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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 1059-1069.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84162

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

应用缩节安(DPC)调控棉花株型的定位定量效应研究

赵文超1,2,杜明伟1,黎芳1,田晓莉1,*(),李召虎1   

  1. 1 中国农业大学农学院 / 植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心, 北京100193
    2 德州市农业科学研究院, 山东德州 253000
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-29 接受日期:2019-01-19 出版日期:2019-07-12 网络出版日期:2019-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 田晓莉
  • 作者简介:赵文超, E-mail: wenchao_jiayou@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2016-X25)(948 Program 2016-X25);国家现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15-16)

Location- and quantity-based effects of mepiquat chloride application on cotton plant-type

ZHAO Wen-Chao1,2,DU Ming-Wei1,LI Fang1,TIAN Xiao-Li1,*(),LI Zhao-Hu1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University / Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
    2 Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-11-29 Accepted:2019-01-19 Published:2019-07-12 Published online:2019-03-11
  • Contact: Xiao-Li TIAN
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Program of Introducing International Super Agricultural Science and Technology(948 Program 2016-X25);the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15-16)

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摘要：

缩节安(1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride, DPC)是棉花生产中广泛应用的植物生长延缓剂, 其调控棉花茎枝生长的定位定量效应尚缺乏系统的量化研究。本研究2013—2014年在田间条件下分别于棉花现蕾期、盛蕾期后、盛花期前、盛花期后和打顶后单次应用不同剂量的DPC, 测量了DPC作用有效期内的棉花株高和主茎生长速率, 探究了所有主茎节间及所有果节对DPC的响应。结果表明, DPC处理对棉花主茎节间的影响范围为N节(应用DPC时的主茎节)以下1~4个和N节以上0~6个(打顶条件下), 对果枝的影响范围为N节以下1~11个和N节以上0~5个, 其中N节以下果枝受影响的果节多于N节以上果枝。将盛蕾期后和盛花期前2次应用DPC的效应叠加, 其影响范围几乎可以覆盖全部主茎节间(果枝始节以上)和全部果节。DPC应用剂量与其作用强度并不总存在较好的线性关系。DPC的定位定量效应除了与应用时间和剂量有关, 还受到温度、降水等环境条件和棉株生物量、源库关系的影响。

关键词: 棉花, 缩节安, 应用时间, 应用剂量, 主茎, 果枝

Abstract:

The plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (MC; 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) has been successfully and worldwide used in cotton production. It has been known that MC application time decides its effect location and MC application rate decides its effect strength. However, there were less detailed information on the location- and quantity-based effects of MC on cotton stem and branches. In the present field study, MC was respectively applied at early squaring stage, after peak squaring stage, before peak blooming stage, after peak blooming stage and post-topping stage with a range of rates. We monitored plant height at three days interval during MC valid period, and measured all internodes of stem and fruiting branches prior to harvest. Under the condition of topping in late July, the overall effectiveness scope of MC (across different application times) on main stem ranged from the fourth internode below the uppermost node (named as N) to the sixth internode above N node. In terms of the effectiveness scope of MC on fruiting branches, it covered the 11 fruiting branches below N node and five branches above N node. In addition, the influenced internodes in most fruiting branches below N node were more than those above N node. When we overlaid the effectiveness scopes of MC application after peak squaring and before peak blooming, the effect was covered almost all internodes of both main stem (above the node of the first fruiting branch) and fruiting branches. Moreover, we found that there was not always a good linear relationship between MC rate and its effective strength. Besides application time and rate, the location- and quantity-based effects of MC may depend on temperature, rainfall, plant biomass and source-sink relationship.

