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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 1235-1247.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14064

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of cotton stubble return and subsoiling on dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, and yield of cotton in coastal saline-alkali soil

YAN Xiao-Yu1(), GUO Wen-Jun1,2, QIN Du-Lin1,3, WANG Shuang-Lei1,4, NIE Jun-Jun1, ZHAO Na1,5, QI Jie1, SONG Xian-Liang1, MAO Li-Li1,*(), SUN Xue-Zhen1,*()   

  1. 1Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Qingxu County Information Industry Management Center, Taiyuan 030400, Shanxi, China
    3Technical Guidance Station of Cotton Production in Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
    4Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Service, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
    5Dongying Agricultural Bureau, Dongying 257100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-04-16 Accepted:2021-07-12 Online:2022-05-12 Published:2021-08-10
  • Contact: MAO Li-Li,SUN Xue-Zhen E-mail:17854233509@163.com;maolili6666@163.com;sunxz@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601253);Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province (cotton, SDAIT-03);Shandong Program for Improved Varieties of Agriculture(2020LZGC002)

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Abstract:

To study the effects of cotton straw returning and deep loosening on cotton yield, salt content in 0-40 cm soil layer, dry matter accumulation dynamics, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) accumulation, and distribution characteristics, four treatments including conventional tillage (CT), subsoiling tillage (ST), cotton stubble return (SR), and cotton stubble return + subsoiling tillage (SRT) were conducted using Lumianyan 36 as experimental material. The results showed that cotton stubble return increased cotton yield across two years. Lint yield of SR was 33.9% higher than CT, and SRT 32.1% higher than SR. Subsoiling increased cotton yield in 2017 and had no effect on it in 2018. Cotton stubble return reduced the salt content of 0-40 cm soil layer. The salt content of SR was 22.4% lower than that of CT, and the soil salt content of SRT was 20.7% lower than that of ST at the late growth stage in cotton. However, the effect of subsoiling on the salt content of 20-40 cm soil layer was inconsistent during the two-year experiment. The soil salt content of ST was 16.5% lower than of CT at late growth stage in 2017, but subsoiling had no effect on soil salt content in 2018. The accumulation dynamic of dry matter and N, P, K in cotton were consistent with the Logistic growth curve. Cotton stubble return increased maximal accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K in two years. The maximum accumulation of dry matter, N, P, and K in SR was 35.5%, 38.3%, 53.4%, and 55.0% higher than that in CT, and the accumulation of SRT was 27.0%, 30.7%, 21.2%, and 42.4% higher than that in ST. Compared with CT, the dry matter, N, P, and K accumulation of ST increased by 17.8%, 22.2%, 51.3%, and 40.6% in 2017, respectively, but had no effect in 2018. The dynamic of dry matter and nutrient accumulation were mainly affected by the maximum accumulation rate and rapid accumulation duration. Stubble return increased the amount and proportion of dry matter and N, P, K allocated to reproductive organs of cotton in the two-year experiment. Compared with CT, ST increased the allocation amount of dry matter and N, P, K to reproductive organs in 2017, but had no effect in 2018. In summary, the results revealed that cotton stubble return (SR) or cotton stubble return + subsoiling tillage (SRT) could be recommended tillage measures for soil improvement and high cotton yield in coastal saline-alkali cotton area.

Key words: cotton, coastal saline-alkali soil, cotton stubble return, subsoiling tillage, dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption, yield

Fig. 1

Average monthly temperature and precipitation during cotton growth seasons in 2017 and 2018"

Table 1

Effects of cotton stubble return and subsoiling on yield and its components in cotton"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 群体铃数
Boll number
(×104 hm-2)		 铃重
Boll weight
(g)		 衣分
Lint percentage
(%)		 皮棉产量
Lint yield
(kg hm-2)
2017 CT 51.9 d 4.7 c 40.6 a 980.7 d
ST 59.5 c 4.8 c 40.5 a 1104.0 c
SR 69.9 b 5.1 b 41.0 a 1445.0 b
SRT 72.3 a 5.4 a 40.8 a 1581.7 a
2018 CT 52.8 c 4.5 b 40.6 a 951.0 b
ST 57.9 b 4.5 b 40.5 a 1010.0 b
SR 60.9 ab 4.7 a 41.0 a 1148.0 a
SRT 65.6 a 4.7 a 40.8 a 1221.0 a

Fig. 2

Soil salt content in 0-20 cm (A, C) and 20-40 cm (B, D) soil layers Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Dry matter accumulation dynamics of cotton plants under stubble return and subsoiling conditions The circles and triangles in the figure represent the measured values in different periods of each treatment, and different lines represent the growth curves fitted different measured values. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 2

Characteristic parameters of dry matter accumulation dynamics of cotton plants under stubble return and subsoiling conditions"

年份
Year		 处理Treatment Ym
(kg hm-2)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 T
(d)
2017 CT 5920.9 74.2 121.9 97.0 78.4 47.7
ST 6976.8 69.6 120.0 94.8 91.0 50.5
SR 9355.3 69.1 122.2 95.7 115.7 53.2
SRT 9751.3 68.1 121.6 94.8 129.7 53.6
2018 CT 6000.3 72.9 109.7 91.3 107.3 36.7
ST 6185.9 73.1 109.6 91.4 111.6 36.5
SR 6774.4 66.5 103.1 84.8 121.9 36.6
SRT 7062.5 64.3 100.8 82.5 127.4 36.5

