氮肥和缩节胺对棉花纤维产量及品质时间分布的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34086

Abstract

Abstract:

The temporal and spatial distribution of cotton pre-summer boll, summer boll, early-autumn boll, and late-autumn boll (“four peaches”) are different, but there are few reports on the difference of their fiber yield and quality, as well as response to nitrogen (N) rates and mepiquat chloride (DPC) application. From 2015 to 2017, we employed a split-plot design in randomized complete blocks in this work in the Yellow River beach area of Zhengzhou city. The main plots were assigned to N fertilizer rates, namely no N application (N0), normal N (N1), and excessive N (N2), with the rate of 0, 225, and 450 N kg hm^-2, respectively. And the subplots to DPC dosages, namely no DPC (D0), normal DPC (D1), and excessive DPC (D2), with the dosages of 0, 75, and 150 g hm^-2, respectively. The effects of N fertilizer and DPC combined application on temporal distribution of cotton yield and fiber quality were studied. The results showed that: (1) The fiber yield of N1 treatment increased by 36.79% and 3.72% compared with N0 and N2 treatments, respectively, and N2 treatment did not significantly decrease the yield compared with N1. The fiber yield of D1 treatment increased by17.53% and 8.50% compared with D0 and D2 treatments, respectively, and D2 treatment decreased the yield significantly compared with D1. The fiber yield of N1D1 combined treatment was the highest, and yield of all the other combined treatments decreased by 1.15%-51.53% compared with N1D1. The proportions of fiber yield of pre-summer boll, summer boll, early-autumn boll, and late-autumn boll with N1D1 combined treatment were 8.89%, 45.35%, 33.41%, and 12.36%, respectively. Both summer boll and early-autumn boll were main yield components, but the early-autumn boll had the highest intensity of yield formation in particular. And with the increase of N application rates, the proportions of fiber yield of early-autumn boll and late-autumn boll increased, but DPC application dosages showed the opposite characteristics. (2) With the exception of the fiber elongation, fiber length, fiber length uniformity, fiber strength, and micronaire value of “four peaches” were significantly affected by N fertilizer rates and DPC dosages. The optimal fiber quality was harvested with N1 treatment compared with N0 and N2 treatments, and D1 treatment showed the highest-grade fiber compared with D0 and D2 treatments, but the fiber micronaire values with D0 treatment was the best. N and DPC combined treatments had significantly interaction effect on fiber strength and micronaire value, and N1D1 had the best fiber strength and micronaire value with “four peaches” among the different treatment combinations, while N2D2 showed opposite trend. Moreover, the excessive using of N fertilizer and DPC led to the degradation of fiber micronaire value. (3) The fiber quality of “four peaches” were different. The fiber length, fiber length uniformity, and fiber strength of pre-summer boll were poor, but its micronaire value was higher grade, and the fiber quality of summer boll and early-autumn boll had exactly the opposite effect. As for fiber quality of late autumn boll, the elongation was the best, and the other quality index were in the middle. These findings enriched the theoretical basis of the yield and quality difference of cotton “four peaches”, and provided scientific supports for rational application of N and DPC in cotton fields and reasonable utilization of the fiber of cotton “four peaches”.

Key words: cotton, nitrogen fertilizer, DPC, four peaches, fiber yield, fiber quality

LI Zhi-Kun, JIA Wen-Hua, ZHU Wei, LIU Wei, MA Zong-Bin. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC combined application on temporal distribution of cotton yield and fiber quality[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(2): 514-528.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Effect of the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC on fiber yield of cotton “four peaches” (kg hm-2)"