Key words: cotton, 1, 1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride, application time, application rate, main stem, fruiting branches

表1

河间市棉花生育期气象资料"

月份
Month		 平均温度 Average temperature (°C) 降水量 Rainfall (mm) 日照时数 Sunshine duration (h)
2013 2014 30-yeara 2013 2014 30-yeara 2013 2014 30-yeara
4 12.2 16.6 14.4 8.5 30.8 26.1 270.7 247.4 256.5
5 20.9 22.9 21.4 26.5 38.0 35.3 258.2 316.8 282.1
6 24.6 25.6 25.7 80.1 30.0 66.7 187.3 297.9 244.8
7 26.2 28.2 27.2 279.1 42.4 161.7 187.0 297.6 222.6
8 26.5 26.0 24.8 96.7 93.0 170.9 238.8 302.0 199.1
9 20.2 20.8 19.4 39.2 19.6 64.2 184.3 226.2 209.1
10 12.8 14.6 13.6 5.0 6.8 12.2 169.3 180.1 197.9
平均 Average 20.5 22.1 20.9 — — — — — —
总计Total — — — 535.1 260.6 537.0 1495.6 1868.0 1612.3

表2

各试验应用DPC的时间和剂量"

试验编号
Experiment number		 DPC应用时间 MC application time CK DPC剂量 MC rate (g hm-2)
生育时期
Growth stage		 日期 Date (month/day) 主茎节数 Stem nodes M1 M2 M3 M4
2013 2014 2013 2014
1 现蕾期 Squaring 6/2 6/3 7 7 0 3.8 7.5 11.3 15.0
2 盛蕾期后 After peak squaring 6/14 6/14 12 12 0 7.5 15.0 22.5 30.0
3 盛花期前 Before peak blooming 7/3 7/6 18 17 0 22.5 45.0 67.5 90.0
4 盛花期后 After peak blooming 7/13 7/16 20 18 0 30.0 60.0 90.0 120.0
5 打顶后 Post-topping 7/31 8/2 0 45.0 90.0 135.0 180.0

图1

2013年和2014年现蕾期(A)、盛蕾期后(B)、盛花期前(C)和盛花期后(D)应用DPC对主茎日增量的影响 CK为对照; M1~M4代表4个DPC剂量; 处理同表2。**表示处理间0.01水平上差异显著, *表示处理间0.05水平上差异显著。#代表月/日, 指DPC的应用时间。"

图2

2013年和2014年现蕾期(A)、盛蕾期后(B)、盛花期前(C)和盛花期后(D)应用DPC对株高变化动态的影响 CK为对照; M1~M4代表4个DPC剂量; 处理同表2。**表示处理间0.01水平上差异显著, *表示处理间0.05水平上差异显著。#代表月/日, 指DPC的应用时间; 箭头代表生长速度拐点。"

图3

2013年和2014年现蕾期(A)、盛蕾期后(B)、盛花期前(C)和盛花期后(D)应用DPC对主茎节间长度的影响 CK为对照, M1~M4代表4个DPC剂量, 处理同表2; **表示处理间0.01水平上差异显著, *表示处理间0.05水平上差异显著。"

表3

2013年和2014年盛蕾期后、盛花期前和盛花期后应用DPC对果枝长度(1)的影响"

