侧深施肥下水稻高产形成的根系形态及其生理变化特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22023

Abstract

Abstract:

The side-deep fertilization of rice is an asymmetric local fertilization for rhizosphere of seedlings that fertilizers are applied deep in paddy soil. It has the advantages of reducing fertilizer application and labor cost, increasing fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield. However, the effects of side-deep fertilization on root characteristics and its relationship with grain yield are unclear. This field experiment was conducted using rice verities of Fengjing 1606 and Nanjing 9108. Four nitrogen treatments, conventional fertilization with common urea (CF), conventional fertilization with 15% reduction of control released fertilizer (CFCR), side-deep fertilization with 15% reduction of common urea (SDCU), and side-deep fertilization with 15% reduction of control released fertilizer (SDCR), were tested to explore the effects of different nitrogen treatments on root morphological traits, anatomical structure, physiological characteristics, and grain yield. The results showed as follows: (1) The grain yield of SDCR treatment was the highest, followed by CF and CFCR treatments, the yields of SDCU treatment was the lowest. (2) SDCR treatment significantly increased the total root length, the root tips, root surface area, and root volume at different growth stage. (3) SDCR treatment reduced the cortical cross-sectional area of rice roots, the cortical cell layers, and the root diameter, and increases the stele diameter at different growth stages, however, there was no significant effect on the aerenchyma area and cortical cell area. (4) Compared with CF treatment, SDCR treatment significantly improved rice root activity, root nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity increased and reached the peak at heading stage, and then decreased, SDCR treatment had the highest GOGAT and GS activities at different growth stages. Therefore, to improve rice yield, improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency, and achieve the purpose of nitrogen reduction and production increase, the side-deep fertilization with 15% reduction of control released fertilizer could improve root morphological traits, anatomical structure, and physiological characteristics, enhance the root ability to absorb nutrients and water, prevent premature senescence of plant.

Key words: rice, side-deep fertilization, yield, root morphology structure, physiological characteristics

ZHANG Chen-Hui, ZHANG Yan, LI Guo-Hui, YANG Zi-Jun, ZHA Ying-Ying, ZHOU Chi-Yan, XU Ke, HUO Zhong-Yang, DAI Qi-Gen, GUO Bao-Wei. Root morphology and physiological characteristics for high yield formation under side-deep fertilization in rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(4): 1039-1051.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Effects of different nitrogen treatments on root morphological traits at different growth stage in rice"

品种 Variety	生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	总根长 Root length (×10³cm plant^-1)	根尖数 Root tip number (×10⁴plant^-1)	根表面积 Root surface area (×10³cm² plant^-1)	根体积 Root volume (cm³plant^-1)	比根长 Specific root length (m g^-1)	比根重 Specific root weight (g m^-1)	比根表面积 Specific root surface area (cm² g^-1)	比根体积 Specific root volume (cm³ g^-1)
丰粳1606 FJ 1606	PI	CF	10.08 b	5.54 b	1.62 ab	24.16 b	48.68 ab	0.021 ab	780.27 a	11.67 b
		CFCR	8.40 c	4.58 c	1.52 b	20.77 c	46.45 ab	0.022 ab	840.43 a	11.43 b
		SDCU	8.88 c	4.73 c	1.55 ab	23.36 b	43.79 b	0.023 a	764.80 a	11.46 b
		SDCR	11.03 a	9.63 a	1.66 a	28.07 a	54.17 a	0.019 b	817.34 a	13.80 a
	HD	CF	11.55 b	6.74 b	1.90 b	25.06 b	38.68 b	0.026 a	634.94 b	8.40 c
		CFCR	11.12 b	5.64 c	1.80 bc	22.45 c	60.25 a	0.018 c	980.31 a	12.05 a
		SDCU	10.64 b	5.75 c	1.72 c	21.27 c	45.08 b	0.022 b	727.90 b	9.00 bc
		SDCR	15.79 a	12.79 a	2.19 a	29.66 a	53.99 a	0.019 c	747.83 b	10.14 b
	MT	CF	7.57 b	5.47 b	1.23 a	15.86 ab	47.34 a	0.021 c	767.43 a	9.91 b
		CFCR	6.98 c	3.76 c	1.08 b	15.94 ab	49.94 a	0.020 c	774.17 a	11.37 a
		SDCU	6.52 c	2.71 d	1.03 b	14.28 b	35.54 b	0.029 a	566.57 b	7.72 c
		SDCR	8.30 a	7.54 a	1.28 a	17.59 a	39.82 b	0.025 b	610.73 b	8.41 c
南粳9108 NJ 9108	PI	CF	16.15 b	12.79 b	2.25 b	24.08 b	76.08 a	0.013 b	1058.86 a	11.32 b
		CFCR	13.56 c	9.44 d	1.56 d	17.30 d	60.23 b	0.017 a	693.94 b	7.73 c
		SDCU	15.57 b	11.78 c	2.00 c	19.83 c	80.24 a	0.012 b	1033.27 a	10.22 b
品种 Variety	生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	总根长 Root length (×10³cm plant^-1)	根尖数 Root tip number (×10⁴plant^-1)	根表面积 Root surface area (×10³cm² plant^-1)	根体积 Root volume (cm³plant^-1)	比根长 Specific root length (m g^-1)	比根重 Specific root weight (g m^-1)	比根表面积 Specific root surface area (cm² g^-1)	比根体积 Specific root volume (cm³ g^-1)
南粳9108 NJ 9108	PI	SDCR	17.30 a	13.70 a	2.47 a	30.85 a	75.24 a	0.013 b	1072.88 a	13.41 a
	HD	CF	18.64 b	17.88 b	2.65 b	32.26 b	66.40 a	0.015 c	942.53 a	11.49 a
		CFCR	17.34 c	14.89 c	2.35 c	28.06 c	54.77 b	0.018 b	741.39 b	8.88 b
		SDCU	16.30 c	12.24 d	2.06 d	26.67 c	36.15 c	0.028 a	455.71 c	5.91 c
		SDCR	22.35 a	24.24 a	3.62 a	51.62 a	48.49 b	0.021 b	785.52 b	11.19 a
	MT	CF	8.80 b	3.65 b	1.79 b	21.28 b	32.69 a	0.031 ab	664.47 a	7.90 b
		CFCR	7.25 c	3.17 b	1.34 c	18.20 c	35.04 a	0.028 b	647.51 a	8.83 b
		SDCU	6.27 d	3.14 b	1.13 d	14.56 d	34.26 a	0.029 b	613.59 a	7.96 b
		SDCR	9.68 a	4.87 a	2.08 a	35.01 a	30.58 a	0.033 a	655.23 a	11.06 a

