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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 793-807.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34145

• 综述 •    下一篇

钙在作物生长发育中的功能及应用

王宇(), 郜耿东, 葛萌萌, 常影, 谭静, 葛贤宏, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生(), 傅廷栋   

  1. 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-31 接受日期:2023-10-29 出版日期:2024-04-12 网络出版日期:2023-11-17
  • 通讯作者: * 周广生, E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wangyu4630@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“绿肥及增效产品创制与产业化”(2021YFD1700201)

Function and application of calcium in plant growth and development

WANG Yu(), GAO Geng-Dong, GE Meng-Meng, CHANG Ying, TAN Jing, GE Xian-Hong, WANG Jing, WANG Bo, ZHOU Guang-Sheng(), FU Ting-Dong   

  1. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-07-31 Accepted:2023-10-29 Published:2024-04-12 Published online:2023-11-17
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhougs@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program “Creation and Industrialization of Green Fertilizer and Efficiency Enhancing Products”(2021YFD1700201)

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摘要：

钙是作物必需的中量元素之一, 广泛存在于根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子中, 对作物的生长发育具有重要意义。钙属于再利用难的元素, 其吸收、转运受制于蒸腾作用, 因此农作物常发生生理性缺钙, 从而导致抗逆性减弱, 产量和品质降低。作物体内的钙具有双重功能, 既参与细胞壁与细胞膜的构成, 还可作为细胞内第二信使参与多种环境刺激和内部生长发育信号的响应。细胞中钙的吸收和转运对于维持细胞内钙离子稳态和钙信号精准传导至关重要。近年来, 钙在作物生长与发育中的功能和在作物生产中的应用得到了广泛研究。本文阐述了作物体内钙元素的分布、吸收转运和需求状况, 介绍了作物缺钙症状和原因, 并综述了钙的营养结构功能和第二信使功能及钙信号产生、传导和解码机制, 总结了钙在作物生长发育中的作用, 包括对产量、品质和抗逆性等方面的影响, 同时对其未来研究方向提出了展望。

关键词: 作物, 缺钙, 钙吸收, 钙转运蛋白, 第二信使, 抗逆性

Abstract:

Calcium is one of the essential elements in crops. It is widely present in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, and is of great significance for the growth and development of crops. Calcium is a difficult element to redistribute, and its absorption and transport are subject to transpiration. Therefore, crops often experience physiological calcium deficiency, which weakens their stress resistance and reduces both yield and quality. Calcium in crops has dual functions. It not only participates in the formation of cell walls and membranes but also plays a role in responding to various environmental stimuli and internal growth and development signals as an intracellular second messenger. The absorption and transportation of calcium in cells are essential for maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis and ensuring calcium signal transduction. In recent years, the function and application of calcium in crops have been extensively studied. In this study, we describe the distribution, absorption, transportation, and demand of calcium in crops, introduce the symptoms and causes of calcium deficiency in crops, review the nutritional structure functions of calcium, the second messenger function and the mechanism of calcium signal generation, transmission, and decoding, and summarize the role of calcium in crop growth and development, including its effects on yield, quality, and stress resistance. Meanwhile, the future research direction is proposed.

Key words: crop, calcium deficiency, calcium absorption, calcium transporter proteins, the second messenger, stress resistance

图1

钙在作物细胞中的角色、分布和运动及钙信号传导 Ca2+通过与羧基残基结合, 能够联结磷脂和膜蛋白保持细胞膜稳定, 并能交联多聚半乳糖醛酸形成“蛋盒”结构增加细胞壁强度。Ca2+在细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核、叶绿体、线粒体、内质网上均有分布, 细胞质中的Ca2+浓度受到严格控制, 静息状态下维持在100 nmol L-1左右, 细胞核和线粒体中的Ca2+浓度比较接近胞质Ca2+浓度, 而细胞壁、液泡和叶绿体的Ca2+浓度达到了mmol L-1级别, 远高于胞质Ca2+浓度, 是重要的Ca2+储存场所。RLKs等类受体激酶感知膜外刺激, 磷酸化激活钙离子内流系统, 包括环核苷酸门控通道(CNGCs)、谷氨酸受体样通道(GLRs)、机械敏感通道(MSLs)、机械敏感的“Mid1互补活性”通道(MCAs)、机械敏感压电通道(PIEZO)和高渗压诱导[Ca2+]cyt通道(OSCAs), Ca2+从细胞间隙流入细胞质中, 产生钙峰, 随即被Ca2+-ATPase (ACAs/ECAs)和Ca2+/阳离子反向转运蛋白(CAXs)逆浓度梯度转移至胞外, 如此形成短暂或持续的钙振荡, 此时具有EF-hands的钙调素/类钙调素(CaMs/CMLs)、钙调磷酸酶B类蛋白(CBLs)等感受器能结合钙离子, 并识别和解码产生的钙峰或钙振荡, 从而激活对应靶蛋白(CIPKs、CCaMKs、CAMTA等)的催化或转录激活活性, 进而激活下游反应以响应刺激。钙依赖蛋白激酶(CDPKs)自身同时拥有EF-hands和催化结构域, 能不依赖其他钙感受器直接结合Ca2+并激活自身激酶活性。图片根据参考文献[4,14,23,52,62,65,70]进行改制。"

图2

施钙对作物生长发育中的作用"

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