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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1867-1874.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01867

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

光照强度对大豆叶片光合特性及同化物的影响

程亚娇,范元芳,谌俊旭,王仲林,谭婷婷,李佳凤,李盛蓝,杨峰(),杨文钰   

  1. 四川农业大学农学院 / 作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心, 四川成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-31 接受日期:2018-07-20 出版日期:2018-12-12 网络出版日期:2018-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 杨峰
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31571615);大学生创新性实验项目资助(201710626115)

Effects of Light Intensity on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Assimilates of Soybean Leaf

Ya-Jiao CHENG,Yuan-Fang FAN,Jun-Xu CHEN,Zhong-Lin WANG,Ting-Ting TAN,Jia-Feng LI,Sheng-Lan LI,Feng YANG(),Wen-Yu YANG   

  1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2018-03-31 Accepted:2018-07-20 Published:2018-12-12 Published online:2018-07-27
  • Contact: Feng YANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571615);the Undergraduate Innovative Experiment Project(201710626115)

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摘要：

间套作荫蔽环境下, 光强是影响作物生长和产量的直接因素。本试验通过设定不同光照强度, 分析不同大豆品种的光合特性、光合同化物和叶片中叶绿体超微结构的昼夜变化, 明确光强对大豆叶片结构和同化物积累的影响, 了解品种间差异, 以期为提高大豆产量、改善大豆品质提供理论依据。以耐阴品种南豆12和敏感品种桂夏3号为试验材料, 分别设置CK (正常光照, 遮光度0)、A1 (一层黑色遮阳网, 遮光度10%)、A2 (两层黑色遮阳网, 遮光度36%) 3个不同光照强度。结果表明, 随着遮阴程度的增加, 2个大豆品种净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和生物量均呈逐渐降低趋势, 但胞间二氧化碳浓度、叶绿素b含量逐渐上升。同一大豆品种在相同处理下叶片蔗糖和淀粉含量昼夜变化差异显著。正常光照和A1处理下的大豆叶片蔗糖含量昼夜变化呈双峰曲线, 波峰分别出现在16:00和次日6:00, A2处理下南豆12蔗糖含量昼夜变化呈单峰趋势, 峰值出现在16:00, 为32.80 μg g -1。淀粉含量昼夜变化呈单峰曲线, 最高值均出现在21:00, 且耐阴品种大豆在A2处理下蔗糖和淀粉含量日变化幅度大于敏感品种大豆。大豆叶片超微结果表明, 弱光处理下大豆叶片叶绿体结构完整, 无破碎现象, 相同品种在同一处理下淀粉粒与叶绿体截面积比值昼夜变化显著, 均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势, 耐阴品种变化幅度大于敏感品种, 最大值均出现在21:00。因此, 随着遮阴程度增加, 大豆叶片生物量积累减少, 光合作用降低, 但耐阴品种在适度遮阴下通过调节光合器官结构的昼夜变化而保持良好的光合作用, 以更好地适应荫蔽环境。

关键词: 大豆, 光照强度, 光合特性, 同化物, 叶绿体超微结构

Abstract:

Light intensity plays a significant role in determining the growth and seed yield of crops under the sheltering of intercropping systems. By setting different light intensities, the photosynthetic characteristics, assimilate metabolism and the diurnal variation of chloroplast ultrastructure in leaf of different soybean cultivars to clarify the effect of light intensity on the structure of soybean leaf and the accumulation of carbohydrate, in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving soybean yield and quality. A pot experiment was carried out with three light intensities treatments, including CK (normal light, shading 0), A1 (black shading net, shading 10%) and A2 (two black shading nets, shading 36%) of two soybean cultivars (shade-resistant cultivar Nandou-12 and shade susceptible cultivar Guixia-3). With increased shading, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and biomass decreased while intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and chlorophyll b increased in all treatments. There was a significant difference in the diurnal variation of sucrose and starch contents in soybean leaf under the same treatment. The diurnal variation of sucrose content in soybean leaf showed a bimodal curve with the peaks at 16:00 and next day 6:00 respectively under CK and A1 treatment. Under A2 treatment, the highest diurnal sucrose content was 32.80 μg g -1 in Nandou 12 and showed a unimodal changing trend with the peak at 16:00. The diurnal variation of starch content showed a single-peak curve and the highest value appeared at 21:00. Compared with the shade sensitive cultivar, the shade-tolerant soybean had greater diurnal variation of sucrose content and starch content under A2 treatment. The chloroplast structure of soybean leaf was intact and unbroken under the low light treatment. The diurnal variation of the cross-sectional area ratio of starch grain to chloroplast in the same cultivar changed significantly under the same treatment, showing a trend of decreasing after increasing. The changing rate was greater in shade-tolerant cultivar than in sensitive cultivar, and the maximum value appeared at 21:00. Therefore, biomass accumulation of soybean leaves and photosynthesis decreased with increasing shading. However, shade-tolerant cultivar maintained a good photosynthesis by adjusting the diurnal variation of photosynthetic organ structure, thus better adapting to the moderate shading condition.

