177份甘薯地方资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14166

Abstract

Abstract:

The genetic diversity of germplasm resources is the basis for the breeding of new varieties. Sweetpotato landraces have many elite genes, however, many traits of sweetpotato landraces have not been utilized. To effectively utilize the genetic diversity of sweetpotato landraces in China, the phenotypic differences of sweetpotato landraces collected in different periods were analyzed. 177 sweetpotato landraces were analyzed. The results showed that the diversity index (H') of 11 phenotypic traits was 0.42-2.08, and three quantitative traits had the coefficient of variation of 18.40%-46.83%, indicating rich genetic diversity in most traits. Cluster analysis revealed that 177 sweetpotato landraces were divided into two clusters based on 11 traits. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the sweetpotato landraces collected in 2000-2009 and 2010-2019 were mainly distributed in cluster 3 and cluster 4, while the sweetpotato landraces collected in the other three periods were relatively scattered. Correlation analysis showed that these traits were not independent, but correlated with each other. The phenotypes of sweetpotato landraces collected in different periods were significantly different. The “skin color of storage root, predominant flesh color, diameter of stem, length of the longest vine, number of base branches” changed the most among 11 traits in different collection periods. In descriptive traits, the storage root flesh color that accounted for the most landraces collected in the five stages was “white, yellow, light yellow, orange yellow, light yellow”. In terms of quantitative traits, the stem diameter decreased significantly from 2010 to 2019, the branch number had an increasing trend in five periods, and the longest vine length became significantly shorter after 2000. This study provides an important reference for the protection and utilization of sweetpotato germplasm resources.

Key words: sweetpotato, landraces, germplasm resource, genetic diversity, phenotypic traits

YAO Zhu-Fang, ZHANG Xiong-Jian, YANG Yi-Ling, HUANG Li-Fei, CHEN Xin-Liang, YAO Xiao-Jian, LUO Zhong-Xia, CHEN Jing-Yi, WANG Zhang-Ying, FANG Bo-Ping. Genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in 177 sweetpotato landrace[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(9): 2228-2241.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Name and origin of 177 sweetpotato landraces used in this study"

