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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2621-2632.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34022

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Mapping of stable QTL qSW20-1 for 100-seed weight and its effect on yield and quality in soybean

SUN Jian-Qiang1,2(), HONG Hui-Long1,2, ZHANG Yong3, GU Yong-Zhe2, GAO Hua-Wei2, ZHOU Ya2, CAO Jie2, QI Hang2, ZHAO Quan2, BAO Li-Gao4, CHEN Qing-Shan1, QIU Li-Juan1,2()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
    2National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    3Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161606, Heilongjiang, China
    4Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2023-02-04 Accepted:2023-04-17 Online:2023-10-12 Published:2023-04-26
  • Contact: E-mail: qiulijuan@caas.cn
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1201600)

Abstract:

Seed weight is one of the key factors of soybean yield. Cloning the key genes controlling seed weight in major quantitative trait loci (QTL) is of great significance to improve soybean yield. In this study, a high-density genetic linkage map was constructed by SLAF-seq using 325 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) constructed by Qihuang 34 × Dongsheng 16 as the experimental materials. The total map distance was 2945.26 cM, and the average map distance was 0.47 cM. Combined with three environmental 100-seed weight phenotypes, 11 QTL related to 100-seed weight were detected. Among them, the QTL with stable environment was qSW20-1, which explaining 9.73%-18.10% of phenotypic variation. The large grain allele of the QTL could significantly increase the number of seed per plant and seed weight per plant, but there was no adverse effect on the two quality traits of protein content and fat content. The interval size was 435.42 kb, containing 36 genes. Five candidate genes were predicted by gene annotation and expression pattern analysis. The results of this study laid a solid foundation for soybean yield-increasing gene mining and molecular design breeding.

Key words: soybean, 100-seed weight, SLAF map, QTL mapping

Table 1

Phenotype of 100-seed weight traits of recombinant inbred lines and parents of Qihuang 34×Dongsheng 16"

环境
Environment
亲本Parents 重组自交系RIL
齐黄34
Qihuang 34
东生16
Dongsheng 16
均值
Mean
标准差
SD
最大值
Max.
最小值
Min.
峰度
Skewness
偏度
Kurtosis
变异系数
CV (%)
2021_CP 27.97±0.20 16.59±0.16 23.97 3.69 35.79 10.65 0.00 0.41 15.40
2022_SY 32.67±0.69 27.38±1.68 29.71 3.68 40.40 19.73 0.12 -0.15 12.40
2022_CP 29.48±2.22 22.63±1.29 25.64 2.78 35.30 16.58 0.77 0.09 10.83
BLUP 29.69±1.01 22.55±0.43 26.44 2.22 33.57 20.10 0.16 0.12 8.38

Fig. 1

Distribution of 100-seed weight for Qihuang 34×Dongsheng 16 RIL population and parent Vertical arrows indicate the phenotype of both parents. The curve represents the density map."

Fig. 2

High-density genetic map of soybean and collinearity analysis with reference genome A: SLAF markers are distributed on 20 chromosomes. The black bars in each linkage group represent the mapped SLAF-seq markers. The linkage group number is shown on the X-axis, and the genetic distance is shown on the Y-axis (cM is the unit). B: the abscissa is the genetic distance of each linkage group; the ordinate is the physical length of each linkage group, which disperses the form of markers in genome and genetic map collinearity. Different colors represent different chromosomes or linkage groups."

Table 2

Description for basic characteristics of high density genetic linkage map"

连锁群
Linkage group
标记数
No. of markers
总图距
Map distance
(cM)
平均图距
Average map distance (cM)
间距<5 cM
Gaps<5 cM
(%)
最大间距
Max. gap
(cM)
Gm01 348 145.08 0.42 100.00 4.54
Gm02 372 156.70 0.42 99.46 5.56
Gm03 365 167.92 0.46 99.18 7.46
Gm04 309 140.07 0.45 99.03 7.28
Gm05 183 160.41 0.88 98.35 5.38
Gm06 211 145.65 0.69 99.05 8.32
Gm07 371 161.22 0.44 99.46 9.49
Gm08 255 125.88 0.50 100.00 4.00
Gm09 357 133.83 0.38 99.72 5.50
Gm10 455 123.76 0.27 99.56 7.94
Gm11 131 122.39 0.94 96.92 10.95
Gm12 133 128.10 0.97 97.73 14.34
Gm13 243 125.73 0.52 99.17 10.69
Gm14 224 148.46 0.67 99.55 11.70
Gm15 625 167.77 0.27 99.36 7.90
Gm16 390 192.55 0.49 99.23 7.58
Gm17 345 148.67 0.43 98.84 6.76
Gm18 283 142.60 0.51 100.00 4.43
Gm19 484 152.16 0.32 99.79 6.31
Gm20 213 156.31 0.74 99.06 5.82
总计Total 6297 2945.26 0.47 99.17 14.34

