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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 437-447.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.01093

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of water and nitrogen reduction on main photosynthetic physiological parameters of film-mulched maize no-tillage rotation wheat

XU Long-Long(), YIN Wen, HU Fa-Long, FAN Hong, FAN Zhi-Long, ZHAO Cai, YU Ai-Zhong, CHAI Qiang*()   

  1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-12-03 Accepted:2021-04-14 Online:2022-02-12 Published:2021-06-09
  • Contact: CHAI Qiang E-mail:XL15109315778@163.com;chaiq@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Innovation Group of Basic Research in Gansu Province(20JR5RA037);and the Central Government will Guide Local Science and Technology Development Projects(ZCYD-2020-1-4);and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101857);the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(20JR5RA037);the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(20JR5RA025);the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503125-3);and the Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-03Y10)

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Abstract:

The effect of no-tillage combined with water and nitrogen reduction of mulching maize on the stability and increase of wheat yield has been verified, but the research of the photosynthetic physiological mechanism of its formation is still relatively weak. From 2018 to 2020, the split zone design was adopted, and two farming methods of film-mulched corn no-tillage (NT) and traditional tillage (CT) was arranged with two irrigation levels of traditional irrigation (I2, 2400 m 3 hm ?2) and traditional irrigation reduce 20% (I1, 1920 m 3 hm ?2) and three nitrogen application levels of 225 kg hm ?2 (N3), 180 kg hm ?2 (N2) and 135 kg hm ?2 (N1). The results showed that farming measures and nitrogen application level had significant effects on wheat leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate; irrigation level had significant effects on photosynthetic rate. During the whole growth periods, compared with CT, NT increased wheat leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate by 14.5%-44.1%, 13.2%-16.3%, 7.4%-9.0%, and 14.5%-24.2%, respectively; Compared with I2, the photosynthetic rate of wheat I1 decreased by 6.5%-13.6%. Compared with N3, the leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate of N1 decreased by 6.4%-13.6%, 7.5%-12.7%, 6.0%-10.2%, and 7.5%-17.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between N2 and N3. Cultivation measures, nitrogen application level, and irrigation level all had significant effects on dry matter accumulation and grain yield in wheat. Compared with CT, NT increased by 13.4%-16.5% and 9.0%-13.4%; Compared with I2, I1 decreased by 6.5%-6.7% and 4.3%-7.4%; Compared with N3, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of N1 decreased by 10.0%-11.9% and 12.6%-19.4%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. Correlation matrix analysis showed that the combined water and nitrogen reduction of no-tillage maize mulching could delay the decrease of wheat SPAD value, prolonged the photosynthetic time, and increased the photosynthetic potential and photosynthetic rate of wheat to increase yield.

Key words: no-tillage, water and nitrogen reduction, wheat, photosynthetic potential, photosynthetic physiological parameters

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of mulch maize no-till rotation wheat In the experiment, the whole film was covered, the mulch was 150 cm wide, and 4 rows (row spacing 40 cm) of maize were planted. After the corn was harvested, the mulch integrity was retained above 70%. In the second year, spring wheat was planted by hill-planting method, with a density of 4.65 million plants hm-2."

Fig. 2

Dynamic variation of leaf area index (LAI) of wheat in different tillage practices and water-nitrogen decrement patterns NT: no tillage with plastic mulching; CT: conventional tillage with plastic mulching; I2: conventional irrigation (2400 m3 hm-2); I1: reduced 20% irrigation (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: conventional nitrogen application (225 kg hm-2); N2: reduced 20% nitrogen (180 kg hm-2); N1: reduced 40% nitrogen (135 kg hm-2). The error bar indicates standard error (n = 3)."

Fig. 3

LAD of wheat in different tillage practices and water-nitrogen decrement patterns NT: no tillage with plastic mulching; CT: conventional tillage with plastic mulching; I2: conventional irrigation (2400 m3 hm-2); I1: reduced 20% irrigation (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: conventional nitrogen application (225 kg hm-2); N2: reduced 20% nitrogen (180 kg hm-2); N1: reduced 40% nitrogen (135 kg hm-2), The error bar indicates standard error (n = 3). Different letters in the figure indicate significant differences between different treatments."

Fig. 4

SPAD values of flag leaves of wheat under different tillage practices and water-nitrogen decrement patterns NT: no tillage with plastic mulching; CT: conventional tillage with plastic mulching; I2: conventional irrigation (2400 m3 hm-2); I1: reduced 20% irrigation (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: conventional nitrogen application (225 kg hm-2); N2: reduced 20% nitrogen (180 kg hm-2); N1: reduced 40% nitrogen (135 kg hm-2). The error bar indicates standard error (n = 3)."

Fig. 5

Photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of wheat under different tillage practices and water-nitrogen decrement patterns NT: no tillage with plastic mulching; CT: conventional tillage with plastic mulching; I2: conventional irrigation (2400 m3 hm-2); I1: reduced 20% irrigation (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: conventional nitrogen application (225 kg hm-2); N2: reduced 20% nitrogen (180 kg hm-2); N1: reduced 40% nitrogen (135 kg hm-2). The error bar indicates standard error (n = 3). Different letters in the figure indicate significant differences between different treatments."

Fig. 6

Dynamic variation of dry matter accumulation of wheat in different tillage practices and water-nitrogen decrement patterns NT: no tillage with plastic mulching; CT: conventional tillage with plastic mulching; I2: conventional irrigation (2400 m3 hm-2); I1: reduced 20% irrigation (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: conventional nitrogen application (225 kg hm-2); N2: reduced 20% nitrogen (180 kg hm-2); N1: reduced 40% nitrogen (135 kg hm-2). The error bar indicates standard error (n = 3)."

Fig. 7

Wheat yield under different tillage practices and water-nitrogen decrement patterns NT: no tillage with plastic mulching; CT: conventional tillage with plastic mulching; I2: conventional irrigation (2400 m3 hm-2); I1: reduced 20% irrigation (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: conventional nitrogen application (225 kg hm-2); N2: reduced 20% nitrogen (180 kg hm-2); N1: reduced 40% nitrogen (135 kg hm-2). The error bar indicates standard error (n = 3). Different letters in the figure indicate significant differences between different treatments."

Table 1

Correlation and association degree analysis of grain yield with photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic potential, and SPAD in wheat"

指标
Parameter		 相关性及关联度分析
Correlation and association analysis		 光合速率
Pn		 光合势
LAD		 叶绿素相对含量
SPAD
籽粒产量
Grain yield		 相关性 Correlation 0.881** 0.835** 0.375
关联度 Association degree 0.737 0.743 0.611
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