序号 No.	名称 Name	原产地 Origin	序号 No.	名称 Name	原产地 Origin
1	胭脂薯Yanzhishu	广东Guangdong	90	鸟咬梨Niaoyaoli	广东Guangdong
2	标心红Biaoxingong	广东Guangdong	91	万二Wan’er	广东Guangdong
3	万石榴Wanshiliu	广东Guangdong	92	红皮黎老公Hongpililaogong	广东Guangdong
4	蓬尾Pengwei	广东Guangdong	93	书院Shuyuan	广东Guangdong
5	红心仔Hongxinzai	广东Guangdong	94	横放柴Hengfangchai	海南Hainan
6	无时闲Wushixian	广东Guangdong	95	三角柠Sanjiaoning	海南Hainan
7	芽仔薯Yazaishu	广东Guangdong	96	仙沟薯Xiangoushu	海南Hainan
8	南凹苗Nanaomiao	广东Guangdong	97	小花叶Xiaohuaye	海南Hainan
9	白皮接芋只Baipijieyuzhi	广东Guangdong	98	布惊种Bujingzhong	海南Hainan
10	南澳薯Nan’aoshu	广东Guangdong	99	多子娘Duoziniang	海南Hainan
11	锦连薯Jinlianshu	海南Hainan	100	南凤粉Nafengfen	海南Hainan
12	密草芦仔Micaoluzai	广东Guangdong	101	木冬Mudong	海南Hainan
13	红皮捱秫篱Hongpi’aishuli	广东Guangdong	102	苦楝红Kulianhong	海南Hainan
14	接长冬Jiechangdong	广东Guangdong	103	春面Chunmian	海南Hainan
15	大叶田间落粒Dayetianjianluoli	广东Guangdong	104	海北柑薯Haibeiganshu	海南Hainan
16	假山柚Jiashanyou	海南Hainan	105	贵定褐红皮红Guidinghehongpihong	贵州Guizhou
17	赤皮不论春hipibulunchun	广东Guangdong	106	贵州白皮苕Guizhoubaipishao	贵州Guizhou
18	大督Dadu	广东Guangdong	107	独山紫花心Dushanzihuaxin	贵州Guizhou
19	竹头Zhutou	广东Guangdong	108	印江土黄苕Yinjiangtuhuangshao	贵州Guizhou
20	苦栋红Kudonghong	海南Hainan	109	石阡紫皮红心Shiqianzipihongxin	贵州Guizhou
21	碎叶仔Suiyezai	广东Guangdong	110	建水黄心Jianshuihuangxin	云南Yunnan
22	小种碰薯Xiaozhongpengshu	海南Hainan	111	建水胜利大白Jianshuishenglidabai	云南Yunnan
23	白幼叶薯Baiyouyeshu	广东Guangdong	112	普洱水果山芋Puershuiguoshanyu	云南Yunnan
24	棒薯Bangshu	海南Hainan	113	景洪红皮Jinghonghongpi	云南Yunnan
25	汕头红Shantouhong	广东Guangdong	114	保山小黄山芋Baoshanxiaohuangshanyu	云南Yunnan
26	三角芋Sanjiaoyu	海南Hainan	115	盈江红皮Yingjianghongpi	云南Yunnan
27	蕹菜种Wengcaizhong	广东Guangdong	116	白皮红心Baipihongxin	江苏Jiangsu
28	新竹头Xinzhutou	广东Guangdong	117	细女笑Xinvxiao	广东Guangdong
29	菊花种Juhuazhong	广东Guangdong	118	爪白种Zhuabaizhong	广东Guangdong
30	香薯Xiangshu	海南Hainan	119	黄丁橙Huangdingcheng	广东Guangdong
31	雪薯Xueshu	广东Guangdong	120	七彩薯Qicaishu	广东Guangdong
32	吊丝黄Diaosihuang	广东Guangdong	121	金冠黄Jinguanhuang	广东Guangdong
序号 No.	名称 Name	原产地 Origin	序号 No.	名称 Name	原产地 Origin
33	金瓜苗Jinguamiao	广东Guangdong	122	阳西薯Yangxishu	广东Guangdong
34	那洋苗Nayangmiao	广东Guangdong	123	紫皮香Zipixiang	广东Guangdong
35	小红70日Xiaohong 70ri	福建Fujian	124	白紫高Baizigao	广东Guangdong
36	六十仔Liushizai	福建Fujian	125	小仔白Xiaozaibai	广东Guangdong
37	菜头白Caitoubai	福建Fujian	126	长薯 Changshu	广东Guangdong
38	大红花Dahonghua	安徽Anhui	127	紫黄东Zihuangdong	广东Guangdong
39	赤尿Chiniao	海南Hainan	128	紫香白Zixiangbai	广东Guangdong
40	江西丰盛Jiangxifengsheng	江西Jiangxi	129	红高紫Honggaozi	广东Guangdong
41	四季红Sijihong	广东Guangdong	130	红桔仔Hongjizai	广东Guangdong
42	鸡爪薯Jizhuashu	广东Guangdong	131	紫白郊Zibaijiao	广东Guangdong
43	学老薯Xuelaoshu	广东Guangdong	132	花桔薯Huajishu	广东Guangdong
44	南洋薯Nanyangshu	广东Guangdong	133	沙根苕Shagenshao	四川Sichuan
