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大麦干旱胁迫萌发生理及分子机理的差异性与相关性研究

何鹏旭1,2,**，姚立蓉1,2,**,*，闫妍1,2，张宏1,2，汪军成1,2，李葆春1,3，杨轲1,2，司二静1,2，孟亚雄1,2，马小乐1,2，王化俊1,2   

  1. 1 省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室 / 甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室, 甘肃兰州730070; 2 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州730070; 3 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 甘肃兰州730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12 修回日期:2025-06-01 接受日期:2025-06-01 网络出版日期:2025-06-19
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由东西部科技协作专项(25CXNA030), 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-05-02A-02), 国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GSCS-2021-02), 甘肃省现代农业产业技术体系(麦类作物)，甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动项目(GAU-KYQD-2022-10)，甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-12), 甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才计划(GAUfx-04Y011, Gaufx-03Y06)和甘肃省陇原青年英才项目(2023)资助。

Differences and correlations in physiological and molecular mechanisms of barley germination under drought stress

HE Peng-Xu1,2,YAN Yan1,2,ZHANG Hong1,2,WANG Jun-Cheng1,2,LI Bao-Chun1,3,YANG Ke1,2,SI Er-Jing1,2,MENG Ya-Xiong1,2,MA Xiao-Le1,2,WANG Hua-Jun1,2,YAO Li-Rong1,2,*   

  1. 1 State key laboratory of Aridland Crop Science / The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou730070, Gansu, China; 2 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou730070, Gansu, China; 3 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-11-12 Revised:2025-06-01 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published online:2025-06-19
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the East West Science and Technology Cooperation Special Project (25CXNA030)，the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-05-02A-02), the State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Open Fund (GSCS-2021-02), the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Gansu Province (Triticeae Crops), the Scientific Research Start-up Funds for Openly-recuited Doctors of Gansu Agricultural University (GAU-KYQD-2022-10), the Industrial Support Project of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province (2021CYZC-12), the Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University (GAUfx-04Y011, Gaufx-03Y06), and the Gansu Province Longyuan Youth Talent Project (2023).

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摘要：

干旱是大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)生长发育中面临的重要逆境，可对种子萌发期、开花期等各个生长阶段造成不可逆影响。为了探究干旱胁迫下不同大麦种质资源的萌发特性，本试验采用蛭石控水法对54份大麦种质资源萌发特性进行研究。将54份种质资源干旱萌发特性分为好、较好、中等、较差和差5类，干旱萌发特性中等的种质资源占比最高(37.04%)。E02703897和ZDM5430等7份干旱萌发特性好的种质资源，种子萌发速度快，出苗整齐且幼苗健壮；08京134和资源136-21490058等6份萌发特性差的种质资源，种子发芽率较低，萌发时间分散，幼苗整齐度差。进一步筛选出干旱萌发特性差异显著的6份种质资源E02703897、ZDM5430、7DCADA、Z1920057W、菲特36和资源69-G231M004M进行干旱胁迫下种子萌发过程中生理生化指标、DNA损伤修复分析。结果表明，干旱萌发特性好的大麦种质资源在干旱萌发中期HVFPG基因表达量与干旱萌发前期HVOGG1基因表达量低于干旱萌发特性差的种质资源。萌发特性好的种质资源干旱萌发前期和中期POD活性受干旱影响较小；萌发前期SOD、半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性受干旱影响较小；干旱萌发6 h可溶性糖含量与对照相比无显著差异。萌发特性差的种质资源干旱萌发中期POD活性极显著低于对照，菲特36干旱萌发过程中可溶性糖含量均极显著低于对照。综上结果表明，干旱萌发特性好的种质资源在干旱萌发过程中DNA损伤程度小、抗氧化能力和物质转化能力强，种子萌芽速度快，幼苗生长质量好。

关键词: 大麦, 干旱胁迫, 种子萌发, DNA修复能力, 物质转化, 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), with potentially irreversible impacts across all growth stages, including seed germination and flowering. To investigate the germination responses of diverse barley germplasm under drought stress, this study employed a vermiculite-based water control method to evaluate the germination characteristics of 54 barley germplasm accessions. Based on drought tolerance during germination, the accessions were classified into five categories: excellent, good, moderate, poor, and very poor, with the highest proportion (37.04%) falling into the moderate group. Seven accessions with strong drought tolerance during germination, such as E0270389 and ZDM5430, exhibited rapid germination, uniform emergence, and vigorous seedling growth. In contrast, six accessions with poor drought tolerance, including 08J134 and ZY136-21490058, showed low germination rates, asynchronous emergence, and poor seedling uniformity. Six representative accessions (E0270389, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, Z1920057W, FT36, and ZY69-G231M004M) with significantly different drought germination characteristics were further analyzed for physiological and biochemical parameters, as well as DNA damage repair mechanisms during germination under drought conditions. The results revealed that accessions with good drought tolerance had lower expression of HvFPG during mid-germination and lower HvOGG1 expression during early germination compared to drought-sensitive accessions. In addition, these drought-tolerant accessions maintained higher peroxidase (POD) activity during early and middle germination stages, and showed less reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cysteine protease activities before germination. Soluble sugar content at 6 hours after drought induction did not differ significantly from the control. In contrast, drought-sensitive accessions exhibited significantly reduced POD activity during mid-germination and a marked decrease in soluble sugar content, as observed in FT36. In summary, barley germplasm with good drought tolerance during germination demonstrated enhanced DNA repair capacity, antioxidant activity, and metabolic adaptability under drought stress, leading to faster germination and healthier seedling development.

Key words: barley, drought stress, seed germination, DNA repair capacity, material transformation, antioxidant capacity

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