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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10): 2447-2457.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44009

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Transcription factor GhWRKY41 enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by promoting SA synthesis

XIAO Sheng-Hua1,2,**,*(), DONG Xian-Man1,**(), PENG Xin1, LI An-Zi1, BI Zhao-Fu1, LIAO Ming-Jing1, HUANG Li-Hao1, GUAN Qian-Qian2, HU Qin1,2,*(), ZHU Long-Fu2,3,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Biological Resources in Subtropical Region / College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    3Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-01-15 Accepted:2024-06-20 Online:2024-10-12 Published:2024-07-12
  • Contact: *E-mail: shxiao@gxu.edu.cn;E-mail: lfzhu@mail.hzau.edu.cn; E-mail: huqin-0509@gxu.edu.cn
  • About author:**(Contributed equally to this work)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301880);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230076);Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Foundation(2021hszd006)

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Abstract:

Cotton is an important commercial crop, and its yield and quality are severely affected by Verticillium dahliae. Identifying cotton resistance genes to Verticillium dahliae and exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms is of great significance for accelerating the breeding process of cotton resistant to Verticillium wilt. In a previous study, the WRKY gene GhWRKY41 was identified as being induced by Verticillium dahliae in multiple resistant cotton varieties, enhancing cotton resistance through the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism. This study further analyzed the expression patterns of GhWRKY41 under different hormone treatments, validated its disease resistance function in the upland cotton variety ‘Jin668’ using a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay, and measured endogenous hormone content. The results demonstrated that GhWRKY41 was significantly up-regulated by SA, Me-JA, and H2O2. Silencing GhWRKY41 weakened cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae, while overexpression of GhWRKY41 led to a marked increase in SA content, and its RNAi lines showed a decrease in SA content. RT-qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of the SA biosynthesis gene GhSID2 and the SA signal transduction genes GhNPR1, GhPR1, and GhPR5 were significantly up-regulated in GhWRKY41-overexpression plants but decreased in GhWRKY41-RNAi plants. ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter gene assays showed that GhWRKY41 binds to and activates the expression of GhSID2, GhPR1, and GhPR5. Additionally, external spraying of SA significantly enhanced cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. In summary, GhWRKY41 enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by promoting SA synthesis. This study elucidates the biological function of GhWRKY41 in cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae and provides a theoretical basis for developing cotton varieties with improved resistance.

Key words: cotton, Verticillium dahliae, GhWRKY41, salicylic acid

Table 1

Primers used for vector construction, RT-qPCR, and ChIP-qPCR"

引物名称
Primer name		 正向引物序列
Forward primer (5′-3′)		 反向引物序列
Reverse primer (5′-3′)
GhUB7 GAAGGCATTCCACCTGACCAAC CTTGACCTTCTTCTTCTTGTGCTTG
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhPR5-1 AGCCCCTATATTGATTTTGC AAAGCTACCACATGTCACCA
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhPR5-2 GAAGCAACTTAGGCTATCTCAT TTGGATTCGATTCCTAACTC
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhPR1-1 TGTCATCCTGTTGATTGAGCAA ACACTGTCCATTCAAACCTACCA
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhPR1-2 TAATATCCATTCCAGCCG TCTTGACTTGAAATTTGAGAGA
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhPR1-3 AATGCAGATCTTCACGAAAA AAATTGGACTCTTTTTAAAAGG
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhSID2-1 TCAACATATTAGGCAGCACTG GACGTTGTCATGCTGTTAGG
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhSID2-2 GCTTAACAATCTGCCACAA TTTGTGAGGAACCTACCTTC
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhSID2-3 CAAATGATTAGACTTAGGTTGAA TGAGTCGATCCTAACACAACA
ChIP-qPCR-ProGhSID2-4 GAATCCTCAAAACATAAACACA GGAGATTTGTAAAGTATGACTCC
TRV:GhWRKY41 CTCAAGGAAGCACGATGAGCTTGAGCAACTTCCAAGGGGTGCT TTGAACCTAAAACTTCAGACACGGACATTCCAACGATTCCTACATTGC
GhWRKY41-62-SK CGCTCTAGAACTAGTGGATCCATGGAGAACATGTGGAAG CTTGATATCGAATTCCTGCAGTTAGGAGAAAAATCCCGG
ProGhSID2-0800-LUC CTTGATATCGAATTCCTGCAGTAATGATGATGTCAACATATTAGG CGCTCTAGAACTAGTGGATCCGTTCAAGATAGGCTCATTGCTGGC
ProPR1-0800-LUC CTTGATATCGAATTCCTGCAGATGATAATAATGAAATAATGTCAT CGCTCTAGAACTAGTGGATCCAAGGTTAATGGTTAAATTGGACTC
ProPR5-0800-LUC CTTGATATCGAATTCCTGCAGTCTTCTGTCTTTTCATGGTCGG CGCTCTAGAACTAGTGGATCCTGACAACATTCAAGCATCAAACTC
GhWRKY41-qPCR GCCGTTCATGTCTCCCGA GCACCCCTTGGAAGTTGTTC
GhSID2-qPCR ATCGAGTGGCTCCATGCTCAAC CGGCGGCACCAACAAGATTATG
GhPR1-qPCR CCATGCCCAAGACTCACACCAA GTCCACTGGAGTGCACAAGGTT
GhPR5-qPCR GCAGTCAAGGCAGTTGGTGGTA ATATTCCGGCGTGTTGAAGGCA
GhNPR1-qPCR TTGTCTCTTGCCATCGCTGGTG GGTGCCTCATTCAAGTCCACTGT