Table 7

Table 8

Effects of different nitrogen treatments on root anatomical structure at different growth stages in rice"

品种 Variety	生育时期 Time	处理 Treatment	皮层横截面积 Cortical cross-sectional area (×10⁴µm²)	皮层生活细胞面积 Cortical cell area (×10⁴µm²)	皮层细胞层数 Cortical cell layer	中柱直径 Stele diameter (µm)	不定根直径 Root diameter (µm)	通气组织面积 Aerenchyma area (×10³µm²)	通气组织比例 Aerenchyma formation (%)	皮层生活细胞比例 Cortical cell area formation (%)	中柱直径与根直径之比 Stele diameter /root diameter
丰粳1606 FJ 1606	PI	CF	21.21 b	17.42 b	11.33 ab	126.12 b	565.81 a	37.92 ab	17.89 ab	82.11 ab	0.22 bc
		CFCR	22.36 b	22.14 a	12.00 a	119.88 c	562.11 a	2.19 b	1.10 b	98.90 a	0.21 c
		SDCU	24.71 a	18.22 ab	12.00 a	115.41 d	543.07 a	62.90 a	25.64 a	73.54 b	0.21 c
		SDCR	20.55 b	17.11 b	9.67 b	133.64 a	549.12 a	34.49 ab	16.78 ab	83.22 ab	0.24 a
	HD	CF	13.88 b	7.14 b	10.33 ab	124.89 a	497.25 b	60.14 a	42.89 a	51.38 b	0.25 b
		CFCR	16.62 a	13.01 a	11.00 ab	115.40 b	562.35 a	36.05 a	21.81 a	78.19 a	0.21 c
		SDCU	16.46 a	12.97 a	11.67 a	118.72 b	549.51 a	34.95 a	20.00 a	80.00 a	0.22 c
		SDCR	12.76 b	8.77 ab	9.33 b	125.75 a	424.32 c	42.70 a	33.68 a	68.45 ab	0.30 a
	MT	CF	8.08 b	5.88 a	11.67 a	92.24 ab	440.81 b	21.94 a	27.68 a	72.32 a	0.21 b
		CFCR	13.70 a	8.90 a	11.67 a	91.30 b	481.28 a	48.04 a	35.10 a	64.90 a	0.19 c
		SDCU	13.78 a	8.61 a	12.00 a	92.92 ab	440.25 b	53.33 a	38.73 a	62.47 a	0.21 b
		SDCR	8.79 b	5.39 a	11.33 a	96.09 a	413.71 b	33.97 a	38.26 a	61.72 a	0.23 a
南粳9108 NJ 9108	PI	CF	17.56 c	15.60 c	11.33 a	122.49 b	563.95 ab	23.11 a	12.75 a	89.22 a	0.22 b
		CFCR	25.42 a	24.72 a	11.00 ab	119.22 bc	575.89 ab	6.99 a	2.83 a	97.17 a	0.21 bc
		SDCU	21.93 b	20.78 b	11.67 a	116.63 c	600.65 a	11.54 a	4.94 a	95.06 a	0.20 c
		SDCR	13.27 d	12.40 d	10.33 b	130.05 a	534.06 b	8.63 a	6.44 a	93.56 a	0.24 a
	HD	CF	19.06 b	13.35 b	9.67 a	114.51 b	490.25 a	57.05 a	30.07 a	69.93 b	0.23 b
		CFCR	20.32 ab	17.57 a	9.67 a	104.16 c	453.34 a	27.55 b	13.52 b	86.48 a	0.23 b
		SDCU	21.55 a	17.32 a	10.00 a	101.66 c	454.54 a	42.31 ab	19.51 ab	80.49 ab	0.23 b
		SDCR	11.97 c	8.69 c	9.67 a	122.04 a	458.87 a	32.77 b	27.10 a	72.90 b	0.27 a
	MT	CF	8.53 b	6.24 b	11.00 a	110.14 b	460.38 b	22.96 b	26.78 b	73.22 a	0.24 a
		CFCR	10.68 a	8.09 a	11.00 a	101.59 c	546.12 a	25.86 b	24.74 b	75.26 a	0.19 b
		SDCU	11.00 a	5.89 b	11.00 a	102.52 c	557.24 a	51.09 a	46.63 a	53.37 b	0.19 b
		SDCR	8.00 b	4.71 b	10.00 b	116.42 a	457.97 b	32.93 b	41.21 a	58.79 b	0.25 a

