPK+COF	11.26 ab	43.70 a	28.57 a	120.22 a
2018	NF	10.85 c	20.30 c	20.11 b	59.00 c
	NPK	11.02 ab	43.95 a	28.77 a	122.01 a
	COF	11.38 a	38.07 b	23.33 b	93.75 b
	NPK+COF	11.40 a	44.08 a	28.90 a	123.25 a
	0.70NPK+COF	11.30 a	43.88 a	28.57 a	120.22 a

处理 Treatment	叶绿素含量 SPAD value			净光合速率 P_n (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)
处理 Treatment	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
NF	51.8±1.3 b	48.6±1.4 c	43.8±2.0 c	27.1±1.4 b	25.7±1.3 c	22.2±1.1 c
NPK	55.3±2.2 a	55.2±1.5 a	55.5±1.8 a	27.7±1.2 a	28.1±1.3 a	28.1±0.9 a
COF	54.7±1.1 a	53.3±1.3 b	53.0±1.6 b	27.5±1.5 a	26.5±1.8 b	25.7±1.2 b
NPK+COF	56.0±1.8 a	56.2±1.4 a	56.3±1.5 a	28.2±1.4 a	28.3±1.5 a	29.3±1.7 a
0.70NPK+COF	55.2±1.3 a	55.3±1.8 a	55.6±1.6 a	27.5±1.3 a	28.0±1.8 a	28.2±1.4 a

处理 Treatment	2016		2017		2018
处理 Treatment	棉柴比 Seed cotton/stalk	早熟性 Earliness (%)	棉柴比 Seed cotton/stalk	早熟性 Earliness (%)	棉柴比 Seed cotton/stalk	早熟性 Earliness (%)
NF	0.66 b	94.5 a	0.62 c	95.4 a	0.50 c	95.8 a
NPK	0.70 a	92.9 b	0.72 a	93.9 b	0.72 a	91.9 b
COF	0.70 a	92.0 b	0.66 b	93.7 b	0.62 b	90.1 b
NPK+COF	0.68 b	89.4 c	0.69 b	90.4 c	0.66 b	88.6 c
0.70NPK+COF	0.71 a	92.8 b	0.73 a	94.0 b	0.75 a	91.5 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg hm^-2)	单位面积铃数 Boll density (bolls m^-2)	铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)
2016	NF	3666.55±25.27 b	65.6±5.1 b	5.80±0.31 b	38.60±1.50 b
	NPK	4020.17±22.25 a	67.8±4.3 a	5.91±0.23 a	39.81±2.03 a
	COF	4000.90±27.81 a	67.7±4.2 a	5.90±0.32 a	40.00±1.40 a
	NPK+COF	4031.30±36.57 a	68.1±3.6 a	5.99±0.42 a	40.02±1.12 a
	0.70NPK+COF	4019.81±29.82 a	67.8±4.4 a	5.90±0.30 a	40.00±1.50 a
2017	NF	3151.66±28.62 c	57.3±5.5 c	5.50±0.32 b	38.51±1.80 b
	NPK	4073.40±35.71 a	68.0±5.0 a	5.95±0.22 a	39.90±2.00 a
	COF	3756.88±32.22 b	64.3±5.1 b	5.94±0.33 a	39.92±1.61 a
	NPK+COF	4105.04±37.60 a	68.0±4.7 a	6.00±0.31 a	39.93±1.56 a
	0.70NPK+COF	3976.80±32.42 a	67.5±6.1 a	5.95±0.35 a	39.92±1.60 a
2018	NF	2495.28±25.75 c	47.8±4.0 c	5.22±0.33 b	38.50±1.84 b
	NPK	4105.25±38.00 a	68.4±5.0 a	6.06±0.25 a	40.10±1.40 a
	COF	3605.35±37.50 b	60.4±5.0 b	5.46±0.27 b	40.10±1.42 a
	NPK+COF	4152.85±34.31 a	68.3±6.5 a	6.08±0.27 a	40.10±1.35 a
	0.70NPK+COF	3991.36±46.32 a	67.8±4.4 a	5.97±0.31 a	40.00±1.77 a

Effects of commercial organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer partially on soil nutrients, plant development, and yield in cotton

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