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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 508-521.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83060

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

QTL mapping of salt and alkaline tolerance-related traits at the germination and seedling stage in maize (Zea mays L.) using three analytical methods

ZHANG Chun-Xiao1,LI Shu-Fang1,JIN Feng-Xue1,LIU Wen-Ping1,LI Wan-Jun2,LIU Jie1,3,LI Xiao-Hui1,*()   

  1. 1 Crop Germplasm Resources Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin, China
    2 Taonan Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taonan 137100, Jilin, China
    3 College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133400, Jilin, China
  • Received:2018-08-17 Accepted:2019-01-12 Online:2019-04-12 Published:2019-02-01
  • Contact: Xiao-Hui LI E-mail:lixiaohui2002lix@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0100103);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CXGC2017JC001, CXGC2017TD001).

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Abstract:

The recombinant inbred line (RIL) F2:5 population was derived from a cross between Zheng 58 tolerant to alkaline stress and Chang 7-2 sensitive to alkaline stress. By using the 3K chips, the high-density genetic map with 1407 SNP markers was constructed. The number of markers on 10 chromosomes ranged from 84 to 191, and the average physical distance between two markers was 0.81 cM. The germination percentage (GP), plant height (PH), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), tissue water content (TWC), shoot Na + concentration (SNC), shoot K + concentration (SKC), shoot K +/Na + ratio (NKR), salt tolerance rating (STR), or alkaline tolerance rating (ATR) were measured under 200 mmol L -1 NaCl solution of salt stress, 100 mmol L -1 Na2CO3 solution of alkaline stress and the normal water or full-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solutions irrigation as control conditions. The additive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis was conducted by using the composite interval mapping (CIM) and the complete interval mapping method (ICIM), the additive and epistatic QTL × environment interaction effects were analyzed by using the mixed composite interval mapping method (MCIM). Compared with the normal condition, the alkaline stress decreased the tolerance more significantly than the salt stress. Maize was more sensitive to the alkaline stress. The harm of alkaline stress on maize was more serious. The SKC was comparable, but the SNC had great difference for alkaline and salt stresses indicating that the uptake and transport of Na + and K + were independent and salt and alkali were two different kinds of stresses. Under normal condition, salt stress and alkaline stress, 27, 28, and 40 additive QTLs were respectively detected by CIM, and 28, 13, and 17 additive QTLs were respectively detected by ICIM. By using MCIM, a total of 11 additive QTLs and 4 QTL × environment interaction QTLs for salt tolerance-related traits, as well as a total of 11 additive QTLs and 3 QTL × environment interaction QTLs for alkaline tolerance-related traits were detected. The QTLs qPH-9, qSTR-8, qNKR-6, qNKR-7 for salt tolerance and qPH-9, q-ATR-3 for alkaline tolerance were repeatedly detected by three mapping methods. After comparing the physical positions of these QTLs with those previously reported, we found qPH-9, qSTR-8, qNKR-6, and q-ATR-3 were located in the same or adjacent position, but qNKR-7 was newly reported. The present study provides a good basis for mapping major genes, mining candidate genes and developing practically functional markers applied in the improvement of salt and alkaline tolerance-related traits in maize.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), germination stage, seedling stage, salt/alkaline tolerance, QTL mapping

Table 1

Phenotypic performance for traits related to seedling growth of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and their parents determined under normal, 200 mmol L-1 NaCl, and 100 mmol L-1 Na2CO3"