年份 Year	N肥用量 N rate	DPC用量 DPC dosage	伏前桃 Pre-summer boll	伏桃 Summer boll	早秋桃 Early-autumn boll	晚秋桃 Late-autumn boll	总产 Total yield
2015	N0	D0	84.56 d	453.06 e	239.12 e	107.93 d	884.67 d
		D1	116.36 bcd	502.39 e	374.42 d	99.88 d	1093.04 cd
		D2	136.80 abcd	536.36 de	475.16 c	102.04 d	1250.37 c
	N1	D0	103.56 cd	727.90 ab	631.36 b	263.41 bc	1726.23 ab
		D1	143.80 abc	785.28 a	769.66 a	241.10 c	1939.84 a
		D2	173.72 a	749.25 ab	492.38 c	216.72 c	1632.06 b
	N2	D0	118.18 abcd	469.21 e	637.20 b	347.60 a	1572.19 b
		D1	167.61 ab	675.43 bc	714.48 ab	330.76 ab	1888.28 a
		D2	155.61 abc	610.91 cd	615.89 b	201.06 c	1583.47 b
2016	N0	D0	112.51 b	526.11 c	185.78 c	120.84 cd	945.24 e
		D1	186.22 a	645.01 c	372.77 bc	140.82 cd	1314.82 cd
		D2	188.90 a	590.41 c	334.32 c	129.56 cd	1243.20 de
	N1	D0	111.87 b	858.99 ab	363.23 bc	151.27 bcd	1485.39 cd
		D1	193.54 a	1039.96 a	634.62 a	280.62 ab	2148.74 a
		D2	192.43 a	961.56 a	535.18 ab	261.28 abc	1950.45 ab
	N2	D0	180.25 b	687.62 c	551.70 ab	321.25 a	1655.81 bc
		D1	191.08 a	896.86 ab	605.69 a	305.30 a	2050.05 a
		D2	196.23 a	690.20 bc	539.52 ab	189.20 abcd	1615.15 bc
2017	N0	D0	117.22 b	493.17 c	237.99 c	150.53 cd	998.91 b
		D1	165.97 ab	576.60 c	355.24 bc	130.74 de	1228.55 b
		D2	172.21 ab	551.55 c	354.05 bc	91.65 e	1169.46 b
	N1	D0	167.06 ab	788.61 ab	462.51 ab	157.22 cd	1575.40 a
		D1	180.19 a	830.17 ab	545.75 ab	203.86 c	1759.97 a
		D2	206.89 a	902.04 a	532.14 ab	164.11 cd	1805.17 a
	N2	D0	148.87 ab	561.73 b	645.04 a	337.95 a	1693.59 a
		D1	169.02 ab	783.42 ab	608.44 a	269.97 b	1830.84 a
		D2	204.78 a	740.88 b	543.82 ab	171.29 cd	1660.77 a
平均值	N0		142.31 b	538.30 c	325.43 c	119.33 c	1125.36 b
Average	N1		163.67 a	849.31 a	551.87 b	215.51 b	1780.36 a
	N2		170.18 a	670.14 b	606.86 a	274.93 a	1722.11 a
		D0	127.12 b	609.05 b	439.32 c	217.56 a	1393.05 c
		D1	168.20 a	745.01 a	553.45 a	222.56 a	1689.22 a
		D2	180.84 a	703.69 a	491.38 b	169.66 b	1545.57 b
变异来源	Y		**	**	**	NS	NS
Source of	N		**	**	**	**	**
variation	D		**	**	**	**	**
	Y×N		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	Y×D		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	N×D		NS	NS	**	**	*
	Y×N×D		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 3

Table 4

Effect of the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC on fiber length of cotton “four peaches” (mm)"