45	五角星Wujiaoxing	海南Hainan	134	台湾秋Taiwanqiu	台湾Taiwan
46	鸡足爪Jizuzhua	海南Hainan	135	木瓜薯Muguashu	广西Guangxi
47	海北剪Haibeijian	海南Hainan	136	长藤Changteng	重庆Chongqing
48	丰收红Fengshouhong	海南Hainan	137	乌尖苕Wujianshao	重庆Chongqing
49	排岭薯Pailingshu	海南Hainan	138	台湾碰Taiwanpeng	台湾Taiwan
50	猪母公Zhumugong	海南Hainan	139	普宁种Puningzhong	广东Guangdong
51	黎薯Lishu	海南Hainan	140	饶平种Raopingzhong	广东Guangdong
52	蔓伦Manlun	海南Hainan	141	海洋种Haiyangzhong	广东Guangdong
53	三月白Sanyuebai	海南Hainan	142	新陇菜种Xinlongcaizhong	广东Guangdong
54	满城薯Manchengshu	海南Hainan	143	新花Xinhua	广东Guangdong
55	黑眼薯Heiyanshu	海南Hainan	144	莲上海边韭菜Lianshanghaibianjiucai	广东Guangdong
56	台红Taihong	广东Guangdong	145	莲下南份种Lianxiananfenzhong	广东Guangdong
57	担烂薯Danlanshu	广东Guangdong	146	香芋薯Xiangyushu	广东Guangdong
58	大叶母Dayemu	广东Guangdong	147	高州粉香薯Gaozhoufenxiangshu	广东Guangdong
59	五爪薯Wuzhuashu	广东Guangdong	148	南城种Nanchengzhong	海南Hainan
60	海白Haibai	广东Guangdong	149	莲上竹头Lianshangzhutou	广东Guangdong
61	嫩女薯Nennüshu	广东Guangdong	150	南坪紫茎Nanpingzijing	广东Guangdong
62	永春五齿Yongchunwuchi	福建Fujian	151	黄皮薯Huangpishu	广东Guangdong
63	黄仔闷Huangzaimen	福建Fujian	152	南澳种Nanaozhong	广东Guangdong
64	假芋薯Jiayushu	福建Fujian	153	干部种Ganbuzhong	广东Guangdong
65	六十日早Liushirizao	福建Fujian	154	深圳紫薯Shenzhenzishu	广东Guangdong
66	槟榔薯Binglangshu	福建Fujian	155	天鹅薯Tian’eshu	广东Guangdong
67	湖头本Hutouben	福建Fujian	156	南坪绿茎Napinglyujing	广东Guangdong
68	狗头薯Goutoushu	福建Fujian	157	石角紫茎Shijiaozijing	广东Guangdong
69	竖番甘薯芋Shufanganshuyu	福建Fujian	158	东海薯Donghaishu	广东Guangdong
70	木冬瓜Mudonggua	福建Fujian	159	大寨红Dazhaihong	广东Guangdong
71	潭钻Tanzuan	福建Fujian	160	早九十日Zaojiushiri	广东Guangdong
72	海权薯Haiquanshu	广西Guangxi	161	凤咀薯Fengjushu	广东Guangdong
73	过海薯Guohaishu	广西Guangxi	162	红尾麻Hongweima	广东Guangdong
74	姑娘薯Guniangshu	广西Guangxi	163	上沙薯Shangshashu	广东Guangdong
75	企岭薯Qilingshu	广西Guangxi	164	香粟薯Xiangsushu	广东Guangdong
76	玉兰种Yulanzhong	广东Guangdong	165	白玉九里香Baiyujiulixiang	广东Guangdong
77	黄略薯Huanglueshu	广东Guangdong	166	一点红甘薯Yidianhongganshu	广东Guangdong
序号 No.	名称 Name	原产地 Origin	序号 No.	名称 Name	原产地 Origin
78	五爪白Wuzhuabai	海南Hainan	167	双皮红番薯Shuangpihongfanshu	广东Guangdong
79	香种Xiangzhong	广东Guangdong	168	界炮2号Jiepao no.2	广东Guangdong
80	跃进薯Yuejinshu	海南Hainan	169	赤皮鸟咬梨Chipiniaoyaoli	广东Guangdong
81	大叶红Dayehong	海南Hainan	170	榄肉种Lanrouzhong	广东Guangdong
82	赤壳薯Chikeshu	海南Hainan	171	红蜜薯Hongmishu	广东Guangdong
83	后垅红Houlonghong	广东Guangdong	172	白肉番薯Bairoufanshu	广东Guangdong
84	南伏Nanfu	福建Fujian	173	九里香番薯 Jiulixiangfanshu	广东Guangdong
85	岩高粉Yangaofen	福建Fujian	174	龙九蕃莳Longjiufanshi	广东Guangdong
86	长蔓种Changmanzhong	福建Fujian	175	紫心薯Zixinshu	广东Guangdong
87	大头黄Datouhuang	福建Fujian	176	朱村一点红Zhucunyidianhong	广东Guangdong
88	沛斯Peisi	福建Fujian	177	兰溪番薯Lanxifanshu	广东Guangdong
89	特别薯Tebieshu	福建Fujian

