播种量和穗肥施氮量对优质食味直播水稻产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12012

Abstract

Abstract:

Seeding rate is one of the key factors affecting grain yield under direct sowing in rice, but there are fewer studies of its influence on grain yield and quality in good taste rice cultivars (GTRC). The application of panicle fertilizer is an important measure for high-yielding cultivation in rice production, however, the effects of panicle fertilizer rates on grain yield and quality in GTRC is still unclear. In this study, three representative GTRC (Suxiangjing 3, Nanjing 5055, and Nanjing 9108) in Jiangsu province were used as materials, and the effects of seeding rates (60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg hm^-2) and the effect of nitrogen (N) application as panicle fertilizer on grain yield and quality were investigated under direct sowing when the rowing spacing was fixed at 25 cm. The main results were as follows: (1) The yields of Suxiangjing 3, Nanjing 5055, and Nanjing 9108 all increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding rates. The optimum seeding rates for the high yield of the three rice cultivars were 130.2-136.5 kg hm^-2, 118.3-119.3 kg hm^-2, and 90.0-96.4 kg hm^-2, respectively. Rice processing quality was negatively correlated with the seeding rates to different extents, while chalky grain rate, chalkiness, protein content, and setback was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the seeding rates. Gel consistency, amylose content, taste value, and breakdown were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with seeding rates. (2) Under the optimum seeding rates with the high yield, compared with conventional panicle N application rate, halving the panicle N application had no significant effects on the yields of Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 9108, but it could significantly improve the appearance quality and taste value. The above results indicated that the optimum seeding rate in GTRC under direct sowing varied with cultivars. Excessive seeding rate would decrease the processing quality, appearance quality, and taste value. Appropriately reducing the amount of N application as panicle fertilizer was beneficial to further improve the appearance and taste quality in GTRC under direct sowing.

Key words: rice, direct sowing, seeding rate, panicle fertilizer, yield, grain quality

CHEN Yun, LI Si-Yu, ZHU An, LIU Kun, ZHANG Ya-Jun, ZHANG Hao, GU Jun-Fei, ZHANG Wei-Yang, LIU Li-Jun, YANG Jian-Chang. Effects of seeding rates and panicle nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and quality in good taste rice cultivars under direct sowing[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 656-666.

Figures/Tables 8

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来源 Source of variation	自由度 DF	产量 Grain yield	整精米率 Head milled rice rate	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	蛋白质含量 Protein content	食味值 Taste value
年份Year (Y)	1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
播种量Seeding rate (S)	4	63.2^**	26.2^**	100.2^**	76.0^**	144.0^**
品种Variety (V)	2	222.5^**	36.8^**	4103.3^**	46.5^**	468.1^**
Y × S	4	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Y × V	2	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
S × V	8	22.8^**	4.69^**	4.28^**	NS	6.73^**
Y × S × V	8	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	播种量(x, kg hm^-2)与产量(y, kg hm^-2)的关系方程 Equation between seeding rates (x, kg hm^-2) and grain yield (y, kg hm^-2)	R²	x_opt (kg hm^-2)	y_max (kg hm^-2)
2017	苏香粳3号 SXJ3	y = -0.2739x² + 74.780x + 3161.2	0.9405	136.5	8265.3
	南粳5055 NJ5055	y = -0.2991x² + 71.281x + 5195.3	0.9964	119.2	9442.2
	南粳9108 NJ9108	y = -0.2299x² + 44.311x + 7395.3	0.9024	96.4	9530.4
2018	苏香粳3号 SXJ3	y = -0.3999x² + 104.14x + 1647.9	0.9754	130.2	8427.8
	南粳5055 NJ5055	y = -0.3579x² + 84.657x + 4579.6	0.9559	118.3	9585.8
	南粳9108 NJ9108	y = -0.2119x² + 38.158x + 7839.2	0.9382	90.0	9557.0

品种 Cultivar	施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)	穗数 Panicles No. (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Filled grain rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
南粳5055 NJ5055	0	361.9 a	103.3 b	87.2 a	25.7 a	8378.0 b
	60	368.9 a	113.0 ab	86.5 a	25.5 a	9194.8 a
	120	370.1 a	117.2 a	86.2 a	25.4 a	9497.0 a
南粳9108 NJ9108	0	343.2 b	107.2 b	88.0 a	26.5 a	8579.7 b
	60	351.3 ab	121.3 ab	87.4 a	26.4 ab	9832.3 a
	120	352.5 a	126.1 a	86.1 a	26.0 ab	9950.6 a

品种 Cultivar	施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)	整精米率 Head rice (%)	垩白粒率 Chalky kernel (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	食味值 Taste value
南粳5055 NJ5055	0	65.1 b	10.1 b	2.75 c	93.7 a	12.5 a	7.16 b	85.3 a
	60	68.9 a	10.6 ab	2.91 b	91.5 ab	12.4 a	7.52 ab	83.6 a
	120	70.4 a	10.8 a	3.17 a	88.2 b	12.3 a	7.81 a	79.7 b
南粳9108 NJ9108	0	65.2 b	10.4 b	3.12 c	93.6 a	13.9 a	7.98 b	82.3 a
	60	68.9 a	10.8 ab	3.33 b	91.9 ab	12.9 b	8.21 ab	81.7 a
	120	70.9 a	11.0 a	3.65 a	88.1 b	12.5 b	8.40 a	75.7 b

Effects of seeding rates and panicle nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and quality in good taste rice cultivars under direct sowing

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