Fig. 4

Nitrogen accumulation dynamics of cotton plants under stubble return and subsoiling conditions Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 3

Characteristic parameters of nitrogen accumulation dynamics of cotton plants under stubble return and subsoiling conditions"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 Ym
(kg hm-2)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 T
(d)
2017 CT 100.0 64.3 91.9 78.1 2.3 27.6
ST 122.2 63.0 92.1 77.6 2.8 29.1
SR 151.9 60.4 89.0 74.7 3.6 28.6
SRT 164.3 63.3 91.8 77.6 3.9 28.6
2018 CT 98.8 68.7 88.6 78.6 3.2 19.9
ST 100.8 67.8 87.2 77.5 3.4 19.4
SR 123.2 64.9 86.5 75.7 3.9 21.5
SRT 127.9 64.0 85.3 75.2 4.3 21.3

Fig. 5

Phosphorus accumulation dynamics of cotton plants under stubble return and subsoiling conditions Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 4

Characteristic parameters of phosphorus accumulation dynamics of cotton plants under stubble returning and subsoiling conditions"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 Ym
(kg hm-2)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 T
(d)
2017 CT 22.8 67.9 96.9 82.4 0.6 29.0
ST 34.5 71.0 101.9 86.4 0.8 30.9
SR 40.1 67.9 98.1 83.0 1.1 30.2
SRT 42.0 66.9 96.3 82.6 1.3 29.4
2018 CT 29.1 77.9 89.9 83.9 1.5 12.0
ST 32.6 80.3 92.5 86.4 1.7 12.1
SR 38.1 74.9 88.1 81.5 2.3 13.4
SRT 39.3 74.2 87.6 80.9 2.4 13.6

Fig. 6

Potassium accumulation dynamics of cotton plants under stubble returning and subsoiling conditions Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 5

Characteristic parameters of potassium accumulation dynamics of cotton plants under stubble returning and subsoiling conditions"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 Ym
(kg hm-2)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 tm
(d)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 T
(d)
2017 CT 65.5 61.5 84.6 72.1 1.7 23.1
ST 92.1 60.6 85.3 73.5 2.4 24.7
SR 117.1 57.3 84.6 72.0 3.1 27.2
SRT 131.6 68.1 87.5 73.8 3.2 29.4
2018 CT 78.1 66.0 88.3 77.2 2.3 22.3
ST 79.4 65.2 88.8 77.0 2.3 23.5
SR 102.5 61.8 84.4 73.1 3.0 22.6
SRT 112.6 61.7 84.2 73.0 3.3 22.5

Table 6

Effects of cotton stubble return and subsoiling on the distribution of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in cotton"

处理
Treatment		 2017 2018
营养器官
Vegetative organs		 生殖器官
Reproductive organs		 营养器官
Vegetative organs		 生殖器官
Reproductive organs
分配量
DVO
(kg hm-2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)		 分配量
DRO
(kg hm-2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)		 分配量
DVO
(kg hm-2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)		 分配量
DRO
(kg hm-2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)
干物质Dry matter
CT 3772.7 c 63.7 2148.2 c 36.3 3692.5 b 62.4 2227.5 b 37.6
ST 4203.0 b 60.2 2773.9 b 39.8 3749.7 b 61.5 2352.1 b 38.5
SR 5344.9 a 57.1 4020.9 a 42.9 4256.2 a 59.4 2908.6 a 40.6
SRT 5317.5 a 55.5 4257.1 a 44.5 3992.7 ab 57.9 2899.2 a 42.1
氮Nitrogen
CT 58.9 b 58.9 41.1 c 41.1 53.4 b 54.0 45.4 b 46.0
ST 66.1 b 54.1 56.1 b 45.9 52.9 b 52.5 47.9 b 47.5
SR 77.0 a 50.7 75.0 a 49.3 59.6 a 46.5 68.5 a 53.5
SRT 77.8 a 47.2 86.9 a 52.8 60.0 a 46.9 67.9 a 53.1
磷Phosphorus
CT 12.3 b 53.9 10.5 c 46.1 15.6 a 52.8 13.9 b 47.2
ST 18.9 a 54.7 15.6 b 45.3 16.5 a 50.1 16.4 b 49.9
SR 17.9 a 44.7 22.2 a 55.3 16.4 a 43.1 21.7 a 56.9
SRT 18.0 a 42.7 24.1 a 57.3 17.8 a 45.4 21.5 a 54.6
钾Potassium
CT 39.7 c 60.7 25.8 d 39.3 44.3 c 56.7 33.8 b 47.2
ST 48.7 b 52.9 43.4 c 47.1 42.5 c 53.6 36.9 b 49.9
SR 56.6 a 48.3 60.6 b 51.7 50.5 b 43.1 52.0 a 56.9
SRT 57.4 a 43.7 74.1 a 56.3 54.0 a 45.4 57.5 a 54.6
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