高产高油高油酸花生品种的生长发育及干物质生产特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55037

Abstract

Abstract:

This study compared the growth dynamics, dry matter accumulation, yield components, and oil accumulation characteristics of three high-oleic-acid peanut varieties—Jihua 915, Jihua 19, and Jihua 521—during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanisms underlying high yield, high oil content, and high oleic acid levels. Results showed that yield followed the order: Jihua 915 > Jihua 19 > Jihua 521. Jihua 915 exhibited a shorter plant height (< 40 cm), an optimal peak leaf area index (about 5.6), and a well-structured above-ground canopy. After pod initiation, Jihua 915 also demonstrated significantly higher crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, pod growth rate, and pod dry matter distribution ratio (48.75%) compared to the other two varieties. Although Jihua 521 had a large leaf area index and high photosynthetic potential during the growth period, its excessively dense canopy structure resulted in a lower allocation of dry matter to pods and reduced yield. Jihua 19 showed intermediate performance across all traits. In terms of oil and oleic acid content, Jihua 915 and Jihua 19 were comparable and both superior to Jihua 521. The peak accumulation rates of oil and oleic acid in Jihua 915 and Jihua 19 were significantly higher than those in Jihua 521, although their accumulation periods were relatively short. The superior performance of Jihua 915—characterized by optimal canopy architecture, efficient dry matter allocation to pods, and

rapid accumulation of oil and oleic acid—was a key contributor to its high yield and quality. The results can provide theoretical basis for breeding new peanut varieties and formulating cultivation technique.

Key words: high oleic acid, peanut, yield, dry matter accumulation, oil accumulation

Jin Xin-Xin, Song Ya-Hui, Su Qiao, Yang Yong-Qing, Wang Jin. Growth and dry matter production characteristics of high-yielding, high-oil, and high oleic acid peanut varieties[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(1): 191-201.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Agronomic traits of high-oleic acid peanut varieties"

指标 Index	年份Year	品种 Variety	苗期 Seeding stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	结荚期 Pod setting stage	成熟期 Pod maturity stage
主茎高SH (cm)	2023	冀花521 Jihua 521	6.56±0.25 b	14.67±1.17 a	37.28±2.07 a	45.83±2.69 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	7.69±1.13 a	13.28±1.92 ab	29.00±3.09 b	33.22±1.68 c
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	6.25±1.24 b	12.78±1.71 b	34.00±1.00 a	39.41±2.36 b
	2024	冀花521 Jihua 521	10.33±0.88 b	19.39±1.00 a	45.28±1.17 b	54.61±1.71 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	11.56±0.86 ab	17.72±1.07 b	36.83±3.09 c	37.39±2.39 c
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	12.33±0.17 a	20.90±2.56 a	50.00±3.12 a	51.94±4.43 b
侧枝长BL (cm)	2023	冀花521 Jihua 521	6.75±0.63 b	15.06±0.95 a	40.89±1.95 a	48.72±0.96 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	8.44±1.43 a	14.39±2.55 a	31.44±2.04 c	35.00±0.44 b
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	6.94±1.29 b	14.44±1.71 a	35.94±1.42 b	45.95±4.02 a
	2024	冀花521 Jihua 521	12.31±0.43 b	21.72±0.63 b	53.56±3.20 a	62.11±1.21 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	13.17±0.76 b	21.28±0.92 b	41.06±1.67 b	39.89±0.59 c
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	14.61±0.25 a	23.63±2.14 a	52.33±6.26 a	57.83±5.54 b
分枝数TBN	2023	冀花521 Jihua 521	6.11±0.95 a	10.44±0.38 a	10.06±0.35 a	10.52±1.13 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	6.50±0.73 a	9.72±0.10 a	10.28±0.48 a	10.22±0.82 a
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	5.72±0.69 a	8.50±0.93 b	8.83±0.76 b	8.78±0.25 b
	2024	冀花521 Jihua 521	8.39±0.42 a	10.39±0.42 a	10.06±0.51 a	9.56±0.42 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	7.83±0.33 a	10.17±0.44 a	10.00±0.01 a	10.17±0.17 a
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	6.72±0.25 b	7.64±0.20 b	7.78±0.25 b	7.72±0.35 b
单株叶面积LA (cm² plant^-1)	2023	冀花521 Jihua 521	331.29±30.32 a	1099.95±111.74 a	2022.48±227.31 a	2171.12±81.70 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	329.61±76.05 a	914.68±51.84 a	1558.16±77.18 b	1699.89±84.33 b
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	270.51±73.33 b	788.34±89.41 b	1645.21±121.58 b	1653.24±238.63 b
	2024	冀花521 Jihua 521	775.98±75.79 a	1223.64±116.45 a	2153.56±125.21 a	2277.37±248.77 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	807.46±2.10 a	1097.53±80.71 a	1731.51±101.45 b	2060.26±176.95 a
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	726.96±54.87 a	1057.24±52.67 a	1814.92±96.67 b	1938.41±84.68 a
叶面积指数LAI	2023	冀花521 Jihua 521	0.99±0.09 a	3.30±0.34 a	6.07±0.68 a	6.51±0.25 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	0.99±0.23 a	2.74±0.16 b	4.67±0.23 b	5.10±0.25 b
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	0.81±0.22 b	2.37±0.27 b	4.94±0.36 b	4.96±0.72 b
	2024	冀花521 Jihua 521	1.86±0.23 a	3.67±0.35 a	6.46±0.38 a	6.83±0.75 a
		冀花915 Jihua 915	1.94±0.01 a	3.29±0.24 a	5.19±0.30 b	6.18±0.53 ab
		冀花19号 Jihua 19	1.74±0.16 a	3.17±0.16 a	5.44±0.29 b	5.82±0.25 b