年份 Year	N肥用量 N rate	DPC用量 DPC dosage	伏前桃 Pre-summer boll	伏桃 Summer boll	早秋桃 Early-autumn boll	晚秋桃 Late-autumn boll
2015	N0	D0	29.63 a (c)	31.23 a (a)	30.17 abc (bc)	30.77 a (ab)
		D1	29.94 a (a)	30.50 ab (a)	29.40 abc (a)	29.63 ab (a)
		D2	29.80 a (a)	29.53 bc (a)	28.83 bc (a)	28.73 b (a)
	N1	D0	29.97 a (a)	30.67 a (a)	30.50 ab (a)	30.67 a (a)
		D1	29.73 a (a)	31.37 a (a)	30.73 a (a)	30.47 a (a)
		D2	29.80 a (a)	28.83 c (a)	29.63 abc (a)	29.73 ab (a)
	N2	D0	30.27 a (a)	30.60 a (a)	29.57 abc (a)	30.80 a (a)
		D1	29.97 a (a)	30.37 ab (a)	29.50 abc (a)	29.97 ab (a)
		D2	29.90 a (a)	28.90 c (a)	28.73 c (a)	29.70 ab (a)
2016	N0	D0	30.53 a (a)	30.87 ab (a)	30.30 a (a)	29.27 a (b)
		D1	30.73 a (a)	30.40 ab (ab)	30.63 a (a)	29.07 a (b)
		D2	30.47 a (a)	30.33 ab (a)	29.97 a (a)	28.90 a (a)
	N1	D0	30.57 a (a)	30.73 ab (a)	30.80 a (a)	29.57 a (a)
		D1	30.73 a (a)	29.93 ab (a)	30.60 a (a)	30.30 a (a)
		D2	29.83 a (b)	29.63 b (b)	30.83 a (a)	28.77 a (c)
	N2	D0	30.63 a (ab)	31.23 a (a)	30.13 a (ab)	29.37 a (b)
		D1	29.63 a (a)	30.17 ab (a)	30.93 a (a)	30.13 a (a)
		D2	29.83 a (ab)	30.33 ab (ab)	31.13 a (a)	29.07 a (b)
2017	N0	D0	27.97 a (a)	28.20 a (a)	28.13 a (a)	28.13 a (a)
		D1	27.10 ab (a)	27.37 a (a)	27.97 a (a)	27.97 a (a)
		D2	27.60 ab (a)	27.67 a (a)	28.00 a (a)	28.00 a (a)
	N1	D0	26.63 b (b)	28.43 a (a)	27.47 a (ab)	27.57 a (ab)
		D1	27.17 ab (b)	27.67 a (a)	27.33 a (ab)	27.33 a (ab)
		D2	26.53 b (a)	27.20 a (a)	27.87 a (a)	27.87 a (a)
	N2	D0	26.63 b (a)	27.27 a (a)	27.00 a (a)	27.00 a (a)
		D1	27.07 ab (a)	27.10 a (a)	27.53 a (a)	27.53 a (a)
		D2	26.47 b (a)	26.93 a (a)	27.57 a (a)	27.57 a (a)
平均值	N0		29.73 a	29.57 a	29.27 ab	28.94 a
Average	N1		29.00 b	29.39 a	29.54 a	29.14 a
	N2		28.93 b	29.21 a	29.12 b	29.01 a
		D0	29.20 a	29.91 a	29.35 a	29.24 a
		D1	29.54 a	29.43 b	29.40 a	29.16 ab
		D2	28.91 a	28.82 c	29.17 a	28.70 b
变异来源	Y		**	**	**	**
Source of	N		*	NS	NS	NS
variation	D		NS	**	NS	*
	Y×N		NS	NS	*	NS
	Y×D		NS	*	NS	*
	N×D		NS	NS	NS	NS
	Y×N×D		NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 4

Table 5

Effect of the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC on fiber length uniformity of cotton “four peaches” (%)"