Table 8

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 9

Relationships of yield and yield components with root characteristics in rice (n = 24)"

根系性状 Root trait	产量 Grain yield	穗数 Panicle	每穗粒数 Spikelets number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight	结实率 Grain filling percentage
幼穗分化期总根长PI-root length	0.9581^**	0.9701^**	0.9352^**	-0.9070^**	-0.3710
幼穗分化期根尖数PI-root tips	0.9593^**	0.9031^**	0.8828^**	-0.8085^*	-0.2517
幼穗分化期根表面积PI-root surface area	0.7957^*	0.7799^*	0.7150^*	-0.6719	-0.4170
幼穗分化期根体积PI-root volume	0.2469	0.0159	-0.0267	0.2023	0.0719
抽穗期总根长HD-root length	0.9565^**	0.8958^**	0.8980^**	-0.7736^*	-0.3036
抽穗期根尖数HD-root tips	0.9270^**	0.8634^**	0.8651^**	-0.7268^*	-0.3149
抽穗期根表面积HD-root surface area	0.8255^*	0.7572^*	0.7481^*	-0.5994	-0.3603
抽穗期根体积HD-root volume	0.7687^*	0.6666	0.6422	-0.4903	-0.3313
成熟期总根长MT-root length	0.6221	0.4386	0.4620	-0.2460	0.0549
成熟期根尖数MT-root tips	0.1093	-0.2493	-0.2204	0.4169	0.7170^*
成熟期根表面积MT-root surface area	0.7896^*	0.7216^*	0.7194^*	-0.5718	-0.2551
成熟期根体积MT-root volume	0.6709	0.5987	0.5850	-0.4276	-0.3856
幼穗分化期皮层横截面积PI-cortical cross-sectional area	-0.6231	-0.4876	-0.4424	0.3205	0.1569
幼穗分化期皮层细胞层数PI-cortical cell layer	-0.5375	-0.2371	-0.2816	0.0418	-0.3768
幼穗分化期中柱直径PI-stele diameter	0.3551	0.0199	0.0488	0.1846	0.5095
幼穗分化期不定根直径PI-root diameter	0.1454	0.2575	0.2453	-0.4340	0.0939
抽穗期皮层横截面积HD-cortical cross-sectional area	0.1083	0.3602	0.3692	-0.5552	-0.2802
抽穗期皮层细胞层数HD-cortical cell layer	-0.8515^**	-0.6453	-0.6912	0.5402	-0.3246
抽穗期中柱直径HD-stele diameter	-0.2587	-0.4993	-0.5041	0.6656	0.4301
根系性状 Root trait	产量 Grain yield	穗数 Panicle	每穗粒数 Spikelets number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight	结实率 Grain filling percentage
抽穗期不定根直径HD-root diameter	-0.7646^*	-0.5588	-0.5723	0.4527	-0.2760
成熟期皮层横截面积MT-cortical cross-sectional area	-0.7189^*	-0.4836	-0.4787	0.3417	-0.4266
成熟期皮层细胞层数MT-cortical cell layer	-0.9154^**	-0.8645^**	-0.8492^**	0.7447^*	0.3802
成熟期中柱直径MT-stele diameter	0.9008^**	0.9104^**	0.8854^**	-0.8076^*	-0.4662
成熟期不定根直径MT-root diameter	0.3167	0.5253	0.5243	-0.6749	-0.4038
幼穗分化期谷氨酸合成酶PI-GOGAT	0.4215	0.1932	0.1726	0.0320	-0.0583
抽穗期谷氨酸合成酶HD-GOGAT	0.3741	0.1307	0.1684	0.0847	0.1961
成熟期谷氨酸合成酶MT-GOGAT	0.8249^*	0.6521	0.7022	-0.4840	0.0128
幼穗分化期谷氨酰胺合成酶PI-GS	0.4580	0.2722	0.2134	-0.0662	-0.1606
抽穗期谷氨酰胺合成酶HD-GS	0.4203	0.2032	0.2476	-0.0072	0.2327
成熟期谷氨酰胺合成酶MT-GS	0.3913	0.1283	0.1042	0.0923	0.1464