Table 2

Table 3

Characteristics of photosynthate accumulation in different high-oleic acid peanut varieties"

生育阶段 Development phase	光合物质生产指标 Index of production of dry matter	冀花19号 Jihua 19	冀花521 Jihua 521	冀花915 Jihua 915
苗期Seeding stage	积累量Biomass (kg hm^-2)	1808.83±607.17 a	2009.50±570.99 a	2009.08±585.78 a
	占生物学产量的比例RBSM (%)	12.44±3.28 a	12.65±2.75 a	13.31±3.21 a
	群体生长率CGR (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	50.93±13.62 b	57.10±12.04 a	57.01±12.49 a
	光合势LAD (×10⁴ m² d hm^-2)	13.40±5.17 b	14.78±5.18 ab	15.21±5.51 a
	净同化速率NAR (g m^-2 d^-1)	4.94±0.34 a	5.00±0.42 a	4.90±0.44 a
苗期至开花期 Seeding stage to anthesis stage	积累量Biomass (kg hm^-2)	2047.67±170.41 b	2799.50±39.36 a	2097.58±102.88 b
	占生物学产量的比例RBSM (%)	14.85±1.37 b	18.40±2.54 a	14.43±2.39 b
	群体生长率CGR (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	118.16±37.32 b	160.24±39.95 a	119.17±22.37 b
	光合势LAD (×10⁴m² d hm^-2)	36.75±4.80 b	45.04±0.07 a	41.03±2.59 ab
	净同化速率NAR (g m^-2 d^-1)	5.89±0.60 b	6.63±0.34 a	5.39±0.88 b
	荚果生长率PGR (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	6.81±2.41 b	4.93±1.69 c	8.89±2.29 a
开花期至结荚期 Anthesis stage to pod setting stage	积累量Biomass (kg hm^-2)	6698.05±887.12 ab	7042.17±911.70 a	6110.33±483.66 b
	占生物学产量的比例RBSM (%)	48.37±2.09 a	45.89±1.04 b	41.72±1.60 c
	群体生长率CGR (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	226.76±24.64 a	238.42±25.19 a	206.99±11.43 b
	光合势LAD (×10⁴m² d hm^-2)	117.55±16.54 b	143.90±11.42 a	117.44±13.96 b
	净同化速率NAR (g m^-2 d^-1)	5.90±0.13 a	5.02±0.24 b	5.32±0.24 ab
	荚果生长率PGR (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	94.32±16.26 b	75.94±15.60 c	117.25±13.57 a
结荚期至成熟期 Pod setting stage to maturity stage	积累量Biomass (kg hm^-2)	3344.59±161.72 b	3522.63±241.69 b	4461.01±168.78 a
	占生物学产量的比例RBSM (%)	24.33±3.10 b	23.06±1.93 b	30.53±2.43 a
	群体生长率CGR (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	126.34±9.47 b	133.10±12.67 b	168.48±10.86 a
	光合势LAD (×10⁴m² d hm^-2)	139.98±9.05 b	171.32±2.10 a	139.91±11.26 b
	净同化速率NAR (g m^-2 d^-1)	2.36±0.04 b	2.06±0.12 b	3.20±0.13 a
	荚果生长率PGR (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	100.72±29.37 b	104.31±14.30 b	133.88±1.22 a

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 4

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	百果重 100-pod weight (g)	百仁重 100-seed weight (g)	千克果数 Pods per kg	千克仁数 Seeds per kg
2023	冀花521 Jihua 521	218.21±3.05 b	84.83±2.89b	651±53 b	1560±168 ab
	冀花915 Jihua 915	241.28±0.41 a	96.85±0.79a	640±18 b	1368±60 b
	冀花19号 Jihua 19	210.32±5.18 c	82.52±3.48b	753±39 a	1670±42 a
2024	冀花521 Jihua 521	233.19±1.81 b	87.11±0.51 b	605±5 b	1530±14 a
	冀花915 Jihua 915	244.31±2.17 a	101.42±1.84 a	555±15 c	1288±16 c
	冀花19号 Jihua 19	219.17±2.70 c	89.15±2.62 b	644±2 a	1458±14 b
变异来源 Source of variance	年份 Year (Y)	42.03^**	17.23^**	35.21^**	9.09^*
	品种 Variety (V)	139.73^**	66.52^**	19.68^**	18.08^**
	年份 × 品种Y × V	6.24^*	1.35^ns	1.85^ns	2.32^ns
年份 Year	品种 Variety	出米率 Seed production rate (%)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	单株果数 Pods per plant	饱果率 Full pod rate (%)
2023	冀花521 Jihua 521	64.39±0.91 b	4061.83±35.02 b	10.10±0.50 b	69.10±1.02 b
	冀花915 Jihua 915	69.52±0.32 a	4947.73±129.56 a	13.95±0.05 a	72.72±0.37 a
	冀花19号 Jihua 19	64.71±1.82 b	4639.59±297.63 a	13.30±050 a	68.41±0.80 b
2024	冀花521 Jihua 521	69.73±0.52 b	4378.99±18.79 c	10.60±0.70 b	70.10±1.90 b
	冀花915 Jihua 915	74.50±0.49 a	5520.16±268.04 a	14.56±0.45 a	73.23±0.97 a
	冀花19号 Jihua 19	70.82±0.72 b	4951.66±231.74 b	14.17±0.30 a	70.25±0.95 b
变异来源 Source of variance	年份 Year (Y)	153.00^**	18.63^**	9.16^*	3.02^ns
	品种 Variety (V)	48.76^**	40.01^**	126.13^**	18.79^**
	年份 × 品种Y × V	0.56^ns	0.86^ns	0.25^ns	0.51^ns

Growth and dry matter production characteristics of high-yielding, high-oil, and high oleic acid peanut varieties

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