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苦荞半矮秆突变体sd3的表型鉴定及转录组分析

刘迪1,黎瑞源2,石茂竹1,李洪有1,陈庆富1,石桃雄1,*   

  1. 1 贵州师范大学生命科学学院 / 贵州省荞麦工程技术研究中心, 贵州贵阳 550025; 2贵州师范大学贵州省信息与计算科学重点实验室, 贵州贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-05 修回日期:2025-09-11 接受日期:2025-09-11 网络出版日期:2025-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 石桃雄, E-mail: shitaoxiong@gznu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(32260489), 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-A5)和贵州省特色杂粮生物育种重点实验室项目(黔科合平台ZSYS[2025]026)资助。

Phenotypic characterization and transcriptomic analysis of the semi-dwarf mutant sd3 in Tartary buckwheat

LIU Di1,LI Rui-Yuan2,SHI Mao-Zhu1,LI Hong-You1,CHEN Qing-Fu1,SHI Tao-Xiong1,*   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University / Guizhou Buckwheat Engineering Technology Research Center, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2025-05-05 Revised:2025-09-11 Accepted:2025-09-11 Published online:2025-09-19
  • Contact: 石桃雄, E-mail: shitaoxiong@gznu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32260489), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-07-A5), and the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Specialty Coarse Cereals Bio-breeding (Qiankehe Platform ZSYS [2025] 026).

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摘要：

株高是苦荞重要的农艺性状之一，与抗倒伏能力、光合作用效率以及产量形成等密切相关。矮化通常有利于提高苦荞的抗倒伏性能，进而提升产量。为了探明突变体sd3的矮化机理，为苦荞株高分子调控机制研究及其育种应用提供科学依据，本研究对前期经EMS诱变获得的苦荞半矮秆突变体sd3进行了表型鉴定和转录组分析。结果表明，与野生型相比，sd3成熟期的株高降低28.43%，主茎节数降低44.44%，主茎节数减少是导致sd3矮化的主要原因。茎秆细胞学形态观察显示，sd3细胞横向分裂能力更强，导致其茎秆壁显著增厚，茎节变粗。sd3对赤霉素敏感，外源GA3可恢复其表型。对苗期茎秆进行转录组学分析，成功鉴定到3067个差异表达基因(DEGs)。GO功能和KEGG通路富集筛选出57个株高调控基因。其中，赤霉素信号转导途径中的GID1在sd3中上调表达，GID2、UNE10和PIF1在sd3中均下调表达，推测这些DEGs在sd3矮化形成过程中起着重要作用。本研究结果初步阐明了sd3致矮机理，为苦荞抗倒伏品种选育及株高性状的遗传改良提供了重要的候选基因，有助于推动苦荞遗传育种工作的高效开展。

关键词: 苦荞, 半矮秆突变体, 表型鉴定, 转录组, 差异表达基因

Abstract:

Plant height is a key agronomic trait in Tartary buckwheat, closely associated with lodging resistance, photosynthetic efficiency, and yield formation. Dwarfism is generally advantageous for enhancing lodging resistance and thereby improving yield. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of stem dwarfing in Tartary buckwheat, and to provide a theoretical basis for understanding plant height development and its application in breeding, we conducted phenotypic characterization and transcriptomic analysis of the sd3 semi-dwarf mutant, previously generated through EMS mutagenesis. The results showed that compared with the wild type, the plant height of the sd3 at the mature stage reduced 28.43%, and the number of nodes on the main stem decreased by 44.44%. Cytological observations revealed enhanced lateral cell division at the stem nodes in sd3, leading to significantly thickened stem walls and an increased basal internode diameter. sd3 is sensitive to gibberellin, and exogenous GA3 can restore its phenotype. Transcriptome analysis between WT and sd3 identified 3067 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed 57 genes potentially involved in regulating plant height. Notably, GID1 in the gibberellin signaling pathway was upregulated in sd3, while GID2, UNE1, and PIF1 were downregulated, suggesting these genes may play key role in the dwarf phenotype of Tartary buckwheat. Overall, our findings provide preliminary insights into the dwarfing mechanisms in Tatary buckwheat and offer valuable candidate genes for breeding lodging-resistant varieties and improving plant architecture through genetic approaches.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, semi-dwarf mutant, phenotype identification, transcriptome, differential expression gene

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