Table 9

References 35

[1]	Carter C A, Zhong F, Zhu J. Advances in Chinese agriculture and its global implications. Appl Econ Perspt Policy, 2012, 34(1): 1-36.
[2]	麻坤, 刁钢. 化肥对中国粮食产量变化贡献率的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24: 1113-1120.
	Ma K, Diao G. Research on the contribution rate of fertilizer to grain yield in China. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2018, 24: 1113-1120. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	Peng S, Buresh R J, Huang J, Yang J, Zou Y, Zhong X, Wang G, Zhang F. Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China. Field Crops Res, 2006, 96: 37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.05.004
[4]	Cui Z L, Zhang H Y, Chen X P, Zhang C C, Ma W Q, Huang C D, Zhang W F, Mi G H, Miao Y X, Li X L, Gao Q, Yang J C, Wang Z H, Ye Y L, Guo S W, Lu J W, Huang J L, Lv S H, Sun Y X, Liu Y Y, Peng X L, Ren J, Li S Q, Deng X P, Shi X J, Zhang Q, Yang Z P, Tang L, Wei C Z, Jia L L, Zhang J, He M G, Tong Y N, Tang Q Y, Zhong X H, Liu Z H, Cao N, Kou C L, Ying H, Yin Y L, Jiao X Q, Zhang Q S, Fan M S, Jiang R F, Dou Z X. Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers. Nature, 2018, 555: 363-366. doi: 10.1038/nature25785
[5]	赵立军, 颜珊珊, 王宇杰, 张志鹏, 张玉鑫, 陈昌峰, 许春林. 侧深施肥插秧机施肥量对水稻栽培的影响. 农机化研究, 2019, 41(10): 192-197.
	Zhao L J, Yan S S, Wang Y J, Zhang Z P, Zhang Y X, Chen C F, Xu C L. The influence of fertilization rate on the rice cultivation by side deep fertilizer transplanter. J Agric Mechan Res, 2019, 41(10): 192-197. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	张洪程, 胡雅杰, 杨建昌, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉, 郭保卫, 邢志鹏, 胡群.. 中国特色水稻栽培学发展与展望. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54: 1301-1321.
	Zhang H C, Hu Y J, Yang J C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H, Guo B W, Xing Z P, Hu Q. Development and prospect of rice cultivation in china. Sci Agric Sin, 2021, 54: 1301-1321. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	陈雄飞, 罗锡文, 王在满, 张明华, 胡炼, 曾山, 莫钊文. 水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术试验研究. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(16) : 1-7.
	Chen X F, Luo X W, Wang Z M, Zhang M H, Hu L, Zeng S, Mo Z W. Experiment of synchronous side deep fertilizing technique with rice hill-drop drilling. Trans CSAE, 2014, 30(16): 1-7. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	Ke J, He R C, Hou P F, Ding C, Ding Y F, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q, Chen L, Li G H. Combined controlled- released nitrogen fertilizers and deep placement effects of N leaching, rice yield and N recovery in machine-transplanted rice. Agric Ecosys Environ, 2018, 265: 402-412. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.023
[9]	Zhu C H, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y K, Zhu D F, Chen H Z. Mechanized transplanting with side deep fertilization increases yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice in eastern China. Sci Rep, 2019, 9: 5653 doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42039-7 pmid: 30948780
[10]	黄恒, 姜恒鑫, 刘光明, 袁嘉琦, 汪源, 赵灿, 王维领, 霍中洋, 许轲, 戴其根, 张洪程, 李德剑, 刘国林. 侧深施氮对水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响. 作物学报, 2021, 47: 2232-2249. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02086
	Huang H, Jiang H X, Liu G M, Yuan J Q, Wang Y, Zhao C, Wang W L, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Dai Q G, Zhang H C, Li J D, Liu G L. Effects of side deep placement of nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Acta Agron Sin, 2021, 47: 2232-2249. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02086
[11]	王晓丹, 向镜, 张玉屏, 张义凯, 王亚梁, 陈惠哲. 水稻机插同步侧深施肥技术进展及应用. 中国稻米, 2020, 26(5): 53-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.012