年份 Year	N肥用量 N rate	DPC用量 DPC dosage	伏前桃 Pre-summer boll	伏桃 Summer boll	早秋桃 Early-autumn boll	晚秋桃 Late-autumn boll
2015	N0	D0	78.47 ab (b)	82.37 c (a)	82.00 ab (a)	82.23 ab (a)
		D1	79.80 a (b)	85.23 a (a)	81.03 abc (b)	81.13 c (b)
		D2	79.67 a (ab)	82.47 c (a)	79.27 d (b)	80.07 d (ab)
	N1	D0	79.10 ab (b)	83.63 b (a)	80.87 abcd (b)	82.93 a (a)
		D1	80.97 a (c)	84.90 a (a)	82.63 a (b)	82.93 a (b)
		D2	79.53 a (b)	82.80 bc (a)	80.13 cd (b)	82.80 ab (a)
	N2	D0	79.77 a (b)	82.97 bc (a)	81.37 abc (ab)	81.67 bc (ab)
		D1	79.97 a (b)	82.90 bc (a)	82.07 ab (a)	82.60 ab (a)
		D2	76.87 b (b)	81.83 c (a)	80.73 bcd (a)	81.20 c (a)
2016	N0	D0	84.23 ab (a)	85.80 a (a)	85.40 a (a)	84.10 a (a)
		D1	84.23 ab (ab)	84.83 ab (ab)	85.03 a (a)	82.60 a (b)
		D2	84.43 ab (ab)	84.20 b (ab)	85.97 a (a)	80.47 a (b)
	N1	D0	85.53 a (ab)	84.53 ab (bc)	86.40 a (a)	83.43 a (c)
		D1	84.90 ab (a)	84.50 ab (a)	85.77 a (a)	84.27 a (a)
		D2	84.90 ab (a)	84.90 ab (a)	85.37 a (a)	81.20 a (b)
	N2	D0	85.07 ab (ab)	85.37 ab (a)	85.67 a (a)	83.403 a (b)
		D1	84.90 ab (b)	84.67 ab (b)	86.17 a (a)	83.33 a (a)
		D2	83.73 b (ab)	84.68 ab (ab)	86.33 a (a)	82.03 a (b)
2017	N0	D0	80.53 ab (a)	81.67 a (a)	80.03 b (a)	80.03 b (a)
		D1	79.50 a (a)	78.77 b (a)	80.20 b (a)	80.20 b (a)
		D2	79.40 a (ab)	79.23 b (b)	80.90 ab (a)	80.90 ab (a)
	N1	D0	80.60 a (a)	79.90 ab (a)	80.50 ab (a)	80.50 ab (a)
		D1	78.43 a (b)	80.50 ab (a)	81.13 ab (a)	81.13 ab (a)
		D2	81.23 a (ab)	79.77 ab (b)	82.40 a (a)	82.40 a (a)
	N2	D0	81.00 a (a)	80.30 ab (a)	81.23 ab (a)	81.23 ab (a)
		D1	80.33 a (a)	78.57 b (a)	80.13 b (a)	80.13 b (a)
		D2	78.57 a (b)	79.67 ab (ab)	81.93 ab (a)	81.93 ab (a)
平均值	N0		78.92 a	82.73 ab	82.20 b	81.30 b
Average	N1		81.69 a	82.83 a	82.80 a	82.40 a
	N2		81.13 a	82.33 b	82.85 a	81.97 ab
		D0	79.37 a	82.95 a	82.61 a	82.19 a
		D1	81.45 a	82.76 a	82.69 a	82.04 a
		D2	80.93 a	82.17 b	82.56 a	81.44 a
变异来源	Y		**	**	**	**
Sources of	N		NS	NS	*	*
variation	D		NS	**	NS	NS
	Y×N		NS	NS	NS	NS
	Y×D		NS	**	**	**
	N×D		NS	NS	NS	NS
	Y×N×D		NS	*	NS	NS

Table 5

Table 6

Effect of the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC on fiber strength of cotton “four peaches” (cN tex-1)"

