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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1189-1197.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44062

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Correlation between salicylic acid and anthocyanins accumulation in seeds of different varieties in Brassica napus

XIA Qi1(), GUO Ying1, WANG Kun-Mei1, WANG Si-Yi1, JU Jian-Ye2, PENG Ya-Wen2, LIU Zhong-Song2,*(), XIA Shi-Tou1,*()   

  1. 1Hunan Agricultural University / Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2024-04-18 Accepted:2024-12-12 Online:2025-05-12 Published:2024-12-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: zsliu48@hunau.net; E-mail: xstone0505@hunau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China “Regulatory Mechanism of Yellow Seed Genetic Stability in Brassica napus”(U20A2029);National Natural Science Foundation of China “Studies on Regulatory Mechanism of Canola GYF1 Protein and its Interaction Factors on Resistance to Fungal Diseases”(31971836)

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Abstract:

The color difference between yellow- and black-seeded Brassica napus is significant, with proanthocyanidins being one of the main factors influencing this variation. To explore the regulatory role of the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) in rapeseed seed color, this study conducted in-depth analyses of anthocyanins and SA at different developmental stages in seeds and seed coats of B. napus varieties, including the black-seeded “Zhongshuang11” (ZS11) and the yellow-seeded “Huang’aizao” (HAZ), “Huahuang1” (HH1), and GH06. Observations of seed sections and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were employed. The results showed that black-seeded ZS11 exhibited significant pigment accumulation at 25 days after flowering (DAF), whereas yellow-seeded HAZ lacked a pigment-accumulating layer. From 20 DAF, anthocyanins A1 and B2 in the seeds and seed coats of all four varieties gradually increased, peaking at 25 DAF. In ZS11, anthocyanin A1 and B2 levels remained stable and high after 25 DAF, and were significantly higher than those in the three yellow-seeded varieties (HAZ, GH06, and HH1) at the 0.01 significance level. SA content also gradually increased after 15 DAF, peaking between 20 and 25 DAF, and subsequently decreased. Notably, after 20 DAF, SA concentrations in the seeds and seed coats of ZS11 were significantly higher than those in the yellow-seeded varieties. Further analysis revealed a positive correlation between SA concentration and anthocyanin accumulation in B. napus. Moreover, exogenous application of SA (1 mmol L-1) significantly increased pigment accumulation in the seed coats of HAZ and resulted in a higher percentage of dark brown seeds. These findings indicate that elevated SA levels promote anthocyanin accumulation in B. napus seeds and seed coats, contributing to the formation of black seeds, while lower SA levels favor the development of yellow seed traits. This study provides new insights into the role of SA in seed color regulation and offers a theoretical basis for breeding yellow-seeded B. napus varieties.

Key words: Brassica napus, seed color, salicylic acid, proanthocyanins

Fig. 1

Comparison of mature seed colors in Brassica napus. ZS11: Zhongshuang 11; HAZ: Huang’aizao; HH1: Huahuang 1."

Fig. 2

Observation of seed sections during seed development in yellow- and black-seeded Brassica napus The black arrows point to the pigment accumulation layer. Scale bar, 50 μm; ZS11: Zhongshuang 11; HAZ: Huang’aizao."

Table 1

Thickness of seed coat and pigment layer in different rapeseed varieties at different stages after pollination (μm)"

部位
Location		 10 d 15 d 20 d 25 d 30 d 35 d 40 d
黄矮早种皮
Seed coat of HAZ		 68.8±3.3 87.1±6.7 101.0±7.2 104.9±4.5 117.9±4.3 123.8±5.2 109.3±5.3
中双11种皮
Seed coat of ZS11		 67.2±5.0** 86.9±4.0** 96.5±6.0** 109.2±5.5** 148.4±4.1** 152.0±8.0** 117.3±2.9*
黄矮早色素层
Pigment layer of HAZ		 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
中双11色素层
Pigment layer of ZS11		 0 0 0 0 34.2** 33.9** 36.0**

Fig. 3

Procyanidin contents in seeds and seed coats of four B. napus varieties A: procyanidin A1 contents in seeds of four B. napus varieties; B: procyanidin B2 contents in seeds of four B. napus varieties; C: procyanidin A1 contents in seeds coats of four B. napus varieties; D: procyanidin B2 contents in seed coats of four B. napus varieties. ** indicates significant difference at the 0.01 level (P < 0.01). ZS11: Zhongshuang 11; HAZ: Huang’aizao; HH1: Huahuang 1."

Fig. 4

Salicylic acid contents in seeds and seeds coats of four B. napus varieties A: salicylic acid contents in seeds of four B. napus varieties; B: salicylic acid contents in seeds coats of four B. napus varieties. ** indicates significant difference at the 0.01 level (P < 0.01). ZS11: Zhongshuang 11; HAZ: Huang’aizao; HH1: Huahuang 1."

Table 2

Pearson analysis of SA and procyanidin A1 and B2 in rapeseed seeds and seed coats"

器官或组织
Organs or tissues		 物质
Substance		 水杨酸
Salicylic acid		 原花色素A1
Procyanidin A1
种子Seed 原花色素A1 Procyanidin A1 0.464** 1.000
原花色素B2 Procyanidin B2 0.741** 0.837**
种皮Seed coat 原花色素A1 Procyanidin A1 0.317** 1.000
原花色素B2 Procyanidin B2 0.538** 0.927**

Fig. 5

Seed color and percentage of brown seeds in yellow-seeded Brassica napus accession HAZ treated with different concentrations of SA A: seed color of HAZ treated with different concentrations of SA; B: percentage of brown HAZ seeds treated with different concentrations of SA. Scale bar, 1 cm. **, significant difference at the 0.01 level."

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