	Wang X D, Xiang J, Zhang Y P, Zhang K Y, Wang Y L, Chen H Z. Research advances and application of rice mechanized transplanting with side deep fertilization technology. China Rice, 2020, 26(5): 53-57. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.05.012
[12]	Henry A, Cal A J, Batoto C, Torres R O, Serraj R. Root attributes affecting water uptake of rice (Oryza sativa) under drought. J Exp Bot, 2012, 63: 4751-4763. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers150 pmid: 22791828
[13]	Kadam N N, Yin X, Bindraban P S, Struik P C, Jagadish K S V. Does morphological and anatomical plasticity during the vegetative stage make wheat more tolerant of water deficit stress than rice? Plant Physiol, 2015, 167: 1389-1401. doi: 10.1104/pp.114.253328 pmid: 25614066
[14]	Hu B, Henry A, Brown K M, Lynch J P. Root cortical aerenchyma inhibits radial nutrient transport in maize (Zea mays). Ann Bot, 2014, 113: 181-189. doi: 10.1093/aob/mct259
[15]	Chimungu J G, Brown K M, Lynch J P. Reduced root cortical cell file number improves drought tolerance in maize. Plant Physiol, 2014, 166: 1943-1955. doi: 10.1104/pp.114.249037 pmid: 25355868
[16]	唐文帮, 邓化冰, 肖应辉, 张桂莲, 范科, 莫慧, 陈立云. 两系杂交水稻C两优系列组合的高产根系特征. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 2859-2868.
	Tang W B, Deng H B, Xiao Y H, Zhang G L, Fang K, Mo H, Chen L Y. Root characteristics of high-yield C Liangyou rice combinations of two-line hybrid rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 2859-2868. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	Ramasamy S, Berge H, Purushothaman S. Yield formation in rice in response to drainage and nitrogen application. Field Crops Res, 1997, 51: 65-82. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(96)01039-8
[18]	Rhodes D, Rendon G A, Stewart G R. The control of glutamine synthetase level in Lemna minor L. Planta, 1975, 125: 201-211. doi: 10.1007/BF00385596 pmid: 24435433
[19]	Singh R P, Srivastava H S. Increase in glutamate synthetase activity (NADH-dependent) in excised root and leaf of maize seedlings in response to acidic amino acids and amides. Physiol Plant, 1987, 182: 497-500.
[20]	尹娟, 费良军, 勉韶平. 宁夏银南灌区稻田控制排水条件下氮素淋失的研究. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, (1): 108-112.
	Yin J, Fei L J, Mian S P. Experiment on the nitrogen leaching in the drainage condition of rice field in Ningxia Yinnan irrigation region. J Northwest Sci-Tech Univ Agric For (Nat Sci Edn), 2006, (1): 108-112. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	关宋萌. 土壤酶及其研究法. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986. pp 274-323.
	Guan S M. Soil Enzymes and Their Research Methods. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1986. pp 274-323. (in Chinese)
[22]	莫钊文, 潘圣刚, 王在满, 罗锡文, 田华, 段美洋, 唐湘如. 机械同步深施肥对水稻品质和养分吸收利用的影响. 华中农业大学学报, 2013, 32(5): 34-39.
	Mo Z W, Pan S G, Wang Z M, Luo W X, Tian H, Duan M Y, Tang X R. Effects of deeply mechanized fertilizer application on rice quality and nutrient absorption and utilization of direct seeding rice. J South China Agric Univ, 2013, 32(5): 34-39. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Pan S G, Wen X C, Wang Z M, Umair A, Tian H, Duan M Y, Mo Z W, Fan P S, Tang X R. Benefits of mechanized deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer in direct-seeded rice in South China. Field Crops Res, 2017, 203: 139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.011
[24]	赵红玉, 徐寿军, 杨成林, 王丽妍. 侧深施肥技术对寒地水稻生长及产量形成的影响. 内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 32: 347-352.
	Zhao Y H, Xu S J, Yang C L, Wang L Y. Effects of side deep fertilizing on growth and yield of rice in cold regions. J Inner Mongolia Agric Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2017, 32: 347-352. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	怀燕, 陈照明, 张耿苗, 姜铭北, 许剑锋, 王强. 水稻侧深施肥技术的氮肥减施效应. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2020, 46(2): 217-224.
