Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica,

Acta Agron Sin ›› 2010, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (05): 818-825.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00818

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Regularity of Carotenoids and Anthocyanins Accumulation in Various Genotypes of Maize Kernel

CUI Li-Na,GAO Rong-Qi,SUN Ai-Qing,DONG Shu-Ting,ZHANG Hua-Yong   

  1. Agronomy College of Shandong agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai'an 271018,china
  • Received:2009-10-26 Revised:2010-02-04 Online:2010-05-12 Published:2010-03-15
  • Contact: DONG Shu-Ting, E-mail: stdong@sdau.edu.cn

Abstract:

Colourful maize (Zea mays L.) kernel contains a huge amount of pigments such as carotenoids and anthocyanins, which is the main origin of natural pigments. Many studies focused on the extraction method and pigments characteristics, but the accumulation regulations of maize pigments have not been clear yet. Four maize varieties with different colours such as Zinuoxiang (purple), Xixingchinuo 1 (red), Xixingheinuo 1 (black), and Tebao 2 (yellow) were used to study the composition, distribution and accumulation regularity of maize pigments by bare-handed sections and spectrophotometry. The results showed that the pigments of Xixingchinuo 1 consisted of carotenoids and anthocyanins. The anthocyanins mainly existed in seed capsule, which appeared firstly at the top of embryo nearby the style vestige, and then extended around. The dorsum of maize kernels contained higher anthocyanins contents than the abdomen. The carotenoids mainly existed in embryo and endosperm, which first appeared at the top of kernels, and then extended around with the time. Carotenoids were the predominant pigments in Tebao 2, and their distribution and accumulation regularities were consistent with those in Xixingchinuo 1. The pigments of Zinuoxiang and Xixingheinuo 1 were mainly anthocyanins, which predominantly existed in aleurone layer of maize kernels. The anthocyanins appeared at the top of kernels firstly, the absorption peak of pigments of maize kernels (except in Zinuoxiang) decreased after an initial increase with the grain-filling time. At the early stage of grain-filling, the pigment contents of maize kernels in the different parts of maize spike showed the following regulations: the upper > the middle > the basal. While at the late stage of grain-filling, the pigments contents of middle part of kernels of maize spike were much higher than those of other two parts.

Key words: Maize(Zea mays L.), Anthocyanin, Carotenoid, Genotypes


[1] Quackenbush F W, Dyer M A, Smallidge R L. Vitamins and other Nutrients-Analysis for carotenes and xanthophylls in dried plant materials. J AOAC Int, 1970, 53: 181-185

[2] Wang W(王威), Wang C-L(王春利), Yan B-Z(闫炳宗). Studies on an edible natural maize-yellow pigment. Food & Ind (食品与发酵工业), 1994, 25(2): 36-40 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[3] HiromitsuI A. Anthocyanins isolated from purple corn. Foods & Food Ingred J Jpn, 2002, 199: 41-45

[4] Cao X-Y(曹小勇), Li X-S(李新生). Investigations of anthocyanins of black rice and their prospect. Amino Acids & Bio Resour (氨基酸和生物资源). 2002, 24(1): 3-6

[5] Tsuda T, Watanabe M, Ohshima K, Norinobu S, Choi S W, Kawakishi S, Osawa T.Antioxidative activity of the anthocyanin pigments cyaniding 3-O-β-D-glucoside and cyanidin. J Agric Food Chem, 1994, 42: 2407-2410

[6] Li L-R(李莉蓉), Zhang M-W(张名位), Li L-W(刘邻渭). Wei Z-C(魏振承), Zhang R-F(张瑞芬). Comparing antioxidant stability of anthocyanin extracts in seed cats of three black cereal and oil crops. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2007, 40(9): 2045-2052 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[7] Malik M, Zhao C, Schoene N, Guisti M M. Moyer M P, Magnuson B A. Anthocyanin- rich extract from Aronia meloncarpa E induces a cell cycle block in colon cancer but not normal colonic cells. Nutr & Cancer, 2003, 46: 186-196

[8] Singletary K W, Stansbury M J, Giusti M, Breemen R B, Wallig M, Rimando A. Inhibition of rat mammary tumorigenesis by concord grape juice constituents. J Agric Food Chem, 2003, 51: 7280-7286