Key words: soybean, light intensity, photosynthetic characteristics, assimilate, chloroplast ultrastructure

图1

不同处理下大豆冠层光照强度 图中小写字母表示P ≤ 0.05水平下的显著性差异。CK: 正常光照, 遮光度0; A1: 一层黑色遮阳网, 遮光度10%; A2: 两层黑色遮阳网, 遮光度36%。"

表1

不同光照强度对大豆叶片光合特性的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 净光合速率
Pn (μmol m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs (μmol m-2 s-1)		 胞间二氧化碳浓度
Ci (μmol m-2 s-1)		 蒸腾速率
Tr (μmol mol-1 s-1)
南豆12 CK 18.074 a 0.438 a 260.999 b 5.006 a
Nandou 12 A1 17.505 a 0.336 a 274.026 b 4.679 a
A2 12.053 b 0.304 a 327.818 a 4.561 a
桂夏3号 CK 20.102 a 0.430 a 275.182 b 5.682 a
Guixia 3 A1 17.503 b 0.348 b 286.178 ab 5.040 a
A2 11.052 c 0.231 c 308.160 a 3.204 b

表2

不同光照强度对大豆叶片光合色素含量的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 叶绿素a含量
Chl a (mg dm-2)		 叶绿素b含量
Chl b (mg dm-2)		 类胡萝卜含量
Car (mg dm-2)
南豆12 CK 3.746 b 1.032 a 0.715 b
Nandou 12 A1 5.771 a 1.048 a 0.899 a
A2 3.414 b 1.245 a 0.685 b
桂夏3号 CK 3.758 b 1.034 a 0.603 a
Guixia 3 A1 4.808 a 1.045 a 0.656 a
A2 3.428 b 1.135 a 0.574 a

表3

不同光照强度对大豆生物量积累的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 生物量
Biomass (g)		 茎叶比
Ratios of stem and leaf
南豆12 CK 7.354 a 0.608 b
Nandou 12 A1 5.591 b 0.633 b
A2 4.986 c 1.089 a
桂夏3号 CK 5.708 a 0.592 c
Guixia 3 A1 4.802 b 0.651 b
A2 4.490 b 0.813 a

图2

不同光照强度对大豆叶片蔗糖、淀粉含量积累的昼夜变化影响 图中小写字母表示同一处理同一品种不同时间点的显著性差异大小(P ≤ 0.05)。CK: 正常光照, 遮光度0; A1: 一层黑色遮阳网, 遮光度10%; A2: 两层黑色遮阳网, 遮光度36%。"

图3

不同光照强度对大豆叶片叶绿体超微结构的影响 上图为10000倍镜下叶绿体超微结构, A~D为正常光照下南豆12叶绿体超微结构在9:00、16:00、21:00、次日6:00的昼夜变化, E~H为正常光照下桂夏3号的叶绿体超微结构的昼夜变化, I~L为A2处理下南豆12的叶绿体超微结构的昼夜变化, M~P为A2处理下桂夏3号的叶绿体超微结构的昼夜变化。Q: 叶绿体, R: 淀粉粒。"

图4

不同光照强度下大豆叶片淀粉粒与叶绿体截面积比值 图A、图B分别为南豆12和桂夏3号在正常光照和A2处理下淀粉粒与叶绿体截面积比值的昼夜变化趋势。标以a、b、c的柱值表示CK处理下相同品种不同时间点的显著性差异, 标以(a)、(b)、(c)的柱值表示A2处理下相同品种不同时间点的显著性差异(P ≤ 0.05)。CK: 正常光照, 遮光度0; A2: 两层黑色遮阳网, 遮光度36%。"

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