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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 942-951.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14045

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of close planting densities on assimilate accumulation and yield of soybean with different plant branching types

LI Rui-Dong1(), YIN Yang-Yang1, SONG Wen-Wen2, WU Ting-Ting2, SUN Shi2, HAN Tian-Fu2, XU Cai-Long2,*(), WU Cun-Xiang2,*(), HU Shui-Xiu1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education / Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding / Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Soybean Industrial Technology R & D Center, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2021-03-18 Accepted:2021-07-12 Online:2022-04-12 Published:2021-07-27
  • Contact: XU Cai-Long,WU Cun-Xiang,HU Shui-Xiu E-mail:18511755808@163.com;xucailong@caas.cn;wucunxiang@caas.cn;hushuixiu@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000903)

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Abstract:

To investigate the effects of planting density on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield components of different varieties, field experiments were conducted using two soybean varieties with different branching types (Zhongzuo XA12938, a main stem type variety; Zhonghuang 13, a branched type variety) under six planting densities (D1: 13.5×104 plants hm-2; D2: 18.0×104 plants hm-2; D3: 22.5×104 plants hm-2; D4: 27.0×104 plants hm-2; D5: 31.5×104 plants hm-2; D6: 36.0×104 plants hm-2). The results showed that as planting densities increased, soybean LAI reached the highest values (>4) earlier, from 47.0 d and 54.6 d (D1) to 31.0 d and 32.9 d (D6) after seedling emergence for Zhongzuo XA12938 and Zhonghuang 13, respectively. Compared to Zhonghuang 13, the high LAI values in Zhongzuo XA12938 lasted longer and decreased less at the middle and late stages. The degree of increase in dry matter with density varied between treatments. At podding stage, dry weight increased by 77.53% and 51.21% in the high-density treatment (D6) compared to the low-density treatment (D1) for Zhongzuo XA12938 and Zhonghuang 13, respectively. The percentage of dry matter in reproductive organs at maturity stage increased and then decreased with increasing density. The highest yields were achieved under D5 (5000.45 kg hm-2) treatment and remained stable at increasing densities for Zhongzuo XA12938. The highest yields for both years were achieved under D4 (4477.90 kg hm-2) and D5 (3935.30 kg hm-2) treatments for Zhonghuang 13. The average yield of Zhongzuo XA12938 was significantly higher by 22.37% than that of Zhonghuang 13. Grey correlation analysis revealed that plant height and effective pods per unit area were closely related to yield in Zhongzuo XA12938, while effective grains per unit area and height of centre of gravity were more highly correlated with yield in Zhonghuang 13. Zhongzuo XA12938 moderate increase in density can increase the LAI and prolong the duration of its high value, promote dry matter accumulation, increase the proportion of reproductive organs, and improve the yield in soybean. Varieties with strong meristem regulation can be used to improve yields and increase benefits by appropriately increasing planting density in production.

Key words: soybean, plant types, planting density, assimilate accumulation, yield

Table 1

Effects of planting density on yield and its composition of different branching types of soybean"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 单株粒数
Seeds
per plant		 单位面积粒数
Seeds per m2		 单株荚数
Pods
per plant		 单位面积荚数
Pods per m2		 百粒重
100-seed weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
2018 中作XA12938
Zhongzuo XA12938		 D1 200.1 a 2700.4 c 88.0 a 1187.7 b 16.7 c 3548.3 c
D2 170.0 b 3057.6 bc 74.8 b 1345.0 ab 16.6 c 3925.1 bc
D3 162.2 b 3646.6 a 70.0 b 1563.0 a 17.0 bc 4136.6 b
D4 120.8 c 3260.0 ab 51.5 c 1389.8 ab 17.1 ab 4367.6 ab
D5 106.5 cd 3352.0 ab 44.7 cd 1407.3 ab 17.3 a 5071.5 a
D6 86.3 d 3106.4 bc 37.0 d 1331.3 ab 17.1 ab 4996.9 a
中黄13
Zhonghuang 13		 D1 119.0 a 1607.4 d 54.1 a 730.6 d 21.1 d 2592.1 e
D2 116.0 a 2086.2 c 52.7 a 948.3 c 21.4 cd 3345.5 d
D3 114.7 a 2581.5 ab 52.2 a 1173.4 ab 22.0 bcd 4185.1 b
D4 102.5 b 2766.6 a 46.6 b 1257.5 a 22.5 abc 4477.9 a
D5 79.4 c 2501.1 ab 36.1 c 1136.9 ab 22.9 ab 4013.8 c
D6 67.9 c 2444.4 b 30.9 c 1111.1 b 23.7 a 3964.4 c
2019 中作XA12938
Zhongzuo XA12938		 D1 221.3 a 2986.7 b 79.0 a 1066.7 b 15.8 c 3406.2 e
D2 184.5 b 3320.8 b 67.1 b 1207.6 b 16.4 b 3920.1 d
D3 171.3 b 3852.9 a 63.4 b 1427.0 a 16.4 b 4431.1 c
D4 147.0 c 3968.8 a 55.9 c 1509.1 a 16.8 a 4735.4 bc
D5 118.0 d 3716.8 a 45.2 d 1424.1 a 17.0 a 4929.4 ab
D6 105.5 d 3797.8 a 42.2 d 1519.1 a 17.1 a 5200.3 a
中黄13
Zhonghuang 13		 D1 115.8 a 1562.5 d 46.3 a 625.0 e 25.6 c 2664.2 d
D2 108.0 b 1943.9 c 44.4 ab 800.0 d 26.3 b 2995.1 cd
D3 103.5 b 2328.6 b 45.0 a 1012.4 c 26.4 b 3294.0 bc
D4 94.3 c 2544.6 ab 43.0 ab 1161.9 b 27.1 a 3680.0 ab
D5 81.8 d 2575.0 a 41.3 b 1300.5 a 27.2 a 3894.5 a
D6 65.3 e 2348.9 ab 34.3 c 1236.3 ab 27.5 a 3935.3 a
年份Year (Y) *** *** *** ** *** ns
品种Cultivar (C) *** *** *** *** *** ***
密度Density (D) *** *** *** *** *** ***
Y × C *** *** ns ns ns ***
Y × D ** *** *** *** *** ***
C × D *** *** *** *** *** ***
Y × C × D ** *** ** *** ns ***