[9] Nakaishi H, Matsumoto H, Tominaga S. Effects of black currant anthocyanoside intake on dark adaptation and VDT work-in duced transient refractive alternation in healthy humans. Altern Med Rev, 2000, 5: 553-562

[10] Kramer J H, Canter P H. Anthocyanosides of Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) for night vision: A systematic review of placebo- controlledtrials. Surv Ophthalmol, 2004, 49: 38-50

[11] Dong Q-S(董青松), Meng A-D(蒙爱东), Huang Q-Y(黄秋银), Chen S-F(陈述富), Xie B-Y(谢冰莹). Associated with the color of seed and sprouting rate in desmodium styracifolium. China Seed Ind (中国种业), 2007, 10: 36-37 (in Chinese)

[12] Grotewold E. The challenges of moving chemicals within and out of cells: Insights into the transport of plant natural products. Planta, 2004, 219: 906-909

[13] Gisela J, Wilhelm F. Coloured potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.): Anthocyanin content and tuber quality. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 2006, 53: 1321-1331

[14] Boss P K. Analysis of the exp ression of anthocyanin pathway genes in developing Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz grape berries and the imp lications for pathw ay regulation. Plant Physiol, 1996, 111: 1059-1066

[15] Ju Z-G(鞠志国), Yuan Y-B(原永兵), Liu C-L(刘成连), Dai H-Y(戴洪义), Zhan S-M(战淑敏). Study on characteristics of phenolics synthesis in apple peel. J Laiyang Agric Coll (莱阳农学院学报), 1992, 9(3): 222-225 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[16] Frangne N, Eggmann T, Koblischke C, Weissenböck G, Martinoia E, Klein M. Flavone glucoside uptake into barley mesophyll and Arabidopsis cell culture vacuoles. Energization occurs by H+ antiport and ATP binding cassette type mechanisms. Plant Physiol, 2002, 128: 726-733

[17] Sheng W(盛玮), Xue J-P(薛建平), Xie B-J(谢笔钧). Study on extraction and stability of pigment from super black glutinous maize. Food Sci 食品科学), 2009, 30(4): 103-106 (in Chinese with English abstract)(

[18] Wang X-G(王新广), Luo X-Q (罗先群), Yun Y(云芸). The research on the extraction and stability of black glutinous. China Food Additives (中国食品添加剂), 2003, 5: 19-21(in Chinese with English abstract)

[19] Osawa T. Functional activity of polyphenols anthocynins. Foods & Food Ingred J Jpn, 2001, 192: 4-10

[20] Zhang H-J(张红军), Zhang W-Q(张文强), Wang S-H(王韶红), Zhou Q-Q(周庆强). The Seed color of genetic basis and their xenia application. Seed Sci & Technol-26 ( (种子科技), 1999, 6: 25in Chinese)

[21] Kenneth R, Markham, Kevin S, Gould, C S, Stephen J B, Murray R B. Anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions their nature and significance in flower colouration. Phytochemistry, 2000, 55: 327-336

[22] Qun S (孙群), Bao Q-S(孙宝启). Dynamic of seed pigment contents of black kernel wheat at different development stages. Sci Agric Sin(中国农业科学), 2001, 34(4): 461-464 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[23] Christine E L, John R L, Jane E L. Changes inanthocyanin, flavonoid and phenolic acid concentrations during development and storage of coloured potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. J Sci Food Agric, 1999, 79: 311-316

[24] Lü F-M(吕福梅), Shen X(沈翔), Wang D-S(王东升), Qu X-L(曲晓玲), Li Y-M(李亚萌). Study on the Pigments in Prunus×Cistena pissardii and its Photosynthetic Characters. Chin Agric Sci Bull (中国农学通报), 2005, 21(2): 225-228

