小麦矮秆突变体Xu1801的鉴定及其矮化效应分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21056

Abstract

Abstract:

A natural dwarf mutant was discovered in the purification and rejuvenation of Xumai35 (XM35) foundation seeds. After multiple generations of individual selection, the dwarf trait of the mutant named Xu1801 temporarily could be stably inherited. To explore the cause of dwarfing phenotype, agronomic traits, lodging index analysis, gibberellin treatment at seedling stage, and dwarf-related genes detection were carried out. The results showed that the average plant height was 68.16 cm in Xu1801, shorter by24.05% than the wild-type XM35. The dwarfing effect of Xu1801 was manifested in the reduction of internode number and the extremely significant shortening of internode length. Among all internodes, the 5th internode had the largest dwarfing effect (44.16%). Flag leaf width, chlorophyll content, and spikelet density were extremely significantly higher in Xu1801 compared with XM35, and there was no difference in other agronomic traits. Compared with XM35, the grain yield of Xu1801 was lower by 8604.17 kg hm^-2, while protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation volume of Xu1801 were significantly improved. The stem of Xu1801 was thick, and the internode fullness was extremely significantly higher than that of XM35. The lodging index was 47.73, extremely significantly lower than that of XM35, indicating its outstanding lodging-resistance ability. The detection of dwarfing gene-linked molecular markers revealed that Xu1801 might contain Rht-D1b, Rht4, Rht8, Rht9, and Rht12. Except for WMC317 (Rht4) and BARC102 (Rht5) revealed different amplification bands between Xu1801 and XM35, the amplification bands of other markers were relatively consistent. In conclusion, Xu1801 not only had short plant height and excellent lodging resistance, but also coordinated grain yield and quality characteristics properly, demonstrating the outstanding potential for cultivation. Meanwhile, Xu1801 carried several dwarfing genes and could be utilized as germplasm resources for genetic analysis of wheat plant height.

Key words: wheat, dwarf mutant, lodging index, gibberellin, molecular markers

SU Zai-Xing, HUANG Zhong-Qin, GAO Run-Fei, ZHU Xue-Cheng, WANG Bo, CHANG Yong, LI Xiao-Shan, DING Zhen-Qian, YI Yuan. Identification of wheat dwarf mutant Xu1801 and analysis of its dwarfing effect[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(8): 2133-2143.

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基因 Gene	引物 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence (5'−3')	片段长度 Fragment length (bp)	退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃)	染色体 Chromosome	参考文献 Reference
Rht-B1b (Rht1)	BF	GGTAGGGAGGCGAGAGGCGAG	237	65	4BS	[27]
Rht-B1b (Rht1)	MR1	CATCCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTA
Rht-B1a	BF	GGTAGGGAGGCGAGAGGCGAG
Rht-B1a	WR1	CATCCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTG
Rht-D1b (Rht2)	DF	CGCGCAATTATTGGCCAGAGATAG	254	63	4DS
Rht-D1b (Rht2)	MR2	CCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTGCTA	254
Rht-D1a	DF2	GGCAAGCAAAAGCTTCGCG	264
Rht-D1a	WR2	GGCCATCTCGAGCTGCAC	264
Rht4	WMC317 F	TGCTAGCAATGCTCCGGGTAAC	170	58	2BL	[28],[29]
Rht4	WMC317 R	TCACGAAACCTTTTCCTCCTCC	170	58	2BL
Rht5	BARC102 F	GGAGAGGACCTGCTAAAATCGAAGACA	200	58	3BS
Rht5	BARC102 R	GCGTTTACGGATCAGTGTTGGAGA	200	58	3BS
Rht8	WMC503 F	GCAATAGTTCCCGCAAGAAAAG	275	55	2DS
	WMC503 R	ATCAACTACCTCCAGATCCCGT	275	55
	Xgwm261 F	CTCCCTGTACGCCTAAGGC	192	55
	Xgwm261 R	CTCGCGCTACTAGCCATTG	192	55
Rht9	BARC151 F	TGAGGAAAATGTCTCTATAGCATCC	220	55	5AL
Rht9	BARC151 R	CGCATAAACACCTTCGCTCTTCCACTC	220	55	5AL
Rht12	WMC410 F	GGACTTGAAAAGGAAGCTTGTGA	114	61	5AL
Rht12	WMC410 R	CATGGATGGCATGCAGTGT	114	61	5AL
Rht13	WMS577 F	ATGGCATAATTTGGTGAAATTG	130	55	7BS
Rht13	WMS577 R	TGTTTCAAGCCCAACTTCTATT	130	55	7BS

性状 Trait	徐麦35 XM35 (cm)	Xu1801 (cm)	矮化值 Shorten value (cm)	矮化效应 Dwarfing effect (%)
株高Plant height	89.74±2.57	68.16±1.60^**	21.58	24.05
第1节间长度 1st internode length	27.85±2.26	21.61±1.89^**	6.24	22.41
第2节间长度 2nd internode length	16.29±0.77	14.04±0.54^**	2.25	13.81
第3节间长度 3rd internode length	12.46±0.78	9.24±0.35^**	3.22	25.84
第4节间长度 4th internode length	11.83±0.56	8.10±0.29^**	3.74	31.57
第5节间长度 5th internode length	8.90±1.83	4.97±1.96^**	3.93	44.16
第6节间长度 6th internode length	3.17±1.51	0.00±0.00	—	—

性状Trait	徐麦35 XM35	Xu1801
旗叶长度Flag leaf length (cm)	18.96±1.53	19.48±2.18
旗叶宽度Flag leaf width (cm)	2.28±0.10	2.48±0.13^**
旗叶叶面积Flag leaf area (cm²)	32.59±3.64	36.41±5.37
叶绿素含量Leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD)	53.82±0.35	56.82±0.22^**
穗长Spike length (cm)	11.04±0.56	10.58±0.41
每穗小穗数Spikelets number per spike	24.40±1.51	24.90±0.57
不育小穗数Empty spikelet number per spike	1.10±0.32	0.90±0.57
小穗密度Spikelet density	2.21±0.08	2.36±0.07^**
芒长Awn length (cm)	3.40±0.35	3.19±0.30
籽粒长度Grain length (mm)	5.73±0.09	5.64±0.03
籽粒宽度Grain width (mm)	3.00±0.07	3.12±0.02

性状 Trait	徐麦35 XM35	Xu1801
穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	601.45±27.35	523.19±11.16^**
穗粒数 Grain number per spike	46.82±0.33	49.61±0.71^*
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	37.16±0.44	38.60±0.30
产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	9175.60±343.18	8604.17±369.25
容重Volume weight (g L^-1)	831.67±4.04	823.33±2.31
蛋白质含量Protein content (%)	9.96±0.33	11.43±0.24^*
蛋白质产量Protein yield (kg hm^-2)	913.58±30.40	983.17±20.33
湿面筋含量Wet gluten content (%)	21.88±0.53	25.04±0.04^*
沉降值Sedimentation volume (mL)	20.67±0.97	24.60±0.44^*

各节间充实度 The filling degree of internode	徐麦35茎秆 Stem of XM35 (mg cm^-1)	Xu1801茎秆 Stem of Xu1801 (mg cm^-1)
第1节间 1st internode	11.34±0.61	14.62±1.06^**
第2节间 2nd internode	20.82±0.74	28.01±1.09^**
第3节间 3rd internode	23.92±1.94	31.71±2.63^**
第4节间 4th internode	26.88±0.90	33.70±4.52^**
第5节间 5th internode	27.99±1.00	35.35±3.25^**

Identification of wheat dwarf mutant Xu1801 and analysis of its dwarfing effect

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