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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 1059-1069.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84162

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Location- and quantity-based effects of mepiquat chloride application on cotton plant-type

ZHAO Wen-Chao1,2,DU Ming-Wei1,LI Fang1,TIAN Xiao-Li1,*(),LI Zhao-Hu1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University / Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
    2 Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-11-29 Accepted:2019-01-19 Online:2019-07-12 Published:2019-03-11
  • Contact: Xiao-Li TIAN E-mail:tianxl@cau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Program of Introducing International Super Agricultural Science and Technology(948 Program 2016-X25);the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15-16)

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Abstract:

The plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (MC; 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) has been successfully and worldwide used in cotton production. It has been known that MC application time decides its effect location and MC application rate decides its effect strength. However, there were less detailed information on the location- and quantity-based effects of MC on cotton stem and branches. In the present field study, MC was respectively applied at early squaring stage, after peak squaring stage, before peak blooming stage, after peak blooming stage and post-topping stage with a range of rates. We monitored plant height at three days interval during MC valid period, and measured all internodes of stem and fruiting branches prior to harvest. Under the condition of topping in late July, the overall effectiveness scope of MC (across different application times) on main stem ranged from the fourth internode below the uppermost node (named as N) to the sixth internode above N node. In terms of the effectiveness scope of MC on fruiting branches, it covered the 11 fruiting branches below N node and five branches above N node. In addition, the influenced internodes in most fruiting branches below N node were more than those above N node. When we overlaid the effectiveness scopes of MC application after peak squaring and before peak blooming, the effect was covered almost all internodes of both main stem (above the node of the first fruiting branch) and fruiting branches. Moreover, we found that there was not always a good linear relationship between MC rate and its effective strength. Besides application time and rate, the location- and quantity-based effects of MC may depend on temperature, rainfall, plant biomass and source-sink relationship.

Key words: cotton, 1, 1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride, application time, application rate, main stem, fruiting branches

Table 1

Monthly weather data during cotton growing season in Hejian city"

月份
Month		 平均温度 Average temperature (°C) 降水量 Rainfall (mm) 日照时数 Sunshine duration (h)
2013 2014 30-yeara 2013 2014 30-yeara 2013 2014 30-yeara
4 12.2 16.6 14.4 8.5 30.8 26.1 270.7 247.4 256.5
5 20.9 22.9 21.4 26.5 38.0 35.3 258.2 316.8 282.1
6 24.6 25.6 25.7 80.1 30.0 66.7 187.3 297.9 244.8
7 26.2 28.2 27.2 279.1 42.4 161.7 187.0 297.6 222.6
8 26.5 26.0 24.8 96.7 93.0 170.9 238.8 302.0 199.1
9 20.2 20.8 19.4 39.2 19.6 64.2 184.3 226.2 209.1
10 12.8 14.6 13.6 5.0 6.8 12.2 169.3 180.1 197.9
平均 Average 20.5 22.1 20.9 — — — — — —
总计Total — — — 535.1 260.6 537.0 1495.6 1868.0 1612.3

Table 2

Mepiquat chloride (MC) application time and rates for each experiment in 2013 and 2014"

试验编号
Experiment number		 DPC应用时间 MC application time CK DPC剂量 MC rate (g hm-2)
生育时期
Growth stage		 日期 Date (month/day) 主茎节数 Stem nodes M1 M2 M3 M4
2013 2014 2013 2014
1 现蕾期 Squaring 6/2 6/3 7 7 0 3.8 7.5 11.3 15.0
2 盛蕾期后 After peak squaring 6/14 6/14 12 12 0 7.5 15.0 22.5 30.0
3 盛花期前 Before peak blooming 7/3 7/6 18 17 0 22.5 45.0 67.5 90.0
4 盛花期后 After peak blooming 7/13 7/16 20 18 0 30.0 60.0 90.0 120.0
5 打顶后 Post-topping 7/31 8/2 0 45.0 90.0 135.0 180.0

Fig. 1

Effect of mepiquat chloride (MC) applied at squaring stage (A), after peak squaring (B), before peak blooming (C), and after peak blooming (D) on the daily increase of stem in 2013 and 2014 CK denotes control; M1-M4 indicate four MC rates; treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Significance levels among treatments (**P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05) are given. # indicates month/date, MC application time."

Fig. 2

Dynamic changes of cotton plant height of mepiquat chloride (MC) applied at squaring stage (A), after peak squaring (B), before peak blooming (C), and after peak blooming (D) in 2013 and 2014 CK denotes control; M1-M4 indicate four MC rates; Treaments are the same as those given in Table 2. Significance levels among treatments (**P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05) are given. # indicates month/date, MC application time; Arrows represent the inflection point of growth rate."

Fig. 3

Effects of mepiquat chloride (MC) applied at squaring stage(A), after peak squaring (B), before peak blooming (C), and after peak blooming (D) on the internode length of main stem in 2013 and 2014 CK denotes control, and M1-M4 indicate four MC rates; Treaments are the same as those given in Table 2. Significance levels among treatments (**P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05) are given."