Fig. 3

Eleven QTL related to 100-seed weight located in Qihuang 34 × Dongsheng 16 population"

Table 3

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) of 100-seed weight in three environments and BLUP data"

位点
QTL
环境
Environment
染色体
Chr.
标记区间
Flanking marker
遗传区间
Genetic interval (cM)
标记物理位置(a4)
Physical position of markers (a4)
阈值
LOD
表型贡献率
PVE (%)
加性效应
Add
已报道的区间
Reported QTLs
qSW6-1 2021_CP 6 Marker857319-Marker851862 43.5-44.5 28822155-35028781 4.18 4.01 -0.66 a [29], [30]
qSW6-2 2022_SY 6 Marker870421-Marker829649 90.5-95.5 10214058-12141974 6.05 5.39 -0.80 a [31]
BLUP 6 Marker870421-Marker829649 90.5-95.5 10214058-12141974 3.61 3.23 -0.37 a [31]
qSW7-1 2022_SY 7 Marker2815425-Marker2794476 91.5-94.5 6672130-7004632 5.61 5.03 0.76 b [32]
qSW7-2 2022_CP 7 Marker2748563-Marker2730119 87.5-88.5 7479038-7542682 10.81 9.33 0.90 b [32]
qSW12-1 2022_CP 12 Marker5062944-Marker4965351 49.5-50.5 18776850-21043651 3.71 3.06 0.51 b 新位点New
qSW13-1 2022_SY 13 Marker3590403-Marker3588064 85.5-87.5 36310106-36606816 5.74 5.05 -0.77 a [33]
qSW15-1 2021_CP 15 Marker4129867-Marker3915380 28.5-29.5 24348758-26925946 5.50 5.62 0.77 b [34]
BLUP 15 Marker4129867-Marker3915380 28.5-29.5 24348758-26925946 7.30 6.89 0.53 b [34]
qSW15-2 2022_SY 15 Marker4103818-Marker3854574 25.5-26.5 43842763-44130443 6.70 5.99 0.83 b 新位点New
qSW17-1 2021_CP 17 Marker5995186-Marker5989688 80.5-86.5 7982531-8957550 3.15 3.14 -0.57 a [35]
qSW18-1 2022_CP 18 Marker4315158-Marker4223583 65.5-68.5 12642699-14065422 5.09 4.28 -0.61 a 新位点New
qSW20-1 2021_CP 20 Marker2521089-Marker2536819 38.5-39.5 35867412-36014827 13.78 14.26 -1.23 a [36]
2022_SY 20 Marker2377057-Marker2521089 36.5-38.5 35579408-36014827 18.06 18.10 -1.45 a [36]
2022_CP 20 Marker2377057-Marker2521089 35.5-38.5 35579408-36014827 10.85 9.73 -0.92 a [36]
BLUP 20 Marker2416012-Marker2448322 39.5-40.5 35916231-35920512 19.87 19.04 -0.89 a [36]

Table 4

Identification of epistatic QTL of 100-seed weight in three environments and BLUP data"

环境
Environment
上位性QTL
Epi-QTL
染色体
Chromosome
位置1
Position1
标记区间
Flanking markers
上位性QTL
Epi-QTL
染色体
Chr.
位置2
Position2
标记区间2
Flanking markers2
阈值
LOD
表型贡献率
PVE (%)
2022_SY Epi-qSW3-1 3 60 Marker2065303-Marker2142542 Epi-qSW12-1 12 5 Marker4944242-Marker5028286 5.75 6.0603

Fig. 4

Genetic map of main quantitative trait loci (QTL) qSW20-1 and its effect on 100-seed weight trait of Qihuang 34 × Dongsheng 16 population A: genetic map of qSW20-1. The interval of genetic map is indicated by the black part. B: the correlation analysis between interval genotype and 100-seed weight phenotype. DS16 and QH34 represent the alleles of Qihuang 34 and Dongsheng 16, respectively. ****: P < 0.0001."