	Huai Y, Chen Z M, Zhang G M, Jiang M B, Xu J F, Wang Q. Nitrogen reduction effect of side-deep placement of fertilizer on the rice production. J Zhejiang Univ (Agric Life Sci Edn), 2020, 46(2): 217-224. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	刘汝亮, 王芳, 王开军, 张爱平, 李友宏, 洪瑜, 杨正礼. 控释氮肥侧条施用对东北地区水稻产量和氮肥损失的影响. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32: 252-256.
	Liu R L, Wang F, Wang K J, Zhang A P, Li Y H, Hong Y, Yang Z L. Effects of side strip application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen loss in Northeast China. J Soil Water Conserv, 2018, 32: 252-256. (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]	王昕, 唐宏亮, 申建波. 玉米根系对土壤氮、磷空间异质性分布的响应. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19: 1058-1064.
	Wang X, Tang H L, Shen J B. Root responses of maize to spatial heterogenous nitrogen and phosphorus. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2013, 19: 1058-1064. (in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]	郑圣先, 聂军, 戴平安, 郑颖俊. 控释氮肥对杂交水稻生育后期根系形态生理特征和衰老的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12: 2188-2194.
	Zhen S X, Nie J, Dai P A, Zheng Y J. Effect of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on the morphological and physiological characteristics and senescence of root system during late growth stages of hybrid rice. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2006, 12: 2188-2194. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	陈亚宇. 不同施肥深度对水稻氮磷钾动态变化及生长和产量的影响. 湖南农业大学硕士学位论文, 湖南长沙, 2015.
	Chen Y Y. NPK Dynamic Changes of Rice Cultivation System and Influence of Growth and Yield with Different Fertilization Depth. MS Thesis of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 2015. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	彭玉, 马均, 蒋明金, 严奉君, 孙永健, 杨志远. 缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19: 1048-1057.
	Peng Y, Ma J, Jiang M J, Yan F J, Sun Y J, Yang Z Y. Effect of slow/controlled release fertilizer on root morphological and physiological characteristics of rice. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2013, 19: 1048-1057. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	肖德顺, 徐春梅, 王丹英, 章秀福, 陈松, 褚光, 刘元辉. 根际氧环境对水稻幼苗根系微形态结构的影响及其生理机制. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36: 399-409. doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211103
	Xiao S D, Xu C M, Wang D Y, Zhang X F, Chu G, Liu Y H. The effect of rhizosphere oxygen environment on the root micromorphological structure and its physiological mechanism of rice seedlings. Chin J Rice Sci, 2022, 36: 399-409.
[32]	Fan M, Zhu J, Richards C, Brown K M, Lynch J P. Physiological roles for aerenchyma in phosphorus-stressed roots. Funct Plant Biol, 2003, 30: 493-506. doi: 10.1071/FP03046 pmid: 32689034
[33]	Yang X, Li Y, Ren B, Ding L, Gao C, Shen Q, Guo S. Drought-induced root aerenchyma formation restricts water uptake in rice seedlings supplied with nitrate. Plant Cell Physiol, 2012, 53: 495-504. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcs003 pmid: 22257489
[34]	李科, 卢向阳, 彭丽莎. 饲料稻氮代谢特性研究. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, (5): 331-334.
	Li K, Lu X Y, Peng L S. Characteristics of nitrogen metabolism in forage rice. J Hunan Agric Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2001, (5): 331-334. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	卢永恩, 罗风, 杨猛, 李香花, 练兴明. 抑制表达谷氨酸合酶基因对水稻碳氮代谢的影响. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2011, 41: 481-493.
	Lu Y N, Luo F, Yang M, Li X H, Lian X M. Suppression of glutamate synthase genes significantly affects carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci China Life Sci, 2011, 41: 481-493. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