Fig. 1

Leaf area index (LAI) of soybeans with different branching types under close planting A: Zhongzuo XA12938; B: Zhonghuang 13; V3: the third trifoliate; R1: beginning bloom; R3: beginning pod; R5: beginning seed; R7: beginning maturity; R8: full maturity. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 2

Effect of planting density on duration of high leaf area values in different branching types of soybean"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 回归方程
Regression equation		 R2 叶面积指数为4的起始天数
(距离出苗日期)
Starting days with leaf area index of
4 from seedling emergence date (d)		 叶面积指数大于4的天数
Days with leaf area index higher than 4 (d)
中作XA12938
Zhongzuo XA12938		 D1 y= -0.0026x2+0.321x-5.341 0.992 46.9662 76.4954 29.53
D2 y= -0.0032x2+0.384x-6.208 0.992 39.6569 80.4368 40.78
D3 y= -0.0033x2+0.405x-6.434 0.986 36.7681 85.9894 49.22
D4 y= -0.0044x2+0.517x-8.405 0.986 33.6378 83.8168 50.18
D5 y= -0.0048x2+0.568x-9.262 0.992 31.9555 86.4612 54.51
D6 y= -0.0054x2+0.634x-10.481 0.988 31.0431 86.3828 55.34
中黄13
Zhonghuang 13		 D1 y= -0.0024x2+0.307x-5.601 0.863 54.5767 73.2983 18.72
D2 y= -0.0026x2+0.327x-5.698 0.927 47.9622 77.7686 29.81
D3 y= -0.0029x2+0.358x-6.089 0.953 43.3327 80.2880 36.96
D4 y= -0.0033x2+0.409x-6.813 0.960 38.2797 85.5990 47.32
D5 y= -0.0038x2+0.452x-7.244 0.982 35.3915 83.6085 48.22
D6 y= -0.0043x2+0.520x-8.445 0.968 32.8645 88.0658 55.20

Fig. 2

Effect of planting density on dry matter accumulation in different branching types of soybean A: Zhongzuo XA12938; B: Zhonghuang 13; V3: the third trifoliate; R1: beginning bloom; R3: beginning pod; R5: beginning seed; R7: beginning maturity; R8: full maturity. Different lowercase letters above the bars significant difference among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 3

Dry matter allocation at mature stage of different branching types of soybeans under close planting density"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 叶重
Leaf weight		 叶柄重
Petiole weight		 茎重
Stem weight		 荚皮重
Pod weight		 籽粒重
Seed weight
中作XA12938 D1 0.24±0.001 a 0.09±0.007 a 0.16±0.006 b 0.22±0.006 a 0.29±0.017 c
Zhongzuo XA12938 D2 0.23±0.010 ab 0.08±0.007 ab 0.17±0.009 b 0.23±0.017 a 0.30±0.009 bc
D3 0.20±0.003 bc 0.08±0.008 ab 0.17±0.011 b 0.23±0.049 a 0.32±0.041 bc
D4 0.18±0.010 cd 0.07±0.006 ab 0.18±0.006 ab 0.21±0.006 a 0.36±0.015 ab
D5 0.15±0.013 d 0.06±0.002 ab 0.18±0.004 ab 0.20±0.007 a 0.40±0.014 a
D6 0.16±0.013 d 0.06±0.010 b 0.20±0.010 a 0.22±0.015 a 0.36±0.005 ab
中黄13 D1 0.24±0.014 a 0.12±0.013 a 0.17±0.005 b 0.21±0.009 a 0.27±0.022 c
Zhonghuang 13 D2 0.19±0.009 b 0.10±0.002 a 0.17±0.004 b 0.23±0.008 a 0.31±0.002 bc
D3 0.15±0.013 c 0.10±0.003 a 0.17±0.013 b 0.24±0.030 a 0.34±0.016 ab
D4 0.13±0.003 c 0.09±0.005 a 0.17±0.005 b 0.24±0.004 a 0.37±0.009 a
D5 0.15±0.008 c 0.11±0.013 a 0.18±0.008 ab 0.25±0.015 a 0.31±0.018 bc
D6 0.14±0.007 c 0.11±0.007 a 0.21±0.015 a 0.25±0.002 a 0.30±0.005 bc

Table 4

Grey correlation analysis of agronomic characters and yield of soybean with different branching types under close planting density"

性状
Trait		 中作XA12938 Zhongzuo XA12938 中黄13 Zhonghuang 13
关联度
Correlation degree		 关联度排序
Relevance ranking		 关联度
Correlation degree		 关联度排序
Relevance ranking
单位面积有效荚数Effective pods per m2 0.8545 2 0.8163 6
单位面积有效粒数Effective seeds per m2 0.8311 4 0.8556 1
百粒重Hundred-seed weight (g) 0.8200 5 0.8262 5
重心Plant center of gravity 0.8441 3 0.8509 2
株高Plant height 0.8618 1 0.8496 3
分枝数Branch number 0.5473 7 0.5052 7
成熟期干物质重Dry matter weight at maturity 0.8198 6 0.8383 4
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