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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 289-296.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.01105

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of different types of biochar on soil microorganism and rhizome diseases occurrence of flue-cured tobacco

Cheng-Jiang LI1,Da-Fei LI2,Gui-Su ZHOU1,Long XU2,Tian-Yang XU2,Zheng-Xiong ZHAO1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
    2 Wenshan Tobacco Company, Yunnan Tobacco Company, Wenshan 663000, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2018-05-30 Accepted:2018-10-08 Online:2019-02-12 Published:2018-11-01
  • Contact: Zheng-Xiong ZHAO E-mail:zhaozx0801@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Tobacco Company(2016YN14)

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Abstract:

A field experiment was carried out to study effects of rice husk biochar and wood biochar application respectively on rhizosphere microorganisms, rhizome diseases occurrence, and leaf yield of flue-cured tobacco. The application of biochar significantly affected the amount of rhizosphere microorganisms and the use of carbon sources of flue-cured tobacco. In turn, as well as the occurrences of granville wilt and tobacco black shank, also the yield and output value of tobacco leaf, which varied with the types of biochar. The treatment of wood biochar significantly increased the number of bacteria at vigorous growth stage and actinomycete at mature stage in flue-cured tobacco by 11.7% and 12.8% respectively, while the treatment of rice husk biochar significantly increased the number of fungus in both stages. Compared with the control, the application of biochar significantly reduced the number of Ralstonia solanacearm and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianac and the percentage to total microorganism. But rhizosphere microorganisms of flue-cured tobacco had the opposite effect on the carbon use ability in vigorous growing stage; before mature stage, phenolic acids and amines used by rhizosphere microorganisms were the lowest. The effect above, was more obvious in treatment of wood biochar than in treatment of rice husk biochar. Compared with control, the treatment of wood biochar decreased the incidence and disease index of granville wilt by 24.3% and 33.3%, and those of tobacco black shank decreased by 23.9% and 14.9%, while increased the output and output value by 4.7% and 21.1%. In rice husk biochar treatment, the incidence and disease index of granville wilt decreased by 18.1% and 23.9%, the incidence and disease index of tobacco black shank decreased by 15.9% and 6.0%, and the output and output value increased by 2.2% and 12.0%. In summary, the application of biochar can significantly impactive the situations of rhizosphere microorganisms of flue-cured tobacco and the utilization of different types of biochar, reducing the occurrence of granville wilt and black shank, and increasing the yield and output value of tobacco leaf. The effect of wood biochar is better.

Key words: biochar, flue-cured tobacco, root-zone microorganisms, granville wilt, tobacco black shank, yield, output value

Table 1

Properties of biochar in pot experiment"

生物炭
Biochar		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total P
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total K
(g kg-1)		 电导率
Electric conductivity
(mS cm-1)
稻壳炭 Rice husk biochar 9.46 17.33 0.28 28.32 39.08 4.79
木屑炭 Wood biochar 6.35 51.60 0.35 16.63 11.12 6.03

Table 2

Rhizosphere soil microbe amount"

测定项目
Tested assay		 处理
Treatment		 旺长期
Vigorous growing stage		 采烤前
Mature stage
细菌
Bacteria (×106 cfu g-1)		 CK 5.28±0.23 b 3.17±2.15 a
RB 5.45±0.98 b 3.49±2.23 a
WB 5.90±0.49 a 3.52±2.17 a
真菌
Fungi (×104 cfu g-1)		 CK 3.75±1.90 b 6.11±2.17 b
RB 5.00±2.43 a 10.38±2.19 a
WB 3.97±2.55 b 8.17±2.56 b
放线菌
Actinomycets (×105 cfu g-1)		 CK 15.58±1.90 a 17.55±1.00 b
RB 15.90±1.12 a 18.03±1.28 b
WB 15.98±0.97 a 19.80±1.59 a
微生物总量
Total microorganisms amount (×106 cfu g-1)		 CK 6.85±0.21 b 5.02±0.15 b
RB 7.05±0.21 ab 5.33±0.15 a
WB 7.49±0.21 a 5.62±0.15 a

Fig. 1

Average well color development of rhizosphere microorganisms at different treatments CK: no biochar; RB: rice husk biochar; WB: wood biochar."

Table 3

Utilization of six categories of carbon sources by rhizosphere microorganisms in different treatments"

测定时期
Measurement period		 处理
Treatment		 碳水化合物
Carbohydrate		 氨基酸类
Amino acid		 聚合物
Polymer		 酚酸类
Phenothiazine		 胺类
Propylamine		 羧酸类
RCOOH
旺长期
Vigorous growing stage		 CK 0.41±0.07 b 0.32±0.04 b 0.38±0.06 b 0.10±0.01 c 0.11±0.01 c 0.38±0.10 b
RB 0.43±0.06 b 0.55±0.02 b 0.40±0.04 b 0.22±0.02 b 0.33±0.03 b 0.40±0.04 ab
WB 0.69±0.02 a 0.99±0.06 a 0.89±0.17 a 0.45±0.05 a 0.53±0.04 a 0.55±0.12 a
采烤前
Mature stage		 CK 0.41±0.03 b 0.57±0.13 b 0.32±0.10 b 0.26±0.10 a 0.55±0.03 b 0.70±0.04 a
RB 0.55±0.14 ab 0.77±0.05 a 0.67± 0.04 a 0.16±0.08 a 0.43±0.04 b 0.71±0.04 a
WB 0.62±0.10 a 0.84±0.02 a 0.79± 0.03 a 0.12±0.03 a 0.35±0.05 a 0.60±0.08 a

Fig. 2

Number and percentage of Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianac in rhizosphere microorganisms of different treatments Bars respective indicated by different letters are significant by different at P<0.05. Growing stage: vigorous growing stage; Phytophthora parasitica: Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianac. CK: no biochar; RB: rice husk biochar; WB: wood biochar."

Table 4

Effects of biochar on main diseases of flue-cured tobacco"

处理
Treatment		 项目
Item		 旺长期 Vigorous growing stage 采烤前 Mature stage
青枯病
Granvillel wilt		 黑胫病
Tobacco black shank		 青枯病
Granville wilt		 黑胫病
Tobacco black shank
发病率
Incidence rate (%)		 CK 3.37 a 1.76 a 4.67 a 2.63 a
RB 2.76 b 1.48 b 3.53 b 2.24 b
WB 2.55 c 1.34 c 3.50 b 2.20 b
病情指数
Disease index (%)		 CK 2.34 a 1.34 a 4.36 a 2.34 a
RB 1.78 b 1.26 a 2.98 b 1.52 b
WB 1.56 c 1.14 c 2.73 b 1.49 b

Table 5

Effects of biochar on economic characters of flue-cured tobacco"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)		 产值
Output value (yuan hm-2)		 上等烟比例
Proportion of high grade tobacco leaf (%)
CK 2092.5 b 48576.0 b 51.1 a
RB 2139.0 a 54415.5 a 53.1 a
WB 2190.5 a 58821.0 a 54.3 a
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