年份Year 生育时期
Growing stage		 DPC剂量(2)
MC rate(2)		 果枝序号 Number of fruit branches
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2013 盛蕾期后
After peak squaring		 CK (cm) / 29.9 32.6 / / / / / / / / / / / /
M1 (%) / -4.1% -5.9% / / / / / / / / / / / /
M2 (%) / -9.6% -18.2% / / / / / / / / / / / /
M3 (%) / -13.8% -11.4% / / / / / / / / / / / /
M4 (%) / -9.4% -16.6% / / / / / / / / / / / /
盛花期前
Before peak blooming		 CK (cm) / / / 31.4 31.6 31.5 31.4 32.3 31.0 32.5 30.5 28.9 27.0 25.2 24.2
M1 (%) / / / -3.3% -5.3% -10.6% -13.7% -18.6% -12.9% -16.1% -15.3% -16.5% -15.9% -16.4% -20.0%
M2 (%) / / / -11.5% -10.9% -13.1% -20.1% -23.7% -18.1% -21.5% -21.3% -18.2% -19.8% -18.9% -23.7%
M3 (%) / / / -9.2% -11.1% -16.0% -19.4% -26.2% -21.0% -25.1% -21.0% -24.6% -25.3% -24.8% -29.7%
M4 (%) / / / -9.6% -11.8% -16.4% -20.0% -25.1% -25.8% -29.0% -27.8% -26.0% -26.5% -24.7% -28.3%
盛花期后
After peak blooming		 CK (cm) / / / / / / / / 31.4 30.9 28.7 27.8 25.9 24.4 24.1
M1 (%) / / / / / / / / -11.1% -14.5% -16.7% -20.3% -19.4% -14.3% -20.0%
M2 (%) / / / / / / / / -10.8% -16.2% -16.3% -21.5% -23.2% -23.6% -23.3%
M3 (%) / / / / / / / / -14.8% -24.0% -26.3% -31.1% -31.2% -30.1% -28.3%
M4 (%) / / / / / / / / -18.2% -26.0% -26.8% -33.2% -34.6% -34.0% -38.1%
2014 盛蕾期后
After peak squaring		 CK (cm) 25.0 26.6 26.1 25.8 24.5 23.4 23.2 / / / / / / / /
M1 (%) -6.4% -17.1% -16.1% -18.0% -15.7% -13.7% -18.8% / / / / / / / /
M2 (%) -13.1% -18.8% -18.1% -19.2% -17.8% -16.1% -18.0% / / / / / / / /
M3 (%) -25.4% -28.4% -28.2% -27.6% -28.2% -21.7% -25.8% / / / / / / / /
M4 (%) -24.5% -24.7% -30.1% -30.6% -29.2% -25.8% -25.9% / / / / / / / /
盛花期前
Before peak blooming		 CK (cm) / / / / 22.5 20.9 20.2 18.8 16.9 15.9 14.7 / / / /
M1 (%) / / / / -7.7% -13.6% -19.9% -26.0% -23.8% -19.0% -18.0% / / / /
M2 (%) / / / / -16.8% -24.7% -36.0% -40.7% -38.4% -29.2% -34.4% / / / /
M3 (%) / / / / -18.7% -24.6% -31.8% -38.1% -36.6% -36.9% -36.3% / / / /
M4 (%) / / / / -17.4% -25.9% -33.4% -39.2% -41.5% -43.2% -29.4% / / / /
盛花期后
After peak blooming		 CK (cm) / / / / / / 23.4 21.9 22.2 20.8 19.7 / / / /
M1 (%) / / / / / / -18.6% -18.8% -28.3% -32.2% -32.0% / / / /
M2 (%) / / / / / / -16.4% -16.1% -26.8% -30.3% -31.3% / / / /
M3 (%) / / / / / / -23.6% -26.0% -36.2% -36.2% -38.6% / / / /
M4 (%) / / / / / / -17.7% -24.7% -34.6% -40.2% -37.6% / / / /

图4

2013年现蕾期(A)、盛蕾期后(B)、盛花期前(C)、盛花期后(D)和打顶期(E)应用DPC的株型模式图 1-CK~5-CK分别为不同生育时期的对照, 1-MC~5-MC分别为不同生育时期4个DPC应用剂量的平均值, 处理同表2; 绿色部分代表DPC作用部位; N为应用DPC时的主茎节位; Bar=10 cm。"

图5

2014年现蕾期(A)、盛蕾期后(B)、盛花期前(C)、盛花期后(D)和打顶期(E)应用DPC的株型模式图 1-CK~5-CK分别为不同生育时期的对照, 1-MC~5-MC分别为不同生育时期4个DPC应用剂量的平均值, 处理同表2; 绿色部分代表DPC作用部位; N为应用DPC时的主茎节位; Bar = 10 cm。"

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