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基于抗旱玉米自交系SL001的抗旱优异基因资源挖掘

魏琦1,2，何冠华2,*，张登峰2，李永祥2，刘旭洋2，唐怀君3，刘成3，王天宇2，黎裕2，路运才1,*，李春辉2   

  1. 1 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150080; 2 作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室 / 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081; 3 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17 修回日期:2025-08-13 接受日期:2025-08-13 网络出版日期:2025-08-19
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(32201751), 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-03)和黑龙江省高等学校基本科研业务费项目(2024-KYYWF-0119)资助。

Identifying of excellent drought-tolerant gene resources based on drought-tolerant maize inbred line SL001

WEI Qi1,2,HE Guan-Hua2,*,ZHANG Deng-Feng2,LI Yong-Xiang2,LIU Xu-Yang2,TANG Huai-Jun3,LIU Cheng3,WANG Tian-Yu2, LI Yu2,LU Yun-Cai1,*,LI Chun-Hui2   

  1. 1 College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3 Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2025-04-17 Revised:2025-08-13 Accepted:2025-08-13 Published online:2025-08-19
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201751), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-02-03) and the Basic Research Funds for Higher Education Institutions in Heilongjiang Province (2024-KYYWF-0119).

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摘要： 干旱是玉米生长发育过程中影响最严重的非生物胁迫因素之一，挖掘玉米抗旱相关基因并将其应用于培育抗旱新品种是解决该问题的有效途径。为了挖掘玉米抗旱关键基因，本研究利用干旱敏感自交系B73及抗旱自交系SL001开展抗旱表型鉴定，发现干旱胁迫后SL001较B73的萎蔫程度更小，复水后的存活率显著高于B73，且干旱胁迫后SL001相对含水量和净光合速率等表型性状均显著高于B73。通过对B73和SL001不同干旱胁迫条件下的转录组数据分析，共鉴定出11,240个差异表达基因，其中4354个基因在中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫处理时差异表达，且不在正常水分处理时差异表达。这些基因主要富集于植物激素信号转导途径和植物-病原体互作途径。在这些基因中预测了2个玉米抗旱候选基因Zm00001eb439810、Zm00001eb365420，并进行了qRT-PCR验证，结果表明作为抗旱候选基因Zm00001eb439810可能正向调控玉米对干旱胁迫的响应，而Zm00001eb365420可能负向调控玉米对干旱胁迫的响应。本研究为玉米抗旱提供了重要材料和基因资源。

关键词: 玉米, 干旱胁迫, 转录组分析, 脱落酸, 表达量

Abstract:

Drought is one of the most severe abiotic stresses limiting the growth and development of maize. Identifying drought-resistant genes and applying them to the development of new drought-tolerant varieties is an effective strategy to address this challenge. In this study, the drought-sensitive inbred line B73 and the drought-tolerant inbred line SL001 were used to evaluate drought tolerance phenotypes. SL001 exhibited a lower degree of wilting and a significantly higher survival rate after rehydration compared to B73. In addition, under drought conditions, SL001 showed significantly higher relative water content and net photosynthetic rate than B73. Transcriptome analysis of B73 and SL001 under varying drought stress conditions identified a total of 11240 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 4354 were specifically expressed under moderate and severe drought stress, but not under well-watered conditions. These DEGs were mainly enriched in plant hormone signaling and plant–pathogen interaction pathways. Among them, two candidate drought-resistance genes, Zm00001eb439810 and Zm00001eb365420, were predicted and further validated by qRT-PCR. The results suggested that Zm00001eb439810 may positively regulate the maize drought stress response, whereas Zm00001eb365420 may act as a negative regulator. This study provides valuable genetic resources and potential targets for improving drought tolerance in maize.

Key words: maize, drought stress, transcriptome analysis, ABA, expression level

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