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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1864-1872.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01864

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

种植密度对不同株高夏玉米品种茎秆性状与抗倒伏能力的影响

任佰朝1,李利利1,董树亭1,刘鹏1,赵斌1,杨今胜2,王丁波3,张吉旺1,*   

  1. 1作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 山东农业大学农学院，山东泰安 271018；2山东省玉米育种与栽培技术企业重点实验室，山东莱州 261448；3莘县农业局，山东莘县 252400
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-28 修回日期:2016-09-18 出版日期:2016-12-12 网络出版日期:2016-09-21
  • 通讯作者: 张吉旺，E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn; Tel: 0538-8241485
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271662), 山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目, 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02-20)和国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150404)资助。

Effects of Plant Density on Stem Traits and Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize Hybrids with Different Plant Heights

REN Bai-Zhao1,LI Li-Li1,DONG Shu-Ting1,LIU Peng1,ZHAO Bin1,YANG Jin-Sheng2,WANG Ding-Bo3,ZHANG Ji-Wang1,*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; 2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Breeding and Cultivation Technology, Laizhou 261448, China; 3 Shenxian Agriculture Bureau, Shenxian 252400, China
  • Received:2016-03-28 Revised:2016-09-18 Published:2016-12-12 Published online:2016-09-21
  • Contact: 张吉旺，E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn; Tel: 0538-8241485
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271662), the Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation of Shandong Province, the National Modern Agricultural Technology & Industry System (CARS-02-20), and the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404).

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摘要：

倒伏是影响夏玉米在密植条件下获得高产的重要限制因素之一，本研究旨在探讨种植密度对不同株高夏玉米品种茎秆性状与抗倒伏能力的影响。以矮秆品种登海661 (DH661)和高秆品种鲁单981 (LD981)为试验材料，通过设置4.50×104株 hm-2、6.75×104株 hm-2和9.00×104株 hm-2 3个种植密度，研究茎秆节间长度、茎秆穿刺强度、茎秆显微结构以及倒伏率等方面的变化。结果表明，随种植密度增加，夏玉米的基部第3茎节间和穗位节间变细，茎秆穿刺强度显著下降，较密度4.50万株 hm-2，DH661和LD981 6.75万株 hm-2、9.00万株 hm-2地上第3节间茎秆穿刺强度分别降低了8.5%、22.6%和13.3%、29.6%；茎秆皮层和维管束内部厚壁细胞厚度及维管束数目均随种植密度的增加显著下降，倒伏风险增加，但矮秆品种的下降幅度小于高秆品种，而产量的增加幅度大于高秆品种，说明矮秆品种在高密度下能够保持较好的抗倒伏性能，有助于其在高密度种植条件下获得高产、稳产。

关键词: 夏玉米, 株高, 种植密度, 茎秆显微结构

Abstract:

 

Lodging is an important factor limiting grain yield of summer maize at high plant density. Two summer maize hybrids with different plant heights, namely the short-plant height hybrid Denghai661 (DH661) and the high-plant height hybrid Ludan981 (LD981), were used to study the relationship between stem traits and lodging resistance of summer maize hybrids at 45 000 plants ha-1, 67 500 plants ha-1 and 90 000 plants ha-1. With the increase of plant density, stem diameter and rind penetrometer resistance of summer maize were significantly decreased. Rind penetrometer of 3rd basal node of DH661 at 67 500 plants ha-1 and 90 000 plants ha-1 decreased by 8.5% and 22.6%, while those of LD981 decreased by 13.3% and 29.6%, respectively, compared with that at 45 000 plants ha-1. In addition, with the increase of planting density, the cortex thickness, vascular bundle sheath thickness, and vascular bundle number were significantly decreased, resulting in the increase of lodging rate. However, the extent of variation in these parameters was less for short-plant height hybrid than for high-plant height hybrid, and the yield of short-plant height hybrid was greater than that of high-plant height hybrid, indicating that short-plant height hybrid has better resistance to lodging with high yield at high plant density.

Key words: Summer maize, Plant height, Plant density, Stalk microstructure

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