Fig. 1

Silencing of the expression of GhWRKY41 decreased cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae A: disease symptoms of TRV:GhWRKY41 cotton after inoculation with Verticillium dahliae for 2 weeks. B: RT-PCR analysis to detect the expression of GhWRKY41 in cotton seedlings. C: the observation of longitudinal cotyledon node of TRV:GhWRKY41 plants after inoculation with Verticillium dahliae for 14 d. D: disease index of TRV:00 and TRV:GhWRKY41 cotton. **: P < 0.01, Student’s t-test."

Fig. 2

Expression pattern analysis of GhWRKY41 * and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 3

GhWRKY41 promotes the synthesis of SA The SA content in WT, GhWRKY41-overexpression and GhWRKY41- RNAi cotton under normal conditions and inoculation with Verticillium dahliae. Different letters indicate significant differences as determined using ANOVA (P < 0.05)."

Fig. 4

Expression of GhSID2, GhPR1, GhPR5, and GhNPR1 in GhWRKY41 transgenic cotton"

Fig. 5

GhWRKY41 binds to the W-box elements within promoters in GhSID2, GhPR1, and GhPR5 A-C: ChIP-qPCR analysis of GhWRKY41 binding affinity to promoters of GhSID2 (A), GhPR1 (B), and GhPR5 (C). The red/yellow/green lines indicate the W-box elements in the promoter of GhSID2, GhPR1, and GhPR5. P1-P4 indicate the ChIP-qPCR primers. GhUB7 was used as the internal reference."

Fig. 6

GhWRKY41 activates the expression of GhSID2, GhPR1, and GhPR5 A: schematic diagrams of the effector and reporter constructs used for DLR assay. EV, Empty vector. B: luminescence imaging of DLR assay in N. benthamiana leaves. C: the relative LUC/REN ratio of GhWRKY41 to pGhSID2-LUC, pGhPR1-LUC, and pGhPR5-LUC in cotton protoplast. *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, Student’s t-test."

Fig. 7

SA enhances the resistance of cotton to Verticillium dahliae A: disease symptom of cotton V592-inoculated after treatment with ddH2O, 500 μmol L-1 SA and 1 mmol L-1 SA for 12 d. B, C: statistics of disease index (B) and disease grade (C) of cotton inoculated with Verticillium dahliae. D: the observation of longitudinal cotyledon node of cotton plants after inoculation with Verticillium dahliae. E: qPCR analysis of the amount of fungal DNA in the cotyledonary nodes. GhUB7 was used as the internal reference, and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the fungal ribosomal DNA was targeted. F: the fungal recovery assays and luminescence imaging of Verticillium dahliae fused GFP tag. G: statistics of fluorescence in (F). CPS: counts per second. **: P < 0.01, Student’s t-test."

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