年份 Year	N肥用量 N rate	DPC用量 DPC dosage	伏前桃 Pre-summer boll	伏桃 Summer boll	早秋桃 Early-autumn boll	晚秋桃 Late-autumn boll
2015	N0	D0	26.10 de (b)	29.43 ab (a)	30.03 ab (a)	28.97 cd (a)
		D1	27.50 bc (b)	29.40 ab (a)	29.70 ab (a)	30.13 bc (a)
		D2	26.27 cde (b)	29.60 ab (a)	28.03 b (ab)	28.07 d (ab)
	N1	D0	27.73 b (b)	31.07 a (a)	29.50 ab (a)	30.77 ab (a)
		D1	29.73 a (b)	30.47 a (a)	29.50 ab (b)	31.87 a (a)
		D2	27.03 bcd (b)	28.13 bc (b)	27.90 b (b)	30.57 ab (a)
	N2	D0	26.60 bcde (b)	30.07 a (a)	29.30 ab (a)	30.73 ab (a)
		D1	27.07 bcd (c)	27.37 c (bc)	30.40 a (a)	29.37 bcd (ab)
		D2	25.60 e (c)	26.53 c (bc)	27.90 ab (ab)	29.27 bcd (a)
2016	N0	D0	26.73 d (b)	28.13 bc (ab)	30.03 ab (a)	30.77 ab (a)
		D1	27.30 bcd (b)	28.40 bc (ab)	29.70 ab (a)	27.73 cd (ab)
		D2	26.87 cd (ab)	26.40 c (ab)	28.03 b (a)	25.70 de (b)
	N1	D0	28.47 ab (ab)	27.70 bc (b)	29.50 ab (a)	29.83 abc (a)
		D1	29.10 a (b)	31.20 a (a)	29.50 ab (b)	31.90 a (a)
		D2	28.07 abcd (a)	28.00 bc (a)	27.90 b (a)	27.63 cd (a)
	N2	D0	28.37 abc (a)	28.90 b (a)	29.30 ab (a)	29.70 abc (a)
		D1	29.10 a (a)	29.10 ab (a)	30.40 a (a)	28.63 bc (a)
		D2	26.70 d (ab)	27.03 bc (ab)	27.90 ab (a)	25.17 e (b)
2017	N0	D0	26.30 b (a)	26.90 b (a)	25.70 b (a)	26.37 bc (a)
		D1	26.90 b (a)	26.60 b (a)	26.43 b (a)	26.77 bc (a)
		D2	25.70 b (b)	25.97 b (b)	25.50 b (b)	27.50 ab (a)
	N1	D0	27.33 b (a)	27.33 b (a)	26.97 b (a)	26.97 bc (a)
		D1	29.40 a (a)	30.03 a (a)	28.90 a (a)	28.57 a (a)
		D2	26.60 b (a)	27.63 b (a)	27.13 b (a)	26.47 bc (a)
	N2	D0	26.43 b (a)	26.43 b (a)	26.40 b (a)	26.40 bc (a)
		D1	26.43 b (a)	27.43 b (a)	26.83 b (a)	26.83 bc (a)
		D2	25.63 b (a)	26.40 b (a)	26.47 b (a)	25.60 c (a)
平均值	N0		26.63 b	27.87 b	28.09 b	28.00 b
Average	N1		28.17 a	29.06 a	28.92 a	29.40 a
	N2		26.88 b	27.70 b	28.30 ab	27.98 b
		D0	27.12 b	28.44 a	28.53 b	28.94 a
		D1	28.06 a	28.89 a	29.29 a	29.09 a
		D2	26.50 c	27.30 b	27.58 c	27.33 b
变异来源	Y	NS	NS	NS	NS
Source of	N		**	**	*	**
variation	D		**	**	**	**
	Y×N		NS	*	*	NS
	Y×D		NS	**	NS	**
	N×D		NS	*	NS	**
	Y×N×D		NS	NS	NS	*

Table 6

Table 7

Effect of the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC on fiber micronaire value of cotton “four peaches”"