性状
Trait		 处理
Treatment		 亲本Parents 重组自交系群体 RIL populations
郑58
Zheng 58		 昌7-2
Chang 7-2		 均值
Mean		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 变异系数
CV (%)		 偏度
Kurtosis		 峰度
Skewness
发芽率 对照N 1.00 1.00 0.83 0.13 1.00 25.62 -1.36 1.06
GP (%) 盐胁迫S 0.40 0.33* 0.50 0.00 1.00 54.30 -0.10 -1.07
碱胁迫A 0.60 0.33** 0.26 0.00 0.73 65.21 0.61 0.03
株高 对照N 30.50 32.20 35.34 22.90 50.30 13.64 -0.03 0.20
PH (cm) 盐胁迫S 34.10 26.65** 34.03 21.35 49.40 15.10 0.17 -0.11
碱胁迫A 29.95 20.50** 27.53 18.00 40.50 16.46 0.54 0.12
地上鲜重 对照N 1.18 1.38 1.41 0.64 2.51 25.93 0.25 -0.14
FW (g) 盐胁迫S 0.91 0.64** 1.20 0.48 2.74 30.80 0.67 1.41
碱胁迫A 0.99 0.75* 0.99 0.46 2.09 31.23 1.03 1.16
地上干重 对照N 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.18 27.37 0.72 1.29
DW (g) 盐胁迫S 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.23 27.50 0.93 2.32
碱胁迫A 0.08 0.06* 0.07 0.03 0.16 27.24 0.94 1.04
组织含水量 对照N 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.92 0.95 0.57 -0.44 0.95
TWC (%) 盐胁迫S 0.91 0.88 0.91 0.85 0.94 1.30 -1.38 4.47
碱胁迫A 0.90 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.96 1.04 -0.42 0.61
耐盐率STR 盐胁迫S 2.80 4.00** 2.86 1.56 4.30 19.10 0.30 -0.30
耐碱率ATR 盐胁迫A 1.67 3.22** 2.17 1.00 4.78 41.52 0.35 -0.67
钾含量 对照N 82.45 81.40 81.43 66.32 112.52 48.91 0.66 -0.05
SKC (mg g-1) 盐胁迫S 9.13 8.42 9.18 6.64 11.88 10.60 0.04 0.12
碱胁迫A 9.25 7.91 9.04 6.83 11.71 10.89 0.27 -0.55
钠含量 对照N 2.02 3.16* 2.23 0.88 4.97 39.18 0.63 -0.64
SNC (mg g-1) 盐胁迫S 59.70 71.02** 69.14 42.18 105.13 18.40 0.28 -0.32
碱胁迫A 23.91 39.38** 37.99 24.38 79.70 28.24 -0.08 -0.28
钠钾比 对照N 0.02 0.04** 0.03 0.01 0.06 37.18 0.45 -0.59
NKR (%) 盐胁迫S 0.15 0.12* 7.62 4.50 13.45 59.90 -0.53 -1.02
碱胁迫A 2.59 4.98** 4.36 1.34 9.24 29.40 -0.15 -0.48

Fig. 1

Correlation analysis and frequency distribution of related traits of F2:5 in N treatment * and ** significant at the 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively; NS: no significant. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

Correlation analysis and frequency distribution of salt tolerance-related traits of F2:5 in salt treatment * and ** significant at the 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively; NS: no significant. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Correlation analysis and frequency distribution of alkali tolerance-related traits of F2:5 in alkaline treatment * and ** significant at the 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively; NS: no significant. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 4

Maize genetic linkage map based on SNP markers"

Supplementary table 1

QTL mapping of salt and alkali tolerance-related traits based on CIM model"