月份 Month	最低温度 Minimum temperature (℃)		最高温度 Maximum temperature (℃)		平均温度 Mean temperature (℃)		降雨量 Rainfall (mm)		相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)		日照时间 Day length (h)
月份 Month	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
5	13.0	12.6	35.4	34.6	22.6	21.6	48.6	193.4	72.8	73.5	188.6	157.4
6	13.5	16.7	35.4	36.4	25.5	26.4	359.1	121.7	80.9	76.6	112.0	151.1
7	19.8	22.0	34.6	37.7	25.5	29.0	212.2	434.9	87.2	83.3	63.8	133.1
8	23.2	20.7	38.3	37.7	30.5	28.0	140.7	138.7	81.7	83.9	202.9	138.7
9	16.5	18.2	34.6	35.9	24.0	26.0	30.2	35.7	77.8	78.8	183.7	128.4
10	5.5	8.0	29.6	33.9	17.0	19.5	39.4	88.2	75.4	76.2	159.0	101.3
11	4.6	1.7	28.5	22.0	12.5	12.5	60.4	33.9	75.9	68.3	136.0	95.9

年份 Year	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen-P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
2020	7.79	31.01	2.58	14.77	122.08
2021	8.34	33.73	3.10	14.80	123.12

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	铵态氮 Ammoniacal nitrogen		铵态氮 Ammoniacal nitrogen		硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen		硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen
		FJ 1606		NJ 9108		FJ 1606		NJ 9108
		0-5 cm	5-10 cm	0-5 cm	5-10 cm	0-5 cm	5-10 cm	0-5 cm	5-10 cm
PI	CF	43.55	32.38	41.57	28.61	29.75	28.04	31.14	28.11
	CFCR	35.76	27.42	35.72	25.90	29.40	20.71	29.51	25.65
	SDCU	40.69	25.19	39.82	26.35	30.97	26.72	24.81	23.95
	SDCR	37.82	28.91	37.28	32.20	31.54	21.33	29.06	24.51
HD	CF	15.83	15.63	16.29	20.54	20.14	19.76	16.54	18.80
	CFCR	16.33	13.84	15.30	17.65	20.82	16.80	13.82	17.54
	SDCU	14.68	13.77	14.41	21.83	22.12	17.18	14.03	16.64
	SDCR	18.84	16.86	17.36	18.16	21.67	19.60	17.20	19.50
MT	CF	17.44	14.54	16.15	32.89	31.52	23.36	16.87	22.60
	CFCR	16.35	12.38	15.71	29.87	28.94	22.74	14.69	21.35
	SDCU	15.81	12.14	14.19	26.30	25.11	20.12	13.13	19.16
	SDCR	19.87	15.06	18.12	32.31	32.43	23.40	15.25	23.78

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase		脲酶 Urease		蔗糖酶 Sucrase		纤维素酶 Cellulase		脱氢酶 Dehydrogenase
时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	FJ1606	NJ 9108	FJ 1606	NJ 9108	FJ 1606	NJ 9108	FJ 1606	NJ 9108	FJ 1606	NJ 9108
PI	CF	65.31	64.88	909.31	779.68	709.68	727.43	116.26	116.57	85.09	87.12
	CFCR	63.95	58.96	748.24	750.47	649.55	646.26	119.78	115.64	83.33	86.24
	SDCU	63.86	55.61	895.75	768.67	639.25	642.87	115.70	112.78	84.47	83.38
	SDCR	65.58	66.88	760.23	736.77	717.23	744.44	129.22	126.48	86.75	88.33
HD	CF	68.31	68.16	762.83	752.05	721.75	752.86	123.58	125.17	92.22	93.68
	CFCR	65.50	65.08	837.84	789.23	668.13	703.43	128.40	120.29	89.36	89.64
	SDCU	65.34	64.40	763.93	735.25	668.13	670.18	126.90	118.67	86.90	86.35
	SDCR	68.56	71.30	783.91	836.61	762.43	815.75	132.64	138.26	93.33	96.90
MT	CF	57.30	57.43	722.38	722.17	693.21	616.16	113.91	115.47	84.40	86.93
	CFCR	57.29	56.51	707.84	714.22	662.23	599.73	108.02	110.22	82.65	84.23
	SDCU	57.07	56.27	708.31	687.75	573.92	568.50	103.45	111.46	79.97	82.93
	SDCR	58.14	61.20	750.68	710.08	699.29	627.49	121.35	122.01	85.30	87.71

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗数 Panicles number (×10⁴hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)
2020	丰粳1606 FJ 1606	CF	293.41 a	139.67 a	27.25 a	95.29 a	10.03 ab
		CFCR	288.87 a	139.33 a	27.46 a	94.09 a	9.83 bc
		SDCU	288.74 a	138.33 a	27.65 a	93.63 a	9.77 c
		SDCR	294.01 a	140.67 a	27.72 a	95.29 a	10.18 a
	南粳9108 NJ 9108	CF	321.22 ab	147.33 a	24.43 a	94.30 a	10.41 a
		CFCR	318.23 b	147.33 a	24.54 a	94.20 a	10.33 a
		SDCU	317.98 b	145.33 a	24.43 a	93.84 a	10.33 a
		SDCR	324.03 a	147.33 a	24.85 a	93.40 a	10.53 a
2021	丰粳1606 FJ 1606	CF	287.72 a	150.64 a	26.65 a	92.55 a	10.06 a
		CFCR	284.16 ab	151.25 a	26.57 a	90.01 ab	9.87 b
		SDCU	275.00 b	144.20 a	25.89 a	89.40 b	9.77 b
		SDCR	292.09 a	154.56 a	26.14 a	87.69 b	10.18 a
	南粳9108 NJ 9108	CF	319.70 a	155.23 a	24.30 a	87.20 b	10.49 a
		CFCR	317.56 a	155.15 a	24.35 a	89.14 ab	10.33 b
		SDCU	316.21 a	154.46 a	24.15 a	89.31 ab	10.30 b
		SDCR	323.46 a	155.21 a	24.35 a	90.72 a	10.63 a

Root morphology and physiological characteristics for high yield formation under side-deep fertilization in rice

RichHTML409

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 35

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

处理 Treatment	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate (kg N hm^-2)	氮肥运筹 Nitrogen fertilizer application (kg N hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate (kg N hm^-2)	基肥 Base fertilizer	分蘖肥 Tillering fertilizer	穗肥(倒3.5叶) Panicle fertilizer (3.5 leaf age remainders)	穗肥(倒1.5叶) Panicle fertilizer (1.5 leaf age remainders)
CF	300	120	60	60	60
CFCR	255	255	0	0	0
SDCU	255	255	0	0	0
SDCR	255	255	0	0	0