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Fig. 2

Table 4

Fig. 3

Table 5

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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性状 Trait	描述规范 Description standard
叶片形状 Leaf shape	1: 圆; 2: 肾; 3: 心; 4: 尖心; 5: 三角; 6: 缺刻叶。 1: Round; 2: Reinform; 3: Cordate; 4: Acuminate-cordate; 5: Triangular; 6: Incised.
叶色 Leaf color	1: 浅绿; 2: 绿; 3: 紫绿; 4: 褐绿; 5: 浅紫; 6: 紫; 7: 褐; 8: 金黄。 1: Light green; 2: Green; 3: Purple-green; 4: Brown-green; 5: Light purple; 6: Purple; 7: Brown; 8: Golden yellow; 9: Red.
叶主脉色 Main vein pigmentation color	1: 浅绿; 2: 绿; 3: 黄; 4: 浅紫; 5: 紫; 6: 紫斑。 1: Light green; 2: Green; 3: Yellow; 4: Light purple; 5: Purple; 6: Purple speckle.
茎主色 Predominant color of vine	1: 浅绿; 2: 绿; 3: 紫红; 4: 浅紫; 5: 紫; 6: 深紫; 7: 褐。 1: Light green; 2: Green; 3: Mauve; 4: Light purple; 5: Purple; 6: Dark purple; 7: Brown.
株型 Plant type	1: 直立; 2: 半直立; 3: 匍匐; 4: 攀缘。 1: Erect; 2: Semi-erect; 3: Prostrate; 4: Scramble.
薯形 Shape of storage root	1: 球形; 2: 短纺锤; 3: 纺锤; 4: 长纺锤; 5: 上膨纺; 6: 下膨纺; 7: 筒形; 8: 弯曲; 9: 不规则。 1: Rotundity; 2: Short elliptic; 3: Elliptic; 4: Long elliptic; 5: Obovate; 6: Ovate; 7: Rectangle; 8: Curve; 9: Anomaly.
薯皮主色 Skin color of storage root	1: 白; 2: 淡黄; 3: 棕黄; 4: 黄; 5: 褐; 6: 粉红; 7: 红; 8: 紫红; 9: 紫; 10: 深紫。 1: White; 2: Light yellow; 3: Brown yellow; 4: Yellow; 5: Brown; 6: Pink; 7: Red; 8: Mauve; 9: Purple; 10: Dark purple.
薯肉主色 Predominant flesh color	1: 白; 2: 淡黄; 3: 黄; 4: 桔黄; 5: 桔红; 6: 粉红; 7: 红; 8: 紫红; 9: 紫; 10: 深紫。 1: White; 2: Light yellow; 3: Yellow; 4: Orange yellow; 5: Orange red; 6: Pink; 7: Red; 8: Mauve; 9: Purple; 10: Dark purple.