QTL 性状
Trait		 处理
Treatment		 染色体
Chr.		 位置
Position (cM)		 左标记
Left marker		 右标记
Right marker		 置信区间
LOD		 加性效应
Additive		 贡献率
R2
qGP-1-2 GP N 1 118.1 SYN15309 SYN25375 3.26 0.54 2.40
qGP-3-2 GP N 3 52.4 PZE-103034323 SYN31233 8.01 -0.50 3.00
qGP-4-4 GP N 4 34.1 PZE-104022472 PZE-104023120 4.28 0.90 9.30
qGP-5-4 GP N 5 118.5 PZE-105156153 PZE-105116507 7.85 -0.85 4.13
qGP-7-3 GP N 7 78.5 PZE-107136612 SYN18602 2.64 -0.46 6.55
qGP-2-3 GP S 2 64.8 PZE-102076037 SYN36641 4.44 1.04 9.07
qGP-5-1 GP S 5 12.3 SYN3124 SYN29224 3.67 -0.29 4.57
qGP-5-2 GP S 5 67.0 PUT-163a-148940529-435 PZE-105164922 2.58 0.02 2.05
qGP-8-1 GP S 8 33.8 PZE-108018114 PZE-108020824 2.81 -0.36 5.06
qGP-1-3 GP A 1 121.5 SYN36600 PZE-101199598 5.12 0.50 3.60
qGP-2-1 GP A 2 37.8 SYN8349 PZE-102179936 3.83 0.53 9.56
qGP-4-1 GP A 4 0.0 PZE-104000045 PUT-163a-50332311-2217 2.63 -0.47 5.59
qGP-7-2 GP A 7 21.9 PZE-107017584 PZE-107020326 6.53 0.73 16.02
qPH-1-2 PH N 1 81.4 PZE-101060842 SYN29464 2.61 -0.82 5.47
qPH-2-3 PH N 2 81.2 SYN30561 SYN11378 4.08 -0.72 5.95
qPH-3-4 PH N 3 55.3 PZE-103139096 PZE-103044762 3.08 -0.71 2.70
qPH-6-1 PH N 6 1.0 SYN11566 PUT-163a-74244759-3691 2.73 4.12 8.19
qPH-9-4 PH N 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 3.53 1.66 9.59
qPH-1-1 PH S 1 23.0 PZE-101117015 SYN11490 2.61 -1.76 5.58
qPH-6-3 PH S 6 104.0 SYN27121 PZE-106115356 3.33 1.43 7.16
qPH-8-3 PH S 8 33.8 PZE-108018114 PZE-108020824 4.64 1.55 11.43
qPH-9-5 PH S 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 3.68 1.70 6.26
qPH-2-2 PH A 2 66.7 PZE-102050753 PZB02035.2 2.68 -0.80 4.75
qPH-3-1 PH A 3 7.2 SYN39155 SYN15340 3.58 -0.29 2.65
qPH-5-1 PH A 5 33.6 SYN1390 SYN34468 3.05 1.48 7.17
qPH-8-2 PH A 8 30.2 SYN20702 PZE-108016333 5.47 1.50 5.27
qPH-10-1 PH A 10 59.5 PZE-110075434 PZE-110111417 6.64 3.08 8.10
qFW-1-3 FW N 1 130.3 SYN13476 SYN30022 2.96 0.98 3.43
qFW-3-6 FW N 3 59.3 PZE-103139096 PZE-103044762 2.69 -1.90 26.16
qFW-6-1 FW N 6 77.2 PZE-106074560 PZE-106075137 2.94 -0.70 5.16
qFW-7-2 FW N 7 39.9 SYN29953 SYN18186 4.49 -1.02 10.65
qFW-9-2 FW N 9 36.1 PZE-109038570 SYN30924 3.90 1.21 5.83
qFW-3-1 FW S 3 4.2 SYN772 SYN39155 2.73 1.05 4.06
qFW-9-7 FW S 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 4.03 1.33 11.16
qFW-10-1 FW S 10 57.6 PZE-110002524 PZE-110075434 4.74 -1.86 2.49
qFW-1-1 FW A 1 5.0 PZE-101117015 SYN11490 3.06 3.45 25.45
qFW-2-2 FW A 2 68.1 PZB02035.2 PZE-102046959 6.61 -0.57 8.51
qFW-3-2 FW A 3 8.2 SYN39155 SYN15340 2.83 -0.34 3.37
qFW-3-5 FW A 3 57.3 PZE-103139096 PZE-103044762 2.71 -0.38 2.89
qFW-3-7 FW A 3 107.0 SYN31043 SYN30138 2.95 0.89 5.16
qFW-5-1 FW A 5 117.5 PZE-105156153 PZE-105116507 3.46 -0.99 3.40
qFW-10-2 FW A 10 59.5 PZE-110075434 PZE-110111417 8.75 2.85 18.78
qDW-1-1 DW N 1 79.5 PZE-101058154 SYN11245 2.81 -0.61 4.60
qDW-1-5 DW N 1 130.9 PUT-163a-71766009-3502 SYN13025 4.01 0.81 8.07
qDW-3-5 DW N 3 58.3 PZE-103139096 PZE-103044762 2.58 -1.33 16.57
qDW-6-2 DW N 6 77.2 PZE-106074560 PZE-106075137 3.37 -0.40 4.61
qDW-7-1 DW N 7 32.4 PZE-107065747 PZE-107068965 4.55 -0.71 11.44