年份 Year	N肥用量 N rate	DPC用量 DPC dosage	伏前桃 Pre-summer boll	伏桃 Summer boll	早秋桃 Early-autumn boll	晚秋桃 Late-autumn boll
2015	N0	D0	4.63 cd (b)	5.07 a (a)	4.57 b (b)	4.43 c (b)
		D1	5.07 a (a)	4.97 ab (ab)	4.97 a (ab)	4.87 ab (b)
		D2	5.00 ab (a)	5.13 a (a)	5.17 a (a)	5.03 ab (a)
	N1	D0	4.53 cde (a)	4.60 cde (a)	4.70 b (a)	4.77 bc (a)
		D1	4.33 e (a)	4.40 e (a)	4.57 b (a)	4.43 c (a)
		D2	4.93 ab (a)	4.93 ab (a)	5.10 a (a)	5.03 ab (a)
	N2	D0	3.53 f (c)	4.57 de (b)	4.67 b (ab)	4.87 ab (a)
		D1	4.43 de (b)	4.87 abc (a)	5.07 a (a)	5.03 ab (a)
		D2	4.77 bc (b)	4.77 bcd (b)	5.13 a (a)	5.20 a (a)
2016	N0	D0	4.53 abc (ab)	4.83 a (a)	4.73 cd (a)	4.13 bcd (b)
		D1	4.57 abc (a)	4.57 a (a)	4.80 cd (a)	3.73 d (b)
		D2	4.60 abc (b)	4.87 a (ab)	5.20 ab (a)	3.87 cd (c)
	N1	D0	4.30 c (ab)	4.43 a (a)	4.67 cd (a)	3.77 cd (b)
		D1	4.37 bc (ab)	4.47 a (a)	4.53 d (a)	4.23 bc (b)
		D2	4.87 ab (ab)	4.87 a (ab)	4.93 bc (a)	4.47 ab (b)
	N2	D0	4.70 abc (ab)	4.70 a (a)	4.50 d (ab)	4.13 bcd (b)
		D1	4.50 abc (b)	4.50 a (b)	4.97 abc (a)	4.57 ab (b)
		D2	4.90 a (b)	4.90 a (b)	5.33 a (a)	4.77 a (b)
2017	N0	D0	4.53 cde (a)	4.67 d (a)	4.77 cd (a)	4.63 c (a)
		D1	4.83 bcd (a)	4.73 cd (a)	5.00 abc (a)	4.93 abc (a)
		D2	5.30 a (a)	5.10 abc (a)	5.20 ab (a)	5.20 a (a)
	N1	D0	4.40 e (a)	4.73 cd (a)	4.67 cd (a)	4.73 bc (a)
		D1	4.27 e (b)	4.63 d (a)	4.63 d (a)	4.73 bc (a)
		D2	4.87 bc (a)	4.87 bcd (a)	5.27 a (a)	5.07 ab (a)
	N2	D0	4.47 de (c)	5.00 bcd (ab)	4.57 d (bc)	5.13 ab (a)
		D1	4.80 bcd (a)	5.17 ab (a)	4.90 bcd (a)	5.17 a (a)
		D2	5.17 ab (a)	5.43 a (a)	5.20 ab (a)	5.20 a (a)
平均值	N0		4.79 a	4.88 a	4.93 a	4.54 b
Average	N1		4.54 b	4.66 b	4.79 b	4.58 b
	N2		4.59 b	4.88 a	4.93 a	4.90 a
		D0	4.40 c	4.73 b	4.65 c	4.51 c
		D1	4.57 b	4.70 b	4.83 b	4.63 b
		D2	4.93 a	4.99 a	5.17 a	4.87 a
变异来源	Y		*	**	NS	**
Source of	N		**	**	**	**
variation	D		**	**	**	**
	Y×N		**	**	NS	NS
	Y×D		*	NS	NS	NS
	N×D		**	NS	**	NS
	Y×N×D		**	NS	NS	**

Table 7

Table 8

Effect of the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC on fiber elongation of cotton “four peaches” (%)"

