作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 2211-2219.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02211
高春华1,2,于振文1,石玉1,*,张永丽1,赵俊晔3
GAO Chun-Hua1,2,YU Zhen-Wen1,SHI Yu1,*,ZHANG Yong-Li1,ZHAO Jun-Ye3
摘要:
2007—2009年连续2个小麦生长季,利用测墒补灌技术,设置0~140 cm土壤相对含水量低(拔节期65%, 开花期55%~60%)、中(拔节期75%, 开花期65%~70%)、高(拔节期75%, 开花期75%) 3个处理,比较了14个小麦生产品种的水分利用特性及干物质积累和分配的差异。以小麦籽粒产量和水分利用率为指标的聚类分析,将14个小麦品种分为3组,分别是超高产高水分利用率组(I组)、超高产中水分利用率组(II组)和高产低水分利用率组(III组)。比较各组代表品种的耗水量、耗水模系数及日耗水量,播种至拔节期山农15 (I组)显著低于济麦22 (II组)和烟农21 (III组),拔节至开花期山农15显著高于济麦22和烟农21,开花至成熟期品种间无显著差异。在中水分条件下,山农15的土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例显著高于济麦22和烟农21,而在低和高水分条件下,3个品种无显著差异。在中、高水分条件下,山农15开花期的干物质积累量显著高于济麦22和烟农21,成熟期与济麦22无显著差异,但显著高于烟农21;营养器官开花前贮藏同化物向籽粒的转运量和转运率及对籽粒的贡献率均显著高于济麦22和烟农21;3品种的经济系数以山农15最大,济麦22次之,烟农21最小。
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