糜子绿豆带状种植下糜子的氮素积累、代谢及产量变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.94042

Abstract

Abstract:

Cereal-legume intercropping is a ecological and efficient planting pattern. To investigate the effects of proso millet- mung bean intercropping on nitrogen accumulation, metabolism and yield of proso millet from the flowering to maturity stage, we designed four patterns of proso millet (P) to mung bean (M) including 2:2, 4:2, 4:4, and 2:4 in 2017 and 2018 in Yulin, Shaanxi province. The intercropping significantly improved the nitrogen contents in root, stem, leaf and sheath of proso millet at the flowering stage. The nitrogen content in panicle at the maturity stage increased by 10.9%-15.9% compared with the sole cropping of proso millet. Intercropping increased the dry matter accumulation by 11.6%-32.1% and the nitrogen accumulation of proso millet by 12.8%-36.9%. The nitrogen transportation from leaves and stems to panicles increased by 51.7%-78.9% and 24.1%-55.6%, respectively. The proso millet-mung bean intercropping significantly promoted the nitrogen metabolism of proso millet flag leaves and roots. The nitrate reductase activity, glutamine synthase activity, soluble protein content and free amino acid content increased to a different degree, with the maximum in 2P4M treatment. The productivity and yield were enhanced in intercropping by boosting physiological metabolism and nitrogen assimilation. Overall, these results suggest that proso millet-mung bean intercropping pattern enhances the nitrogen accumulation, metabolism, and yield of proso millet, and 2P4M treatment is optimal to improve nitrogen uptake and yield under proso millet/mung bean intercropping systems in Yulin, Shaanxi.

Key words: proso millet, intercropping, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen metabolism, yield

Ke DANG,Xiang-Wei GONG,Guang-Hua CHEN,Guan ZHAO,Long LIU,Hong-Lu WANG,Pu YANG,Bai-Li FENG. Nitrogen accumulation, metabolism, and yield of proso millet in proso millet- mung bean intercropping systems[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(12): 1880-1890.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	开花期 Flowering					成熟期 Maturity
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗 Panicle	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗 Panicle
2017	SP	0.43 e	0.73 e	2.24 e	1.32 c	2.40 a	0.52 e	0.67 b	2.24 a	1.61 a	2.15 d
	2P2M	0.74 b	0.84 c	2.67 c	1.49 a	2.39 a	0.91 a	0.58 c	2.04 b	1.49 c	2.42 c
	4P2M	0.64 d	0.87 b	2.41 d	1.38 b	2.23 c	0.64 d	0.78 a	1.88 c	1.38 d	2.53 b
	4P4M	0.67 c	0.77 d	2.90 b	1.38 b	2.24 b	0.71 c	0.39 e	2.07 b	1.61 a	2.51 b
	2P4M	1.00 a	0.99 a	3.07 a	1.52 a	2.17 d	0.84 b	0.45 d	1.61 d	1.55 b	2.59 a
2018	SP	0.42 d	0.92 d	2.87 c	1.36 c	2.56 a	0.53 e	0.93 a	2.84 a	1.61 a	2.20 c
	2P2M	0.62 b	1.36 b	3.12 b	1.43 b	2.46 b	0.69 b	0.66 b	2.79 b	1.23 b	2.56 a
	4P2M	0.63 b	1.15 c	3.13 b	1.43 b	2.20 c	0.56 d	0.52 c	2.48 d	1.23 b	2.46 b
	4P4M	0.50 c	0.94 d	2.87 c	1.86 a	2.56 a	0.62 c	0.52 c	2.61 c	1.20 c	2.49 b
	2P4M	0.72 a	1.65 a	3.34 a	1.91 a	2.49 b	0.93 a	0.45 d	2.59 c	1.08 d	2.62 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮素转移量A mount of N transferred (kg hm^-2)			对穗的贡献率 Contribution to panicle (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	叶片Leaf	茎Stem	鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎Stem	鞘Sheath
2017	SP	26.0±3.5 d	11.6±0.5 c	1.6±0.8 d	11.7±2.7 d	5.2±0.5 c	0.7±0.4 b
	2P2M	46.0±5.6 c	19.5±3.5 b	8.4±1.3 b	15.3±1.3 c	6.6±1.2 bc	2.8±0.5 a
	4P2M	41.3±5.5 c	18.9±0.3 b	5.8±0.5 c	16.2±2.7 c	7.4±0.4 b	2.3±0.3 a
	4P4M	63.1±1.1 b	22.5±3.3 b	6.8±1.5 bc	21.4±1.5 b	7.6±1.1 b	2.3±0.5 a
	2P4M	89.3±0.7 a	32.3±2.4 a	10.8±1.8 a	25.8±0.3 a	9.3±0.8 a	3.1±0.5 a
2018	SP	11.7±2.2 d	38.3±2.5 e	4.9±0.1 b	4.2±0.8 d	14.1±1.0 b	1.8±0.0 c
	2P2M	45.3±3.7 b	47.5±0.6 c	9.3±0.2 a	12.3±1.1 b	12.9±0.2 c	2.5±0.1 a
	4P2M	40.6±3.4 b	42.3±2.0 d	1.7±0.1 d	12.9±1.0 b	13.5±0.6 bc	0.5±0.0 d
	4P4M	34.7±0.9 c	72.2±2.5 a	2.5±0.8 c	9.9±0.3 c	20.5±0.8 a	0.7±0.2 d
	2P4M	88.6±4.1 a	56.7±1.2 b	9.5±0.2 a	20.0±1.0 a	12.8±0.3 c	2.1±0.1 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单株穗数 Panicles per plant	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2017	SP	4.0±0.7 d	39.2±1.3 cd	24.0±1.9 e	8.61±0.0 d	4448.6±135.5 d
	2P2M	4.8±0.8 bc	41.2±2.1 c	35.3±1.1 c	8.89±0.1 bc	4968.9±87.2 bc
	4P2M	4.3±0.4 c	40.1±1.0 c	32.5±1.6 d	8.81±0.0 c	4696.2±76.8 c
	4P4M	4.9±0.2 b	42.2±0.8 b	40.9±0.4 b	8.92±0.1 b	5131.6±73.5 b
	2P4M	5.8±0.4 a	44.0±1.8 a	46.6±2.5 a	9.02±0.0 a	5367.8±56.8 a
2018	SP	3.4±0.9 b	46.4±2.2 a	29.0±1.3 d	8.66±0.1 c	4205.7±257.7 d
	2P2M	4.6±2.0 ab	47.0±2.5 a	41.8±0.8 b	9.00±0.0 b	5153.8±150.7 b
	4P2M	4.4±1.1 ab	46.6±2.6 a	36.7±0.7 c	9.03±0.1 ab	4539.8±144.6 c
	4P4M	5.2±1.5 ab	47.2±1.9 a	43.2±0.7 b	9.10±0.1 ab	5249.6±147.3 b
	2P4M	6.2±1.1 a	47.2±1.6 a	50.4±1.2 a	9.18±0.0 a	6471.2±236.6 a

Nitrogen accumulation, metabolism, and yield of proso millet in proso millet- mung bean intercropping systems

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