qDW-2-1 DW S 2 1.4 SYN30559 SYN17595 2.81 2.93 7.34
qDW-8-1 DW S 8 33.8 PZE-108018114 PZE-108020824 2.53 0.68 6.95
qDW-2-3 DW A 2 68.1 PZB02035.2 PZE-102046959 2.69 -0.34 5.05
qDW-3-1 DW A 3 7.2 SYN39155 SYN15340 3.68 -0.30 5.70
qDW-3-2 DW A 3 12.3 SYN10329 SYN31006 3.19 -0.39 5.80
qDW-6-1 DW A 6 22.6 PZE-106010873 PZE-106021096 3.22 -0.17 2.97
qDW-8-5 DW A 8 59.5 PZE-108103951 PZE-108073114 3.88 2.21 24.44
qDW-10-1 DW A 10 58.5 PZE-110002524 PZE-110111417 9.31 1.46 2.51
qTWC-5-1 TWC N 5 53.4 PZE-105134931 PZE-105146550 3.01 -1.20 7.84
qTWC-5-5 TWC N 5 119.5 PZE-105156153 PZE-105116507 3.96 -4.43 9.93
qTWC-7-1 TWC N 7 17.7 SYN9669 PZE-107016614 3.64 -1.14 4.88
qTWC-3-2 TWC S 3 38.4 PZE-103034323 SYN31233 7.32 0.21 2.03
qTWC-7-2 TWC S 7 17.7 SYN9669 PZE-107016614 6.41 0.17 2.74
qTWC-9-2 TWC S 9 40.3 PZE-109070385 PZE-109072991 3.20 0.35 10.31
qTWC-2-1 TWC A 2 66.7 PZE-102050753 PZB02035.2 2.74 -1.23 4.26
qTWC-3-4 TWC A 3 88.7 PUT-163a-60351350-2652 PZE-103149597 4.45 3.11 12.83
qTWC-5-2 TWC A 5 75.3 PZE-105166634 PZE-105180267 3.30 -2.57 8.93
qSNC-2-4 SNC S 2 42.6 PZE-102176758 PZE-102175663 3.48 -3.85 2.34
qSNC-3-2 SNC S 3 25.8 PZE-103028604 PZE-103029988 2.71 -4.30 7.78
qSNC-3-4 SNC S 3 34.0 PZE-103049728 PZE-103050226 2.70 -3.85 6.59
qSNC-1-3 SNC A 1 146.6 SYN11155 SYN3285 3.12 3.84 4.33
qSNC-2-2 SNC A 2 8.3 SYN30559 SYN17595 4.70 6.38 13.78
qSNC-3-5 SNC A 3 98.2 SYN25148 PZE-103161091 3.28 -4.48 6.99
qSNC-4-1 SNC A 4 109.1 SYN1804 SYN21539 3.63 -1.95 8.23
qSNC-10-1 SNC A 10 11.6 PZE-110052763 PZE-110037004 2.75 3.35 2.07
qSKC-1-1 SKC N 1 60.0 SYN35792 PZE-101032517 2.93 12.79 8.04
qSKC-4-3 SKC N 4 52.8 PZE-104102175 SYN1845 2.86 -12.01 7.64
qSKC-4-4 SKC S 4 54.9 PZE-104108744 SYN14363 2.74 -7.15 3.07
qSKC-5-1 SKC A 5 14.2 SYN37537 PZE-105022648 2.58 -1.45 4.46
qSKC-5-2 SKC A 5 67.0 PUT-163a-148940529-435 PZE-105164922 3.64 -4.49 9.48
qSKC-5-3 SKC A 5 79.8 PZE-105180266 SYN31311 3.29 3.42 10.38
qSKC-9-1 SKC A 9 31.9 PZE-109019058 PZE-109016576 2.69 -1.13 4.47
qSKC-10-1 SKC A 10 35.7 PZE-110001452 PZE-110002524 2.73 -0.73 2.10
qNKR-4-1 NKR N 4 27.9 SYN33243 PZE-104018854 10.86 -0.10 3.30
qNKR-5-2 NKR N 5 100.4 PZE-105163718 PZE-105156153 17.94 0.14 2.33
qNKR-1-1 NKR S 1 77.1 SYN24238 SYN36556 2.67 0.88 4.75
qNKR-6-2 NKR S 6 90.6 PZB00942.1 PZE-106088503 3.19 0.68 5.86
qNKR-6-3 NKR S 6 112.1 SYN31997 SYN10686 2.57 0.97 7.05
qNKR-7-2 NKR S 7 72.2 PZE-107127296 PUT-163a-94475607-4877 4.54 1.27 11.02
qNKR-4-2 NKR A 4 71.3 SYN19936 PZE-104152590 2.65 0.21 3.84
qSTR-1-1 STR S 1 42.2 SYN6209 PZE-101027182 2.84 -1.59 5.56
qSTR-1-3 STR S 1 90.7 PZE-101090700 SYN21374 2.73 1.63 5.97
qSTR-2-1 STR S 2 69.0 PZE-102047695 PZE-102047388 3.11 1.22 7.32
qSTR-8-3 STR S 8 39.8 PZE-108028788 PZE-108060116 3.35 -1.57 2.73
qATR-2-1 ATR A 2 72.4 SYN26838 SYN9944 2.66 0.93 3.12
qATR-3-3 ATR A 3 107.0 SYN31043 SYN30138 6.34 -3.46 4.61
qATR-5-1 ATR A 5 32.1 SYN35104 PZE-105105471 3.34 -2.83 7.23
qATR-5-2 ATR A 5 39.9 PZA00300.16 PZE-105110447 2.74 -2.74 6.72