性状 Trait	项目 Item	全体 Total	类群I Cluster I	类群Ia Cluster Ia	类群Ib Cluster Ib	类群II Cluster II	类群IIa Cluster IIa	类群IIb Cluster IIb
茎直径 Diameter of stem (mm)	最大值 Max.	7.60	7.60	7.60	6.20	6.80	6.80	6.90
	最小值 Min.	3.00	3.50	3.50	3.70	3.00	3.60	3.00
	平均值 Mean	4.92	4.90	5.09	4.41	4.93	5.11	4.81
	变异系数 CV (%)	18.40	17.05	15.83	15.77	19.22	15.37	21.39
	多样性指数 H′	2.06	1.93	1.89	1.70	2.05	2.01	1.98
基部分枝(个) Number of base branches	最大值 Max.	30.60	30.60	30.60	28.00	24.00	24.00	22.60
	最小值 Min.	3.00	3.00	3.00	4.00	4.00	5.20	4.00
	平均值 Mean	12.17	11.62	12.01	10.65	12.54	12.97	12.25
	变异系数 CV (%)	36.68	44.79	41.95	51.47	30.88	30.02	31.29
	多样性指数 H′	2.01	1.94	1.90	1.70	2.04	2.04	2.06
最长蔓长 Length of the longest vine (cm)	最大值 Max.	450.00	450.00	261.00	450.00	170.00	170.00	117.40
	最小值 Min.	39.70	169.00	169.00	274.00	39.70	122.00	39.70
	平均值 Mean	165.75	245.35	215.57	319.80	113.70	144.73	92.03
	变异系数 CV (%)	46.83	23.10	12.01	13.29	27.93	9.64	22.66
	多样性指数 H′	1.99	1.89	2.02	1.83	2.09	1.98	1.95

性状 Trait	表型级别所占的频率Frequency of different phenotypic degree (%)										多样性指数 Diversity index
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	多样性指数 Diversity index
叶片形状 Leaf shape	0.00	2.26	31.64	5.08	2.82	58.19	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.02
叶色 Leaf color	7.34	89.27	2.82	0.00	0.00	0.57	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.42
叶主脉色 Main vein pigmentation color	7.91	17.51	0.00	20.34	39.55	14.69	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.48
茎主色 Predominant color of vine	1.69	75.71	1.69	1.13	10.73	2.82	6.21	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.91
株型 Plant type	0.00	32.77	65.53	1.69	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.71
薯形 Shape of storage root	1.13	6.21	44.63	18.64	6.21	18.64	4.52	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.52
薯皮主色 Skin color of storage root	13.56	7.91	2.26	9.60	5.08	10.17	20.34	21.47	8.47	1.13	2.08
薯肉主色 Predominant flesh color	27.12	24.29	21.47	13.56	6.78	0.00	1.13	0.00	4.52	1.13	1.72

性状 Trait	多样性指数 Diversity index (H′)
性状 Trait	1980年前 Before 1980	1980-1989	1990-1999	2000-2009	2020-2019
叶片形状 Leaf shape	0.98	0.81	0.95	0.55	1.21
叶色 Leaf color	0.42	0.42	0.12	0.37	0.40
叶主脉色 Main vein pigmentation color	1.55	1.48	1.04	1.31	1.53
茎主色 Predominant color of vine	0.60	0.61	0.70	1.26	0.90
株型 Plant type	0.50	0.77	0.62	0.75	0.80
薯形 Shape of storage root	1.40	1.43	0.99	1.43	1.37
薯皮主色 Skin color of storage root	1.81	1.99	1.76	1.63	1.86
薯肉主色 Predominant flesh color	1.12	1.36	1.55	1.74	1.90
茎直径 Diameter of stem	1.93	1.93	1.80	2.00	1.99
基部分枝 Number of base branches	1.90	1.98	1.87	2.06	1.91
最长蔓长 Length of the longest vine	2.02	1.94	1.90	1.70	1.96

Genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in 177 sweetpotato landrace

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