[1]	Hu Chuan, Zhao Kai-Nan, Huang Xiu-Li, Wu Jin-Zhi, Ren Kai-Ming, Wang He-Zheng, Fu Guo-Zhan, Huang Ming, Li You-Jun. Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen rates on yield and quality of dryland wheat under one-off irrigation [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846.
[2]	Ma Sheng-Qian, Wang Zhi-Ping, Chen Hao-Tian, Dou Shu-Xian, Zhang Yan, Deng Ai-Xing, Zhang Wei-Jian, Yuan Xiang-Yang, Song Zhen-Wei. Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen application rate on maize yield and soil aggregates in northeastern China under straw returning [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
[3]	Hu Zhao, Qian Run, Xie Feng-Pu, Ying Su-Ping. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the SPX gene family in rice under phosphorus treatment [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1902-1912.
[4]	Zou Yi-Mei, Xu Min, Wang Hai-Yang, Yao Hui, Wang Jia-Feng, Liu Hao, Ren Dai-Sheng. Analysis of transcription factor regulatory networks in two-line male sterile rice seedling roots in response to salt stress [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1728-1742.
[5]	Zhang Si-Si, Zhao Xiang-Hui, Zhou Yang, Yao Yun-Feng, Zhu Rong-Yu, Dong Yuan-Jie, Hu Guo-Qing, Xu Tong, Liu Zhao-Xin. Effects of plowing and green manure returning in winter fallow period on soil physicochemical properties and yield in continuously cropped peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[6]	Zhang Ning-Ning, Teng Yu-Fei, Ren Na-Na, Wei Xing-Zhuo, Yan Shu-Hao, Fan Ke-Xin, Wang Yong-Hong, Chen Wen-Kang, Zhang Xing-Hua, Zhu Wan-Chao, Xu Shu-Tu, Xue Ji-Quan. Phenotypic evaluation and plasticity analysis of drought resistance in 201 maize inbred lines [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325.
[7]	Wang Yu-Cheng, Zhang Lu, Liu A-Kang, Huang Jian-Liang, Peng Shao-Bing, Yuan Shen. Strategies and prospects for large-scale crop yield improvement based on yield gap [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290.
[8]	Zhang Zhen, Feng Lian-Jie, Shi Yu, Yu Zhen-Wen, Zhang Yong-Li. Yield formation of wheat with different ear types under water-saving supplementary irrigation conditions [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535.
[9]	Yan An, Jiang Kun-Wei, Wang Rong-Yuan, Tian Lin, Zhang Lu, Wang Yun, Xu Jian-Long. Identification and cloning of SVN7 controlling small vascular bundle number in the rice flag leaf [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372.
[10]	Liu Xin-Meng, Ren Hao, Zhang Ji-Bo, Zhang Ji-Wang, Zhao Bin, Ren Bai-Zhao, Liu Peng, Wang Hong-Zhang. Physiological mechanisms of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) alleviating the effects of heat stress on ear differentiation in maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572.
[11]	Wang Zhuang-Zhuang, Wu Zi-Jun, Zhang Yong-Xin, Zhang Xin-Yuan, Yuan Li-Xue, Chen Ru-Xue, Liu Shi-Ju, Duan Jian-Zhao, Feng Wei, Wang Tong-Chao, Wang Yong-Hua. Optimized water-nitrogen synergy enhances winter wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency in clay-loam fluvo-aquic soils of southeastern Henan, China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[12]	Zhao Jia-Xue, Zhou Long-Hao, Guo Qi-Yuan, Shang Lun-Xiao, Wang Han, Liu Zhi-Tao, Chen Xi, Zhang Xiao-Pei, Song Xian-Liang, Ahmedov Miraziz Baltaevich, Mao Li-Li. Long-term stubble return and subsoiling enhance cotton yields in coastal saline-alkali soils by improving soil conditions and photosynthetic characteristics [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560.
[13]	Guo Xing-Yu, Hu Dan, Lin Su-Qi, Wang Meng-Kai, Tan Wen-Feng, Huang Chuan-Qin. Biochar combined with chemical fertilizer increases maize yield and soil ecosystem multifunctionality in an intercropped maize-soybean [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547.
[14]	Zhang Hong-Rong, Wang Fei-Er, Li Pan, Qiu Hai-Long, Zhu Jing, Zhao Lian-Hao, Nan Yun-You, He Wei, Fan Zhi-Long, Hu Fa-Long, Chai Qiang, Yin Wen. Photosynthetic characteristics of 20% reduced irrigation combined with 25% organic substitution for chemical fertilizer in increasing silage maize yield [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500.
[15]	Hou Si-Yu, Wang Guo-Cui, Wei Jin-Gui, Xie Wei-Xin, Yin Wen, Fan Zhi-Long, Chai Qiang, Hu Fa-Long. Effects of green manure combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and yield formation of wheat in arid irrigation areas of northwestern China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(4): 1208-1219.