Supplementary table 2

QTL mapping of salt and alkali tolerance-related traits based on ICIM model"

QTL 性状
Trait		 处理
Treatment		 染色体
Chr.		 位置
Position (cM)		 左标记
Left marker		 右标记
Right marker		 置信区间
LOD		 加性效应
Additive		 贡献率
PVE (%)
qGP-1-1 GP N 1 4.9 PZE-101117015 SYN11490 7.72 -0.27 1.63
qGP-3-1 GP N 3 50.8 PZE-103034323 SYN31233 4.93 -0.28 1.59
qGP-4-5 GP N 4 109 SYN1804 SYN21539 4.45 -0.25 1.72
qGP-5-3 GP N 5 115.9 PZE-105156153 PZE-105116507 6.46 -0.26 1.66
qGP-9-1 GP N 9 130.8 PUT-163a-37425582-2026 PZE-109106839 3.87 -0.27 1.53
qGP-10-1 GP N 10 53.8 PZE-110002524 PZE-110075434 6.3 -0.29 1.53
qGP-2-4 GP S 2 70.0 PZE-102045898 PZA00590.1 4.03 0.09 12.12
qGP-2-2 GP A 2 64.3 PZE-102092255 PZE-102076037 2.95 0.05 8.70
qPH-3-3 PH N 3 55.3 PZE-103139096 PZE-103044762 4.29 -3.71 8.71
qPH-8-1 PH N 8 9.5 PZE-108003557 SYN27442 5.47 1.66 11.02
qPH-8-7 PH N 8 99.9 PZE-108131283 PUT-163a-60347965-2588 2.73 -1.19 5.3
qPH-9-6 PH N 9 37.6 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 5.75 1.77 11.68
qPH-6-2 PH S 6 104.0 SYN4185 SYN27121 2.67 1.28 7.40
qPH-8-4 PH S 8 34.4 PZE-108018114 PZE-108020824 3.45 1.52 10.36
qPH-9-1 PH S 9 36.8 SYN30924 PZE-109061069 3.15 1.45 8.89
qPH-2-1 PH A 2 5.5 SYN30559 SYN17595 2.69 3.88 5.55
qPH-3-2 PH A 3 55.2 SYN31233 PZE-103139096 3.02 -3.25 6.33
qPH-5-2 PH A 5 36.3 PZE-105121226 PZE-105116521 2.54 1.18 1.26
qPH-8-5 PH A 8 54.1 PZE-108062218 PZE-108103951 4.43 3.51 7.41
qPH-8-6 PH A 8 60.6 PZE-108103951 PZE-108073114 3.52 3.59 6.74
qPH-9-7 PH A 9 37.7 PZE-109066188 PZE-109070385 3.74 1.49 1.89
qFW-1-2 FW N 1 129.7 SYN13476 SYN30022 2.8 0.1 5.93
qFW-3-4 FW N 3 56.3 PZE-103139096 PZE-103044762 3.62 -0.26 13.76
qFW-9-4 FW N 9 36.5 PZE-109038570 SYN30924 2.78 0.1 5.63
qFW-8-2 FW S 8 57.5 PZE-108103951 PZE-108073114 5.16 0.81 11.90
qFW-9-3 FW S 9 36.3 PZE-109038570 SYN30924 5.11 0.14 12.13
qFW-2-1 FW A 2 4.00 SYN30559 SYN17595 2.76 0.27 5.68
qFW-3-3 FW A 3 55.2 SYN31233 PZE-103139096 2.56 -0.21 6.93
qFW-8-1 FW A 8 56.0 PZE-108062218 PZE-108103951 5.06 0.30 7.73
qFW-8-3 FW A 8 58.9 PZE-108103951 PZE-108073114 4.78 0.31 7.11
qFW-9-1 FW A 9 16.9 PZE-109006381 PZE-109007075 3.38 0.09 1.91
qFW-9-8 FW A 9 133.7 PUT-163a-37425582-2026 PZE-109106839 2.59 0.33 3.63
qDW-1-2 DW N 1 129.6 SYN13476 SYN30022 4.04 0.01 7.79
