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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1372-1382.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02055

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of different application methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted

KE Jian1, CHEN Ting-Ting1, XU Hao-Cong1, ZHU Tie-Zhong1, WU Han1, HE Hai-Bing1, YOU Cui-Cui1, ZHU De-Quan1, WU Li-Quan1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
    2Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-08-15 Accepted:2020-12-01 Online:2021-07-12 Published:2021-01-05
  • Contact: WU Li-Quan E-mail:Wlq-001@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300608);This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300904);the Key Research Fund of the Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2019A0176)

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Abstract:

To investigate the optimal application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) under the super-high-yield cultivation of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted, the field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of three application methods of CRNF [one-time basal application of polymer-coated urea (BC), basal application of polymer-coated urea combined with urea top-dressing at the tillering stage (BC+TU, 8:2), and basal application of polymer-coated urea combined with urea top-dressing at panicle initiation (BC+PU, 7:3)] on grain yield, nitrogen utilization (NRE), and agronomic traits of Yongyou 1540, a high-yield indica-japonica hybrid rice variety, with the pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017. Conventional high-yield fertilization of urea at 280 kg hm -2 (SU) and 0 N treatments were set as the controls. The cumulative release ratio of basal tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer for CRNF was 7:3, which was higher than that of SCU (6:4), leading to N redundancy at tillering stage and deficit during the following growth stages. Therefore, BC and BC+TU presented lower rice yields and NRE compared with SU. In comparison with BC and BC+TU, BC+PU was applied in combination with CRNF basal fertilizer reduction and urea fertilizer application at panicle initiation stage, and increased N uptake and photosynthetic capacity from panicle initiation stage to maturity stage ensured the basic N supply during the vegetative growth period in rice, leading to significantly higher spikelets per panicle, grain filling percentage, and grain yield while an equal panicles per m 2 and 1000-grain weight. Meanwhile, N application rates can be well matched with rice N uptake patterns during the whole growth period. The grain yield of BC+PU was 12.2-13.1 t hm -2 in 2016 and 2017, which were 7.4%-9.2% and 8.0%-11.9% higher than those of BC and BC+TU, respectively. Moreover, the NRE of BC+PU were 43.8%-44.1% in 2016-2017, which were 48.5%-59.9% and 63.9%-74.5% higher than those of BC and BC+TU, respectively. In addition, compared with SU, there was not significant differences of grain yield and NRE in BC+PU, and net income was higher by 6.5%-12.3% due to the significant reduction of labor cost of N application. In conclusion, the basal application of CRNF combined with urea top-dressing at panicle initiation stage at ratios of 7:3 was the simplified fertilization method that could effectively replace conventional simplified fractional fertilization, and exhibit no significant differences in rice yield, NRE, and higher economic benefits.

Key words: indica-japonica hybrid rice, pot-seedling mechanically transplanted, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, grain yield, nitrogen uptake

Fig. 1

Meteorological information of the whole growth stages in 2016 and 2017"

Table 1

Nitrogen fertilizer application"

处理
Treatment		 施氮量
Nitrogen application rate
(kg hm-2)		 氮肥施用比例Ratio of N fertilizer (%)
基肥
Basal
fertilizer		 分蘖肥
Tillering
fertilizer		 促花肥
Panicle initiation fertilizer		 保花肥
Spikelet differentiation fertilizer
0N 0 — — — —
SU 280 40 Urea-N 20 Urea-N 20 Urea-N 20 Urea-N
BC 280 100 CRNF-N
BC+TU 280 80 CRNF-N 20 Urea-N
BC+PU 280 70 CRNF-N 30 Urea-N

Fig. 2

Nitrogen release pattern of CRNF under paddy field conditions in 2016 and 2017 TS: transplanting stage, PI: panicle initiation stage, HS: heading stage, MS: mature stage. Different lowercase letters on the columns indicate significant differences in different years at P < 0.05."

Table 2

Effects of different application methods of CRNF on grain yield and its components of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Panicles
per m2		 每穗粒数Spikelets
per panicle		 结实率
Grain-filling percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 实收产量
Actual grain yield (t hm-2)
2016 0N 165.9 b 291.6 a 94.7 bc 23.38 a 10.2 c
SU 233.4 a 271.3 b 97.0 ab 22.70 b 13.1 a
BC 235.6 a 252.7 c 92.9 c 22.72 b 12.0 b
BC+TU 239.9 a 249.7 c 92.0 c 22.80 b 12.2 b
BC+PU 235.1 a 280.7 b 98.6 a 22.86 b 13.1 a
2017 0N 207.1 b 272.8 a 93.1 a 23.41 a 9.5 c
SU 282.0 a 243.0 bc 85.9 bc 22.34 b 12.0 a
BC 275.3 a 223.0 d 83.2 cd 22.70 b 10.9 b
BC+TU 283.6 a 232.0 cd 81.1 d 22.51 b 11.3 b
BC+PU 280.1 a 249.5 b 87.5 b 22.35 b 12.2 a
F-value 年份Year (Y) 268.7** 83.0** 197.0** 6.2* 41.9**
处理Treatment (T) 122.6** 34.9** 20.6** 11.5** 50.6**
Y×T 0.4ns 1.1ns 8.5** 1.2ns 0.2ns