Table 3

Effect of mepiquat chloride applied after peak squaring, before peak blooming, and after peak blooming on the length of fruit branches in 2013 and 2014"

年份Year 生育时期
Growing stage		 DPC剂量(2)
MC rate(2)		 果枝序号 Number of fruit branches
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2013 盛蕾期后
After peak squaring		 CK (cm) / 29.9 32.6 / / / / / / / / / / / /
M1 (%) / -4.1% -5.9% / / / / / / / / / / / /
M2 (%) / -9.6% -18.2% / / / / / / / / / / / /
M3 (%) / -13.8% -11.4% / / / / / / / / / / / /
M4 (%) / -9.4% -16.6% / / / / / / / / / / / /
盛花期前
Before peak blooming		 CK (cm) / / / 31.4 31.6 31.5 31.4 32.3 31.0 32.5 30.5 28.9 27.0 25.2 24.2
M1 (%) / / / -3.3% -5.3% -10.6% -13.7% -18.6% -12.9% -16.1% -15.3% -16.5% -15.9% -16.4% -20.0%
M2 (%) / / / -11.5% -10.9% -13.1% -20.1% -23.7% -18.1% -21.5% -21.3% -18.2% -19.8% -18.9% -23.7%
M3 (%) / / / -9.2% -11.1% -16.0% -19.4% -26.2% -21.0% -25.1% -21.0% -24.6% -25.3% -24.8% -29.7%
M4 (%) / / / -9.6% -11.8% -16.4% -20.0% -25.1% -25.8% -29.0% -27.8% -26.0% -26.5% -24.7% -28.3%
盛花期后
After peak blooming		 CK (cm) / / / / / / / / 31.4 30.9 28.7 27.8 25.9 24.4 24.1
M1 (%) / / / / / / / / -11.1% -14.5% -16.7% -20.3% -19.4% -14.3% -20.0%
M2 (%) / / / / / / / / -10.8% -16.2% -16.3% -21.5% -23.2% -23.6% -23.3%
M3 (%) / / / / / / / / -14.8% -24.0% -26.3% -31.1% -31.2% -30.1% -28.3%
M4 (%) / / / / / / / / -18.2% -26.0% -26.8% -33.2% -34.6% -34.0% -38.1%
2014 盛蕾期后
After peak squaring		 CK (cm) 25.0 26.6 26.1 25.8 24.5 23.4 23.2 / / / / / / / /
M1 (%) -6.4% -17.1% -16.1% -18.0% -15.7% -13.7% -18.8% / / / / / / / /
M2 (%) -13.1% -18.8% -18.1% -19.2% -17.8% -16.1% -18.0% / / / / / / / /
M3 (%) -25.4% -28.4% -28.2% -27.6% -28.2% -21.7% -25.8% / / / / / / / /
M4 (%) -24.5% -24.7% -30.1% -30.6% -29.2% -25.8% -25.9% / / / / / / / /
盛花期前
Before peak blooming		 CK (cm) / / / / 22.5 20.9 20.2 18.8 16.9 15.9 14.7 / / / /
M1 (%) / / / / -7.7% -13.6% -19.9% -26.0% -23.8% -19.0% -18.0% / / / /
M2 (%) / / / / -16.8% -24.7% -36.0% -40.7% -38.4% -29.2% -34.4% / / / /
M3 (%) / / / / -18.7% -24.6% -31.8% -38.1% -36.6% -36.9% -36.3% / / / /
M4 (%) / / / / -17.4% -25.9% -33.4% -39.2% -41.5% -43.2% -29.4% / / / /
盛花期后
After peak blooming		 CK (cm) / / / / / / 23.4 21.9 22.2 20.8 19.7 / / / /
M1 (%) / / / / / / -18.6% -18.8% -28.3% -32.2% -32.0% / / / /
M2 (%) / / / / / / -16.4% -16.1% -26.8% -30.3% -31.3% / / / /
M3 (%) / / / / / / -23.6% -26.0% -36.2% -36.2% -38.6% / / / /
M4 (%) / / / / / / -17.7% -24.7% -34.6% -40.2% -37.6% / / / /

Fig. 4

Schematic diagram of cotton plant type in response to mepiquat chloride applied at squaring stage (A), after peak squaring (B), before peak blooming (C), after peak blooming (D), and post-topping (E) in 2013 1-CK-5-CK denote control at different stages, and 1-MC-5-MC indicate the mean of four mepiquat chloride rates at different stages; Treaments are the same as those given in Table 2; Green parts indicate the internodes affected by MC; N indicates the node of main stem when mepiquat chloride was applied; Bar= 10 cm."

Fig. 5

Schematic diagram of cotton plant type in response to mepiquat chloride applied at squaring stage (A), after peak squaring (B), before peak blooming (C), after peak blooming (D), and post-topping (E) in 2014 1-CK-5-CK denote control at different stages, and 1-MC-5-MC indicate the mean of four mepiquat chloride rates at different stages; Treaments are the same as those given in Table 2; Green parts indicate the internodes affected by MC; N indicates the node of main stem when mepiquat chloride was applied; Bar = 10 cm."

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