qDW-3-4 DW N 3 55.8 PZE-103139096 PZE-103044762 5.21 -0.02 14.37
qDW-2-2 DW S 2 1.5 SYN30559 SYN17595 4.05 0.04 5.96
qDW-3-3 DW S 3 54.3 PZE-103034323 SYN31233 3.08 0.04 4.66
qDW-8-2 DW S 8 57.1 PZE-108062218 PZE-108103951 7.04 0.05 9.02
qDW-8-4 DW S 8 57.9 PZE-108103951 PZE-108073114 7.09 0.05 9.00
qDW-9-1 DW S 9 36.2 PZE-109038570 SYN30924 3.23 0.01 2.65
qDW-8-3 DW A 8 57.5 PZE-108103951 PZE-108073114 5.15 0.04 16.26
qDW-9-4 DW A 9 134.8 PUT-163a-37425582-2026 PZE-109106839 3.37 0.02 10.46
qTWC-5-4 TWC N 5 119.0 PZE-105156153 PZE-105116507 3.06 -0.01 7
qTWC-7-3 TWC N 7 25.1 PZE-107020326 PZE-107024238 3.93 0 3.89
qTWC-8-2 TWC N 8 57.1 PZE-108062218 PZE-108103951 2.66 -0.01 6.72
qTWC-3-1 TWC S 3 0.0 SYN5839 PZE-103001968 3.10 0.00 1.02
qTWC-5-3 TWC S 5 118.6 PZE-105156153 PZE-105116507 4.55 -0.02 3.70
qTWC-8-1 TWC S 8 55.9 PZE-108062218 PZE-108103951 3.17 -0.01 4.31
qTWC-8-3 TWC S 8 58.9 PZE-108103951 PZE-108073114 3.87 -0.02 4.32
qTWC-9-1 TWC S 9 37.6 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 3.97 0.00 1.34
qTWC-9-3 TWC S 9 132.0 PUT-163a-37425582-2026 PZE-109106839 3.58 -0.01 3.91
qTWC-3-3 TWC A 3 88.4 PZE-103133167 PUT-163a-60351350-2652 2.92 0.00 8.38
qSTR-1-2 STR S 1 42.3 SYN6209 PZE-101027182 3.09 -0.16 9.32
qSTR-8-1 STR S 8 39.3 PZE-108028788 PZE-108060116 3.58 -0.17 10.80
qATR-3-1 ATR A 3 107.0 SYN31043 SYN30138 3.52 -0.29 10.46
qSNC-2-1 SNC N 2 5.3 SYN30559 SYN17595 4.85 5.23 1.87
qSNC-6-1 SNC N 6 3.8 SYN11566 PUT-163a-74244759-3691 4.83 5.17 3.87
qSNC-8-1 SNC N 8 55.4 PZE-108062218 PZE-108103951 4.95 5.17 1.87
qSNC-10-2 SNC N 10 56.9 PZE-110002524 PZE-110075434 9.63 5.23 2.87
qSNC-1-1 SNC S 1 0.30 PZE-101117015 SYN11490 2.84 -32.41 5.70
qSNC-3-3 SNC S 3 27.1 PZE-103032109 PZE-103031701 3.30 -4.28 3.77
qSKC-3-1 SKC N 3 55.1 SYN31233 PZE-103139096 6.26 37.93 2.04
qNKR-5-3 NKR N 5 116.4 PZE-105156153 PZE-105116507 3.55 0.17 2.94
qNKR-6-1 NKR N 6 3.1 SYN11566 PUT-163a-74244759-3691 3.79 0.18 3.93
qNKR-8-1 NKR N 8 54.4 PZE-108062218 PZE-108103951 6.57 0.16 2.95
qNKR-9-1 NKR N 9 130.7 PUT-163a-37425582-2026 PZE-109106839 3.48 0.18 1.93
qNKR-10-1 NKR N 10 62.3 PZE-110075434 PZE-110111417 3.58 0.18 2.92
qNKR-6-4 NKR S 6 112.5 SYN31997 SYN10686 2.95 0.99 8.14
qNKR-7-3 NKR S 7 73.4 PZE-107127296 PUT-163a-94475607-4877 4.18 1.19 10.36