Table 3

Effects of different application methods of CRNF on DMA and harvest index of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 地上部干物质重Dry matter accumulation (t hm-2) 收获指数
Harvest index (%)
穗分化期PI 抽穗期HS 成熟期MS
2016 0N 4.2 c 13.2 c 18.7 c 55.0 a
SU 5.9 b 16.4 a 22.8 a 57.4 a
BC 6.0 b 15.1 b 20.6 b 58.2 a
BC+TU 6.9 a 15.2 b 20.9 b 58.5 a
BC+PU 5.6 b 16.8 a 23.6 a 55.6 a
2017 0N 4.6 b 10.0 c 16.4 c 57.1 a
SU 6.1 a 13.0 a 20.5 a 60.1 a
BC 6.2 a 11.9 b 19.0 b 57.6 a
BC+TU 7.1 a 12.0 b 18.8 b 59.9 a
BC+PU 6.0 a 13.1 a 20.7 a 59.2 a
F-value 年份Year (Y) 5.1** 511.4** 147.9** 3.9ns
处理Treatment (T) 24.6** 62.7* 79.6** 1.5ns
Y×T 0.5ns 0.7ns 1.9ns 0.6ns

Fig. 3

Correlations between spikelets per panicle and DMA during PI-HS, and grain filling percentage and DMA during HS-MS in 2016 and 2017. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** means significant correlation at P < 0.01."

Table 4

Effects of different application methods of CRNF on leaf area index and leaf area duration of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 叶面积指数Leaf area index 光合势Leaf area duration (m2 m-2 d)
穗分化期
PI		 抽穗期
HS		 成熟期
MS		 移栽-穗分化期
TS-PI		 穗分化-抽穗期
PI-HS		 抽穗-成熟期
HS-MS
2016 0N 3.4 b 7.4 c 2.6 c 67.1 c 215.9 d 271.1 c
SU 6.3 ab 12.2 a 6.1 a 125.8 b 368.9 ab 492.9 a
BC 6.6 a 10.3 b 4.2 b 134.3 ab 340.2 c 391.4 b
BC+TU 7.4 a 10.7 b 4.0 b 148.9 a 356.9 b 397.9 b
BC+PU 6.7 a 12.1 a 6.4 a 133.1 ab 374.0 a 498.1 a
2017 0N 4.1 c 5.8 c 2.4 c 81.0 c 196.8 c 221.1 c
SU 7.1 b 10.7 a 5.5 a 142.7 b 357.5 ab 438.6 a
BC 7.4 a 9.5 b 2.9 b 148.5 b 339.1 b 335.5 b
BC+TU 8.2 ab 9.6 b 3.1 b 164.6 a 349.5 ab 342.5 b
BC+PU 7.3 ab 10.8 a 5.8 a 145.3 b 361.7 a 448.7 a
F-value 年份Year (Y) 17.9** 92.3** 25.89** 17.9** 8.7** 230.4**
处理Treatment (T) 68.4** 186.9** 4.63* 68.4** 300.3** 563.2**
Y×T 0.1ns 1.3ns 0.51ns 0.1ns 0.7ns 0.2ns

Table 5

Effects of different application methods of CRNF on N uptake and N apparent recovery efficiency of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮积累量 N uptake (kg hm-2) 氮素利用效率
N apparent recovery efficiency (%)
穗分化期
PI		 抽穗期
HS		 成熟期
MS
2016 0N 75.4 c 140.4 c 195.1 c —
SU 170.4 b 265.5 a 314.0 a 42.5 a
BC 174.5 b 238.4 b 278.2 b 29.7 b
BC+TU 189.4 a 232.6 b 270.4 b 26.9 b
BC+PU 169.0 b 267.0 a 318.7 a 44.1 a
2017 0N 96.2 c 130.0 c 171.0 c —
SU 195.7 b 245.2 a 284.7 a 40.6 a
BC 199.6 b 226.3 b 247.7 b 27.4 b
BC+TU 220.5 a 224.4 b 241.3 b 25.1 b
BC+PU 194.6 b 255.2 a 293.5 a 43.8 a
F-value 年份Year (Y) 254.5** 24.1** 151.6** 2.9ns
处理Treatment (T) 693.8** 315.7** 381.9** 97.0**
Y×T 1.1ns 0.6ns 0.3ns 0.2ns

Fig. 4

Correlations between DMA and N accumulation during PI-HS and HS-MS in 2016 and 2017 Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** means significant correlation at P < 0.01."

Table 6

Effects of different application methods of CRNF on economic benefits of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 总收入
Economic income
(Yuan hm-2)		 氮肥支出
N fertilizer cost
(Yuan hm-2)		 施氮工费
Cost of N application
(Yuan hm-2)		 其他成本
Other costs
(Yuan hm-2)		 净收益
Net income
(Yuan hm-2)
2016 0N 26,555 c 0 0 21,000 5555 c
SU 33,939 a 588 1500 21,000 10,851 ab
BC 31,087 b 700 300 21,000 9087 b
BC+TU 31,755 b 678 900 21,000 9177 b
BC+PU 34,121 a 666 900 21,000 11,554 a
2017 0N 24,813 c 0 0 21,000 3813 c
SU 31,295 a 588 1500 21,000 8207 ab
BC 28,427 b 700 300 21,000 6427 b
BC+TU 29,259 b 678 900 21,000 6681 b
BC+PU 31,781 a 666 900 21,000 9214 a
F-value 年份Year (Y) 42.0** 42.0**
处理Treatment (T) 50.6** 28.4**
Y×T 0.2ns 0.2ns
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