[25] Bureau S, Renard C M G C, Reich M, Ginies C, Audergon J-M. Change in anthocyanin concentrations in red apricot fruits during ripening. LWT—Food Sci Technol, 2009, 42: 372-377
[1] NIU Na, LIU Zhen, HUANG Peng-Xiang, ZHU Jin-Yong, LI Zhi-Tao, MA Wen-Jing, ZHANG Jun-Lian, BAI Jiang-Ping, LIU Yu-Hui. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of potato GAUT gene family [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(12): 2348-2361.
[2] YI Qiu-Xiang,LIU Ying,CHANG Cun,ZHONG Rui-Sen. Estimation of cotton Car/Chla ratio by hyperspectral vegetation indices and partial least square regression [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(8): 1266-1274.
[3] YANG Xiao-Meng, LI Xia, PU Xiao-Ying, DU Juan, Muhammad Kazim Ali, YANG Jia-Zhen, ZENG Ya-Wen, YANG Tao. QTL mapping for total grain anthocyanin content and 1000-kernel weight in barley recombinant inbred lines population [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(01): 52-61.
[4] Huan TAN,Yu-Hui LIU,Li-Xia LI,Li WANG,Yuan-Ming LI,Jun-Lian ZHANG. Cloning and Functional Analysis of R2R3 MYB Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Potato Tuber [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(7): 1021-1031.
[5] XU Yu-Chao,HOU Xi-Lin,XU Wei-Wei,SHEN Lu-Lu,ZHANG Shi-Lin,LIU Shi-Tuo,HU Chun-Mei. Cloning and Expression Analysis of Anthocyanidin Synthase Gene BrcANS from Purple Non-heading Chinese Cabbage [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42(06): 850-859.
[6] ZHOU Tian-Shan,WANG Xin-Chao,YU You-Ben,XIAO Yao,QIAN Wen-Jun,XIAO Bin,YANG Ya-Jun. Correlation Analysis between Total Catechins (or Anthocyanins) and Expression Levels of Genes Involved in Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Tea Plant with Purple Leaf [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42(04): 525-531 .
[7] XIE Hui,DANG Xiao-Jing,LIU Er-Bao,ZENG Si-Yuan,HONG De-Lin. Identifying SSR Marker Locus Genotypes with Elite Combining Ability for Yield Traits in Backbone Parents of Japonica Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Jianghuai Area [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42(03): 330-343.
[8] XIAO Yong-Gui, LI Si-Min, LI Fa-Ji, ZHANG Hong-Yan, CHEN Xin-Min, WANG De-Sen, XIA Xian-Chun, HE Zhong-Hu. Genetic Analysis of Yield and Physiological Traits in Elite Parent Jing 411 and Its Derivatives under Two Fertilization Environments [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(09): 1333-1342.
[9] HUANG Hai-Tao,RONG Xiang-Min,SONG Hai-Xing,LIU Qiang,LIAO Qiong,LUO Ji-Peng,GU Ji-Dong,GUAN Chun-Yun,ZHANG Zhen-Hua. Effect of Nitrate Reductase (NR) Inhibitor on NR Activity in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) and Its Relation to Nitrate Content [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(09): 1668-1673.
[10] LIU Min-Xuan,LU Ping. Distribution of Vitamin E Content and Its Correlation with Agronomic Traits and Carotenoids Content in Foxtail Millet Varieties in China [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(03): 398-408.
[11] WANG Tao,YUAN Shou-Jiang,YIN Liang,ZHAO Jin-Feng,WAN Jian-Min,LI Xue-Yong. Genetic Basis of the High-Tillering Dwarf Trait in the Rice DUS Test Standard Variety Cong’ai 2 [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(10): 1766-1774.
[12] ZHANG Qiong-Yu, LI Jun, ZHAO Ai-Chun, WANG Xi-Ling, JIN Xiao-Yun, Li Zhen-Gang,YU Mao-De. Molecular Cloning and Information Analysis of ANS Genes Encoding Anthocyanin Synthases from Mulberry (Morus alba) [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(07): 1253-1263.
[13] QIN Hong-Ni, YAN Meng, WANG Zhao-Hui, GUO Ying, WANG Hui, SUN Hai-Yan, LIU Zhi-Zhai, CAI Yi-Lin. QTL Mapping for Anthocyanin and Melanin Contents in Maize Kernel [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(02): 275-284.
[14] ZHAO Feng, ZHANG Wei-Jian, ZHANG Xiu-Fu, WANG Dan-Yang, XU Chun-Mei. Effect of Continuous Aeration on Growth and Activity of Enzymes Related to Nitrogen Metabolism of Different Rice Genotypes at Tillering Stage [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(02): 344-351.
[15] WANG Hai-Wei, WANG Zhen-Lin, WANG Ping, WANG Shu-Gang, HUANG Wei, WU Yu-Guo, SUN Lan-Zhen, YIN Yan-Ping. Effect of Shading Post Anthesis on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Activities of Related Enzymes in Colored-Grain Wheat [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(06): 1093-1100.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!