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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 2139-2151.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.55015

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of straw incorporation combined with nitrogen management on photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rapeseed following rice

FAN You-Zhong1,WANG Xian-Ling1,WANG Zong-Kai1,WANG Chun-Yun1,WANG Tian-Yao2,XIE Jie3,KUAI Jie1,WANG Bo1,WANG Jing1,XU Zheng-Hua1,ZHAO Jie1,ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,4,*   

  1. 1 College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2 Jingzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jingzhou 434007, Hubei, China; 3 Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang 441002, Hubei, China; 4 Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-04-25 Accepted:2025-04-25 Online:2025-08-12 Published:2025-05-23
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1901205).

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Abstract:

Rice–rapeseed rotation is the predominant cropping system for winter rapeseed production in the Yangtze River Basin. Optimizing nitrogen (N) management under straw incorporation is critical for enhancing rapeseed yield, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and supporting sustainable agricultural development. This study was based on a four-year field experiment within a rice–rapeseed rotation system, evaluating the impact of straw incorporation combined with different nitrogen management strategies. The objective was to assess their effects on yield, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic performance in high-density, direct-seeded rapeseed. A split-plot design was employed, with straw management as the main factor (R0: no straw return; R1: full straw return) and nitrogen fertilization strategy as the sub-factor. Five nitrogen treatments were applied: a conventional rate of 240 kg N hm?2 (CK, basal∶ seedling∶ bolting∶ flowering = 6∶4∶0∶0) and a 20% nitrogen reduction (192 kg N hm?2) under four application regimes (N1: 10∶0∶0∶0; N2: 6∶4∶0∶0; N3: 6∶2∶2∶0; N4: 6∶2∶0∶2). Full straw return (R1) significantly increased rapeseed yield by 6.7%, primarily due to higher silique number and seed yield per plant. Under R0, nitrogen reduction led to yield losses ranging from 2.1% to 23.4%, with the N3 treatment showing the smallest decline. Yields under N3 were statistically comparable to CK, attributed to improved plant survival and seed yield per plant from optimized N allocation. Although R1 reduced aboveground dry matter by 26.9% at the seedling stage—likely due to nitrogen competition between decomposing straw and young plants—biomass accumulation increased by 10.3% at maturity. At the seedling and bolting stages, the 20% N reduction significantly decreased leaf area compared to CK. However, during flowering, the N3 treatment maintained a leaf area similar to CK, and significantly higher than other reduced-N treatments, resulting in enhanced light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE), particularly under R1. At flowering, R1 significantly increased Rubisco activity by 3.5%–20.9%, enhancing photosynthetic capacity. The activities of sucrose synthase (SS-I, in the degradation direction) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) were also elevated, promoting sucrose conversion, carbohydrate accumulation, and translocation, thereby contributing to final yield formation. Under N3, Rubisco activity increased by 5.8%–12.4%, accompanied by increased SS-I and SPS activities. These physiological improvements led to higher net photosynthetic rates and RUE during flowering, supporting greater dry matter accumulation and yield. For high-density rapeseed cultivation with full straw incorporation in the Yangtze River Basin, the optimal nitrogen strategy is 192 kg N hm?2 applied as 6∶2∶2 (basal∶ seedling∶ bolting). This fertilization regime effectively balances yield maximization with nitrogen reduction, achieving both high productivity and sustainable nitrogen management.

Key words: rapeseed, straw incorporation, nitrogen management, yield, photosynthesis

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