Fig. 5

Effect of qSW20-1 on other traits of Qihuang 34 × Dongsheng 16 population The effects of qSW20-1 on grain weight per plant (A), grain number per plant (B), protein content (C), and fat content (D) of Qihuang 34 × Dongsheng 16 population under different environments. DS16 and QH34 represent the alleles of Qihuang 34 and Dongsheng 16, respectively. *, **, and **** indicate significant difference at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.0001, respectively. ns: no significant difference."

Table S1

Gene annotation of genes in the location interval"

基因名称
Gene name
推测功能
Putative function
Glyma.20G114400 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G114500 二氢硫辛酰胺转乙酰酶 Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase
Glyma.20G114600 糖脂转移蛋白相关 Glycolipid transfer protein related
Glyma.20G114700 紫外线切除修复蛋白RAD23 UV excision repair protein RAD23
Glyma.20G114800 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G114900 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G114933 酸性N端SPT6 Acidic N-terminal SPT6
Glyma.20G114966 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G115000 PPR重复序列(PPR) PPR repeat (PPR)
Glyma.20G115100 Kow结构域转录因子1 Kow domain transcription factor 1
Glyma.20G115200 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G115300 DNA结合/转录因子 DNA binding/transcription factor
Glyma.20G115500 3-酮酰基辅酶a合酶5相关 3-ketoacyl-co a synthase 5
Glyma.20G115600 B-box锌指 B-box zinc finger
Glyma.20G115700 LOB结构域-包含蛋白42 LOB domain-containing protein 42
Glyma.20G115800 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G115900 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G116000 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G116100 50S核糖体蛋白L15, 叶绿体 50S ribosomal protein L15, chloroplast
Glyma.20G116200 锌指蛋白JAGGED相关 Zinc finger protein JAGGED related
Glyma.20G116300 蛋白质ISTR-1, 同功型A Protein ISTR-1, Isoform A
Glyma.20G116400 磷脂酶相关的//α/β-水解酶样蛋白 Phospholipase-related//α/β-hydrolase-like protein
Glyma.20G116500 腺苷酸异戊烯转移酶1, 叶绿体相关 Isopentene adenylate transferase 1, chloroplast correlation
Glyma.20G116600 VQ基序(VQ) VQ motif (VQ)
Glyma.20G116700 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G116800 单链核酸内切酶Single-stranded-nucleate endonuclease
Glyma.20G116900 酰转移酶 Acyltransferase
Glyma.20G117000 MYB样DNA结合蛋白MYB//MYB转录因子 MYB-like DNA binding protein MYB//MYB transcription factor
Glyma.20G117100 tRNA合成酶I类(E和Q), 催化结构域(tRNA-synt_1c) tRNA synthetases class I (E and Q), catalytic domain (tRNA-synt_1c)
Glyma.20G117150 谷氨酰胺-tRNA合成酶, 非特异性RNA结合区第1部分( tRNA_synt_1c_R1)
Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, non-specific RNA binding region part 1 (tRNA_synt_1c_R1)
Glyma.20G117200 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G117300 BAX抑制剂相关//未命名的亚家族 BAX inhibitor related//unnamed subfamily
Glyma.20G117400 无注释 No annatation
Glyma.20G117500 棉纤维表达蛋白(DUF761) Cotton fibre expressed protein (DUF761)
Glyma.20G117600 半胱氨酸-TRNA合成酶//半胱氨酸-TRNA连接酶 Cysteine-TRNA synthetase//cysteine-TRNA ligase
Glyma.20G117700 无注释 No annatation

Fig. 6

Specific expression analysis of candidate genes related to 100-seed weight of soybean at seed development stage The data information is derived from RNA-seq in soybean reference genome Wm82.a2.v1 in SoyBase."

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