Supplementary table 3

QTL mapping of salt and alkali tolerance-related traits based on MCIM model"

QTL 性状
Trait		 处理
Treatment		 染色体
Chr.		 位置
Position (cM)		 左标记
Left marker		 右标记
Right marker		 A 贡献率
H2(A)		 AE1 AE2 贡献率
H2(AE)
qGP-2-6 GP S 2 70.0 PZE-102045898 PZA00590.1 0.07*** 7.74
qGP-4-2 GP S 4 30.6 PZE-104018854 PZE-104019423 0.07*** 7.15
qGP-2-5 GP A 2 70.0 PZE-102045898 PZA00590.1 0.04** 5.02
qGP-4-3 GP A 4 34.1 PZE-104022472 PZE-104023120 0.05*** 5.06
qGP-7-1 GP A 7 21.9 PZE-107020326 PZE-107024238 0.04*** 6.37
qPH-9-3 PH S 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 2.17*** 13.79
qPH-9-2 PH A 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 1.86*** 11.53
qFW-9-6 FW S 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 0.15*** 11.39
qFW-7-1 FW A 7 36.2 PZE-107068965 SYN28758 -0.07** 2.53
qFW-8-4 FW A 8 89.7 SYN29240 PZE-108125717 -0.07*** 1.08
qFW-9-5 FW A 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 0.141** 10.02
qDW-1-4 DW S 1 130.8 PUT-163a-71766009-3502 SYN13025 0.01*** 6.23
qDW-9-3 DW S 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 0.01*** 7.7
qDW-1-3 DW A 1 130.8 PUT-163a-71766009-3502 SYN13025 0.00** 3.68
qDW-9-2 DW A 9 37.1 PZE-109061069 PZE-109066188 0.01*** 6.34
qSTR-8-2 STR S 8 39.3 PZE-108028788 PZE-108060116 -0.20*** 11.09 - - -
qATR-3-2 ATR A 3 107.0 SYN31043 SYN30138 -0.325*** 10.31 - - -
qSNC-2-3 SNC S 2 41.1 SYN7712 PZE-102176758 -1.50** 4.11
qSNC-3-1 SNC S 3 25.8 PZE-103028604 PZE-103029988 -1.69** 5.3 1.54* -1.53* 4.79
qSNC-3-6 SNC S 3 99.1 PZE-103161091 PZE-103164358 -1.53** 3.83
qTNC-7-1 SNC S 7 31.6 SYN32778 PZE-107065747 -1.84** 3.11
qSNC-1-2 SNC A 1 106.6 SYN38769 SYN31544 2.29*** 4.23 -1.98* 2.01* 0.04
qSKC-4-2 SKC S 4 52.8 SYN15397 SYN1845 -9.41*** 6.44
qSKC-4-1 SKC A 4 52.8 SYN15397 SYN1845 -6.71*** 3.93 -6.37** 6.36** 0.04
qSKC-8-1 SKC A 8 4.0 SYN5929 PZE-108002532 5.50** 1.75 4.57* -4.77* 0.02
qNKR-5-1 NKR S 5 25.6 PZE-105039652 SYN29076 0.41** 3.25 -0.36* 0.36* 3.13
qNKR-6-5 NKR S 6 113.1 SYN31997 SYN10686 0.64*** 4.52 -0.58** 0.60** 4.37
qNKR-7-1 NKR S 7 71.2 PZE-107127296 PUT-163a-94475607-4877 0.53*** 5.54 -0.53** 0.54** 5.81
qNKR-2-1 NKR A 2 91.9 PZA00396.9 PZE-102006385 -0.21** 2.61

Table 4

Reported salt-alkali tolerance QTLs in the study"