年份 Year	N肥用量 N rate	DPC用量 DPC dosage	伏前桃 Pre-summer boll	伏桃 Summer boll	早秋桃 Early-autumn boll	晚秋桃 Late-autumn boll
2015	N0	D0	4.80 a (b)	5.17 a (a)	5.17 abc (a)	5.03 a (a)
		D1	4.70 a (b)	5.17 a (a)	5.23 a (a)	5.13 a (a)
		D2	4.77 a (b)	5.20 a (a)	5.10 bc (a)	5.10 a (a)
	N1	D0	4.67 a (b)	5.17 a (a)	5.20 ab (a)	5.10 a (a)
		D1	4.77 a (b)	5.13 a (a)	5.23 a (a)	5.17 a (a)
		D2	4.60 a (b)	5.10 a (a)	5.17 abc (a)	5.10 a (a)
	N2	D0	4.73 a (b)	5.20 a (a)	5.07 c (a)	5.13 a (a)
		D1	4.70 a (b)	5.13 a (a)	5.20 ab (a)	5.13 a (a)
		D2	4.70 a (b)	5.17 a (a)	5.17 abc (a)	5.17 a (a)
2016	N0	D0	4.13 a (a)	4.77 a (a)	4.60 a (a)	4.83 a (a)
		D1	4.20 a (b)	4.53 a (a)	4.93 a (a)	4.47 a (b)
		D2	4.23 a (b)	4.83 a (a)	4.63 a (ab)	4.97 a (a)
	N1	D0	4.20 a (a)	4.30 a (a)	4.87 a (a)	4.97 a (a)
		D1	4.63 a (ab)	4.43 a (b)	4.70 a (ab)	5.10 a (a)
		D2	4.67 a (a)	4.57 a (a)	4.40 a (a)	4.87 a (a)
	N2	D0	4.37 a (a)	4.43 a (a)	4.73 a (a)	4.87 a (a)
		D1	4.53 a (a)	4.70 a (a)	4.63 a (a)	4.60 a (a)
		D2	4.23 a (c)	4.40 a (bc)	4.90 a (ab)	5.10 a (a)
2017	N0	D0	6.57 a (a)	6.57 a (a)	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)
		D1	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)
		D2	6.57 a (a)	6.57 a (a)	6.57 a (a)	6.57 a (a)
	N1	D0	6.60 a (a)	6.60 a (a)	6.57 a (a)	6.57 a (a)
		D1	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)
		D2	6.60 a (a)	6.60 a (a)	6.60 a (a)	6.60 a (a)
	N2	D0	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)
		D1	6.50 a (a)	6.57 a (a)	6.53 a (a)	6.53 a (a)
		D2	6.50 a (a)	6.50 a (a)	6.57 a (a)	6.57 a (a)
平均值	N0		5.17 a	5.48 a	5.48 a	5.46 a
Average	N1		5.25 a	5.38 a	5.47 a	5.56 a
	N2		5.21 a	5.40 a	5.48 a	5.51 a
		D0	5.18 a	5.41 a	5.47 a	5.51 a
		D1	5.24 a	5.41 a	5.50 a	5.47 a
		D2	5.21 a	5.44 a	5.46 a	5.56 a
变异来源	Y		**	**	**	**
Source of	N		NS	NS	NS	NS
variation	D		NS	NS	NS	NS
	Y×N		NS	NS	NS	NS
	Y×D		NS	NS	NS	NS
	N×D		NS	NS	NS	NS
	Y×N×D		NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 8

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年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg kg^-1)	pH
2015	9.60	0.56	56.0	4.6	83.0	8.3
2016	9.23	0.33	79.0	6.2	84.0	8.3
2017	9.42	0.58	57.0	4.3	92.0	8.4

年份 Year	日均气温 Mean daily air temperature (℃)	温度比常年 Mean daily temperature than the normal year (℃)	月均降水量 Mean month precipitation (mm)	降水比常年 Mean month precipitation than the normal year (mm)	月均日照时数 Mean month sunshine hours (h)	日照比常年 Mean month sunshine hours than the normal year (h)
2015	22.1	0.0	81.2	-10.8	159.8	-20.6
2016	22.9	0.7	103.6	11.6	158.8	-21.7
2017	22.3	0.8	105.0	12.8	174.5	-3.4

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC combined application on temporal distribution of cotton yield and fiber quality

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