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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 1070-1079.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.81089

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of whole soil-plastic mulching with hole-sowing on soil temperature, moisture and yield of buckwheat in aridlands

FANG Yan-Jie,ZHANG Xu-Cheng(),YU Xian-Feng,HOU Hui-Zhi,WANG Hong-Li,MA Yi-Fan   

  1. Institute of Dry-Land Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2018-12-14 Accepted:2019-04-15 Online:2019-07-12 Published:2019-04-18
  • Contact: Xu-Cheng ZHANG E-mail:gszhangxuch@163.com
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760367);the National Science and Technology Research Projects of China(2015BAD22B04);the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of GAAS(2017GAAS27)

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Abstract:

To provide a theoretical basis for exploring a high-yield and high-efficiency technique for buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum [L.] Gaertn.) in semiarid areas of China, we carried out long-term field experiments (2015 to 2017) at the Dingxi Experiment Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. Two planting patterns, namely whole field soil-plastic mulching with hole-sowing (FMS), and hole-sowing on bare soils (CK), were set to investigate the effects of FMS on soil temperature, moisture, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of buckwheat. Compared with CK, FMS advanced seedling stage of buckwheat 2.0 to 2.7 days earlier, branching stage 2 to 3 days earlier, and budding stage 0 to 1.7 days earlier, and extended the filling stage 4.7 to 7.0 days longer. FMS increased soil water storage (SWS) of 0 to 300 cm layer in normal (2015) and dry years (2016) by 2.91% (16.9 mm) and 5.79% (25.59 mm) (P < 0.05), respectively. However, no significant difference was found between them in the wet year of 2017. FMS increased average soil temperature (Ts) in 0-25 cm layer by 2.27℃ and 2.20℃ in normal and wet years, respectively. While in dry year with higher temperature, FMS lowered Ts during branching to filling stages. Similarly, FMS appreciably decreased seasonal mean Ts of 0 to 25 cm layer compared with CK. At maturity, FMS increased dry matter weight (DM) by 13.46% to 137.87%, leaf area index (LAI) by 16.22% to 52.55%, plant height by 12.78% to 48.91%, grain weight per plant by 33.39% to 60.90%, and grain plumpness rates by 8.48% to 9.14%. On average, FMS increased crop water consumption in 0 to 300 cm soil layer by 3.89% during the three consecutive years, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, FMS increased yield by 7.26% to 95.25%, and WUE by 7.59% to 87.08% (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the high-yield and high-efficiency of FMS were more significant during drier years. In conclusion, FMS could increase SWS prior to sowing, decrease Ts during high-temperature periods, prolong filling stage, and markedly increase LAI and DM, resulting in the promoted the development of plants, and the significantly enhanced yield and WUE of buckwheat.

Key words: semi-arid area, buckwheat, whole field soil-plastic mulching with hole-sowing, soil water, soil temperature, water use efficiency

Fig. 1

Dynamics of rainfall and average air temperature during growth stages of buckwheat"

Fig. 2

Effects of plastic-soil mulching and bunch seeding on buckwheat development FMS: whole field soil-plastic mulching with hole-sowing; CK: hole-sowing on bare soils."

Fig. 3

Dynamics of soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layer during buckwheat growth stage FMS: whole field soil-plastic mulching with hole-sowing; CK: hole-sowing on bare soils."

Fig. 4

Dynamics of soil water content in 0-300 cm soil layer during buckwheat growth stage FMS: whole field soil-plastic mulching with hole-sowing; CK: hole-sowing on bare soils."

Fig. 5

Dynamics of soil average temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer during buckwheat growth period FMS: whole field soil-plastic mulching with hole-sowing; CK: hole-sowing on bare soils; SO-SE: sowing-seeding; SE-BR: seeding-branching; BR-FL: branching-flowing; FL-FI: flowing-filling; FI-MA: filling-maturing."

Table 1

Effects of plastic mulching on the aboveground dry matter accumulation per plant buckwheat (g plant-1)"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seeding		 分枝期
Branching		 花期
Flowering		 灌浆期
Filling		 成熟期
Maturity
2015 FMS 0.61 a 2.82 a 6.43 a 13.05 a 20.09 a
CK 0.30 b 1.40 b 4.66 b 10.88 b 17.71 b
2016 FMS 0.69 a 2.92 a 6.37 a 11.47 a 17.69 a
CK 0.27 b 0.75 b 2.57 b 6.34 b 7.44 b
2017 FMS 0.99 a 2.37 a 6.67 a 11.48 a 20.04 a
CK 0.42 b 0.84 b 3.71 b 6.80 b 16.93 b

Table 2

Dynamics of leaf area index during buckwheat growth period"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 分枝期
Branching		 花期
Flowering		 灌浆期
Filling		 成熟期
Maturity
2015 全膜覆土穴播种植FMS 3.28 a 5.51 a 5.31 a 3.71 a
露地穴播种植CK 2.10 b 5.23 b 4.70 b 3.29 b
2016 全膜覆土穴播种植FMS 1.94 a 4.63 a 3.36 a 2.02 a
露地穴播种植CK 1.59 a 2.18 b 3.07 b 1.84 b
2017 全膜覆土穴播种植FMS 3.24 a 5.55 a 4.81 a 3.85 a
露地穴播种植CK 1.48 b 3.62 b 3.52 b 2.82 b

Table 3

Characteristics of growth during buckwheat growth period"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 成穗数
Spike number
(1×104 plant hm-2)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 籽粒位高
Ear height
(cm)		 单株粒重
Grain weight per plant (g)		 籽粒饱满率
Full grain rate
(%)		 倒伏率
Lodging rate (%)
2015 FMS 175.19 a 157.35 a 30.62 b 7.11 a 89.20 a 76.67 a
CK 180.97 a 139.52 a 61.47 a 5.33 b 81.73 a 0.00 b
2016 FMS 188.23 a 127.35 a 29.42 b 5.31 a 57.32 a 0.00 a
CK 196.73 a 85.52 b 37.39 a 3.30 b 52.84 a 0.00 a
2017 FMS 203.29 a 125.88 a 24.50 b 6.42 a 80.58 a 0.00 a
CK 212.47 a 104.64 a 46.10 a 4.01 b 74.01 a 0.00 a

Table 4

Yield, water consumption, and water use efficiency in different treatments of buckwheat"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 耗水量
Evapotranspiration (mm)		 产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 WUE
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
2015 全膜覆土穴播种植FMS 416.95 a 2774.72 a 6.65 a
露地穴播种植CK 418.23 a 2587.01 b 6.19 b
2016 全膜覆土穴播种植FMS 303.27 a 2158.22 a 7.12 a
露地穴播种植CK 290.56 a 1105.31 b 3.80 b
2017 全膜覆土穴播种植FMS 237.69 a 2712.78 a 11.41 a
露地穴播种植CK 213.25 b 2038.16 b 9.56 b

Table 5

Analysis of variance for effects of years and planting patterns on yield and WUE"

项目
Item		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of squares		 均方
Mean square		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
产量
Yield		 年份Year (A) 2 3493929 1746965 129.2720 0.0001
种植方式Planting patterns (B) 1 1834078 1834078 135.7190 0.0001
A×B 2 564370 282185.1 20.8810 0.0001
水分利用效率
WUE		 年份Year (A) 2 85.3929 42.6965 129.2720 0.0001
种植方式Planting patterns (B) 1 15.9989 15.9989 135.7190 0.0001
A×B 2 6.1080 3.0540 20.8810 0.0001
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