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作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (03): 537-548.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00537

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

三种栽植方式下不同株型和化感特性水稻对无芒稗的干扰控制作用

徐正浩1,2,*,谢国雄3,周宇杰4,高屾1   

  1. 1 浙江大学环境与资源学院 / 浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室,浙江杭州310058;2 浙江省湖州市农业科学研究院,浙江湖州313000;3 杭州市植保土肥总站,浙江杭州310016;4 浙江省诸暨市农业技术推广中心,浙江诸暨311800
  • 收稿日期:2012-05-29 修回日期:2012-11-16 出版日期:2013-03-12 网络出版日期:2013-01-04
  • 通讯作者: 徐正浩, E-mail: 640909@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由农业部农业公益性行业科研专项,中国博士后科学基金项目(2003034522),浙江省科技计划项目(2008C23010),浙江省教育厅科研计划项目(Y201224845),杭州市科技计划项目(20101032B03, 20101032B21)和诸暨市科技计划项目(2011BB7461)资助。

Interference of Rice with Different Morphological Types and Allelopathy on Barnyardgrass under Three Planting Patterns

XU Zheng-Hao1,2,*,XIE Guo-Xiong3,ZHOU Yu-Jie4,GAO Shen1   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China; 3General Station of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility in Hangzhou District, Hangzhou 312000, China; 4Zhuji Agricultural Technology Extension Centre in Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
  • Received:2012-05-29 Revised:2012-11-16 Published:2013-03-12 Published online:2013-01-04
  • Contact: 徐正浩, E-mail: 640909@zju.edu.cn

摘要:

以直播、小苗移栽和大苗移栽3种栽植方式为主处理,接种和不接种稗草为裂区处理,17份不同株型和化感特性水稻材料为再裂区处理,设计了对无芒稗干扰控制田间试验。结果表明,直播和小苗移栽对无芒稗株高、分蘖和干重有较好的抑制作用,优势株型和化感特性水稻对无芒稗具有较好的干扰控制作用。30 m-2无芒稗的竞争干扰下,3种栽植方式间水稻产量差异不显著,杂草竞争干扰使水稻减产21.73%,化感作用水稻吓一跳、IR644-1-63-1-1、谷梅2号对稗草竞争力强,仍具一定产量水平。无芒稗竞争干扰对直播水稻株高、分蘖和植株干重影响大,与移栽水稻的差异显著。杂草干扰对供试水稻材料的农艺性状产生不同影响,水稻化感种质吓一跳中期分蘖强、植株高、干重大。无芒稗竞争干扰对成熟水稻株高无影响,但对分蘖、植株茎秆和穗干重差异显著。杂草竞争对3种种植方式的水稻千粒重无显著影响,但单株谷粒重以大苗移栽显著大于直播,移栽水稻的穗型较大,每穗总颖花数、每穗实粒数和结实率显著大于直播水稻。化感作用水稻谷梅2号、IR644-1-63-1-1TN1PI312777每穗颖花数不高、每穗实粒数少,化感作用水稻吓一跳每穗颖花数不高,但结实率高。水稻材料中早27、早籼浙207、早籼浙101、中早22等拥有较高的千粒重,化感作用水稻谷梅2号的千粒重显著高于IR644-1-63-1-1TN1PI312777。早籼浙101、早籼浙207和中早22等拥有较高的单株谷粒重,化感作用水稻中156的单株谷粒重显著高于谷梅2号、吓一跳、IR644-1-63-1-1TN1PI312777

关键词: 水稻栽植方式, 无芒稗, 化感, 干扰控制, 产量

Abstract:

The interference effects of 17 rice materials with different morphological and allelopathic characteristics on Echinochloa crus-galli were studied using split-split plot experiment design. Three common rice planting patterns including water direct seeding, small rice seedling transplanting and big rice seedling transplanting were designed as main treatment, and two weeding inoculations,  barnyardgrass mixture transplanting and without barnyardgrass as split treatment, and 17 rice materials as split-split treatment. The results showed that direct seeding and small seedling transplanting treatments had better inhibitory effects on plant height, tiller ability and dry weight of barnyardgrass compared with big seedling transplanting treatment. The rice with advantageous morphological and allelopathic characteristics could suppress barnyardgrass effectively. With 30 plants per square meter of barnyardgrass interference competition, the rice yield under three different planting patterns was not significantly different, with 21.73% of reduction due to weed interference. On the other hand, the allelopathic rice materials Xiayitiao, IR644-1-63-1-1 and Gumei 2 controlled barnyardgrass effectively, remaining relatively better rice yield in spite of weed infestation. Barnyardgrass competition restrained rice growth, especially in direct seeding treatment. Under such circumstances, the rice plant height, tillering ability and dry weight in most growth phases of direct seeding treatment were worse than those of transplanting treatments. The effects of weed competition on rice agronomic traits were quite different. Allelopathic rice material Xiayitiao had better tillering ability in tiller stage, and higher plant height and dry weight at most growth stages. Weed infestation could not affect the rice ultimat plant height, but influence rice tillering ability, stem and panicle dry weight remarkably. Weed competition did not change grain weight significantly under three rice planting patterns. The grain weight per rice plant in transplanting treatments was significantly greater than that in direct seeding. The panicle length, total panicle number, setting number and seed setting percentage were also notably larger than those in direct seeding. Both panicle number and setting number of allelopathic rice materials Gumei 2, IR644-1-63-1-1, TN1, and PI312777 were smaller. Although panicle number of allelopathic rice Xiayitiao was smaller, the seed setting percentage was quite higher. Rice materials Zhongzao 27, Zhe 207, Zhe 101, and Zhongzao 22 had higher 1000-grain weight. The 1000-grain weight of allelopathic rice Gumei 2 was significantly larger than those of IR644-1-63-1-1, TN1, and PI312777. The grain weight of Zhe 101, Zhe 207 and Zhongzao 22 was higher; meanwhile, the grain weight of allelopathic rice 156 was significantly larger than that of Gumei 2, Xiayitiao, IR644-1-63-1-1, TN1, and PI312777.

Key words: Rice planting patterns, Echinochloa crus-galli, Allelopathy, Interference, Yield

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