性状
Trait		 QTL 染色体
Chr.		 左标记
Left marker		 右标记
Right marker		 位置
Position (cM)		 LOD 加性效应
Additive effect		 贡献率
R2 (%)		 参考文献
References
SRLP qSRLP-1 1 umc1568 umc1403 55.30 2.49 -0.07 7.50 管飞翔[3]
SRLR qSRLR-7 7 umc2160 phi034 6.80 3.47 -0.06 6.05 Guan [3]
ARLP qARLP-1 1 phi120 umc1744 34.22 2.58 -0.09 4.75
SRLR qARLR-3-1 3 umc1052 umc2050 29.01 3.82 0.11 10.20
SRLR qARLR-3-2 3 dupssr17 bnlg197 48.01 2.25 -0.06 3.96
LP qLP-10 10 umc1196 umc2043 18.25 2.34 -0.40 4.15
LR qLR-1 1 umc1306 phi120 12.01 2.06 0.97 6.06
LR qLR-2 2 umc2129 umc2110 2.01 2.15 0.81 4.15
LR qLR-6 6 umc1490 umc1762 21.46 2.29 0.94 5.74
LR qLR-8 8 umc1777 umc2075 135.33 2.31 0.84 4.48
FW qFW-1 1 phi064 phi26545 28.83 3.58 -0.5678 7 王士磊等[4]
DW qDW-1 1 phi064 phi26545 28.83 3.13 -0.5219 8 Wang et al.[4]
PH qPH-1 1 phi064 phi26545 29.00 2.79 -0.2478 7
DW qDW-5 5 phi024 umc1692 25.60 2.68 -0.0683 8
ST qST-5 5 phi087 phi048 88.09 4.34 1.3376 10
ST qST-6 6 phi126 phi42379 6.57 2.65 1.1471 6
FGR QFgr1 1 PZE101140869 PZE101138116 77.1 -12.220 30.43 吴丹丹[6]
FSTR QFstr1 1 PZE101140869 PZE101138116 77.1 0.783 58.33 Wu [6]
STR QStr1 1 PZE101130082 PZE101119342 85.9 0.222 14.25
STR QStr3 3 PZE103072593 PZE103072415 44.1 0.318 24.98
STR QStr7 7 PZE07012564 PZB02215.4 92.9 -0.142 3.37
TWC QTwc1 1 PZE101130082 PZE101119342 85.9 -0.489 1.65
TWC QTwc3 3 PZE103083718 SYN16519 47.1 -0.682 11.65
TWC QTwc7 7 PZE107020363 SYN24186 82.1 0.364 2.41
TWC QTwc9 9 PZA03596.1 PZE109061997 48.3 -0.384 4.19
SNC QSnc3 3 PZE103052343 PZE103072593 43.7 -0.948 4.33
SNC QSnc5 5 SYN22663 PZE105006095 119.7 -0.881 4.37
SKC QSkc3 3 PZE103072593 PZE103072415 44.1 3.936 15.43
SKC QSkc5 5 SYN29254 PZE105137112 34.1 -2.328 8.22
SKC QSkc7 7 PZE107104709 PZE107103294 35.6 -1.660 4.36
SKC QSkc9 9 PZE109034705 PZE109037929 47.1 2.307 5.43
SKN QSkn3 3 PZE103072415 PZE103073770 44.1 17.358 2.32
SKN QSkn4.1 4 PZE104049567 PZE104052175 82.2 40.294 16.81
SKN QSkn4.2 4 PZE104033683 PZE104031374 84.4 32.667 16.85
SKN QSkn5 5 PZE105182641 PZE105177818 1.00 16.189 1.21
SKN QSkn6 6 SYN9304 SYN22989 73.80 -12.795 1.17
NPH(2014) qNPH4 4 PZE104023902 SYN4889 49.71 4.39 8.40 8.33 Luo等[8]
NPH(2014) qNPH8 8 PZE108041337- PZE108090114 56.01 3.67 8.12 6.90 Luo et al.[8]
NPH(2015) qNPH4 4 PZE104023902 PZE104081530 46.01 6.28 7.78 10.11
NPH(2015) qNPH5 5 PZE105045981 PZE105128581 73.51 3.19 5.55 4.98
NPH(2015) qNPH8 8 PZE108028588 PZE108103365 61.61 5.03 6.94 7.07
NPH(2015) qNPH9-2 9 PZE109064469 SYN27201 71.31 4.56 6.61 7.24
NPH(2016) qNPH8 8 PZE108041337 PZE108097446 57.31 4.29 8.11 7.75
NPH(2016) qNPH9-1 9 PZE109011840 PZE109040519 45.81 5.79 8.93 10.74
NPH(mean) qNPH4 4 PZE104023902 PZE104081530 49.71 6.97 8.13 11.90
NPH(mean) qNPH8 8 PZE108028588 PZE108090114 57.31 3.88 6.40 6.36
NPH(mean) qNPH9-2 9 PZE109064469 SYN27201 71.31 4.80 6.66 7.97
SPH(2014) qSPH1 1 SYN309 SYN25920 95.21 4.47 13.79 13.28
SPH(2015) qSPH1 1 PZE101094436 PZE101150513 88.51 11.46 16.86 16.99
SPH(2015) qSPH5-1 5 SYN16675 PZE105128581 77.31 3.50 8.82 5.01
SPH(2016) qSPH1 1 PZE101109084 SYN25920 90.21 19.47 24.69 35.03
SPH(2016) qSPH5-2 5 PZE105049283 PZE105117757 71.01 4.26 19.86 6.17
SPH(mean) qSPH1 1 PZE101094436 PZE101150513 88.51 22.40 19.14 31.24
SPH(mean) qSPH5-1 5 SYN1390 PZE105128581 77.31 3.32 6.55 3.96
PHI(2014) qPHI1 1 PZE101109084 SYN25920 94.81 8.94 0.10 28.10
PHI(2014) qPHI3 3 SYN28626 PZE103019163 23.51 4.63 0.67 13.64
PHI(2015) qPHI1 1 SYN5444 SYN25920 90.21 10.59 0.08 19.51
PHI(2016) qPHI1 1 PZE101109084 SYN25920 90.21 14.27 0.09 27.51
PHI(mean) qPHI1 1 PZE101109084 SYN25920 90.21 16.20 0.07 25.94
PHI(mean) qPHI4 4 SYN4889 SYN4250 56.91 4.14 0.03 5.63
PHI(mean) qPHI9 9 SYN24345 SYN5732 130.34 3.39 0.03 5.59
PHI(mean) qPHI10 10 PZE110100655 SYN19213 108.16 3.29 0.03 4.47
ATR qATR2 2 phi402893 umc2246 2.40 -0.29 6.0 马晓军等[5]
ATR qATR5.1 5 umc1894 phi024 2.10 -0.10 1.1 Ma et al.[5]
ATR qATR5.2 5 umc2306 phi087 2.40 -0.24 8.6
ATR qATR7 7 bnlg2132 phi057 3.70 -0.21 7.0
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