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甘蓝型油菜苗期耐碱性种质综合鉴定与评价

胡志康1，舒雨1，王会1，杨莹莹1，廖俊宇2，刘佳1，成洪涛1，郭晨3，张园园1，刘胜毅1，胡琼1，梅德圣1,*，李超1,*   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所, 湖北武汉 430062; 2长江大学生命科学院, 湖北荆州 434000; 3内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 修回日期:2025-07-09 接受日期:2025-07-09 网络出版日期:2025-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 李超, E-mail:lichao01@caas.cn; 梅德圣, E-mail: meidesheng@caas.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家科技创新2030项目(2022ZD04010), 国家自然科学基金项目(32372065), 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021- OCRI)和财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)资助。

Comprehensive evaluation of alkaline tolerance in Brassica napus at the seedling stage

HU Zhi-Kang1,SHU Yu1,WANG Hui1,YANG Ying-Ying1,LIAO Jun-Yu2,LIU Jia1,CHENG Hong-Tao1,GUO Chen3,ZHANG Yuan-Yuan1,LIU Sheng-Yi1,HU Qiong1,MEI De-Sheng1,*,LI Chao1,*   

  1. 1 Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China; 2 The School of Life science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China; 3 Institute of Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published online:2025-07-22
  • Contact: 李超, E-mail:lichao01@caas.cn; 梅德圣, E-mail: meidesheng@caas.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 of China (2022ZD04010), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372065), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2021- OCRI), and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-12).

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摘要：

土壤盐碱化是限制油菜扩面增产的重要因素之一。发掘耐碱性油菜新种质对培育耐碱油菜新品种、实施油料产能提升工程以及盐碱地综合开发利用具有重要意义。精准高效的耐碱鉴定方法，是挖掘耐碱种质资源、开展油菜耐盐碱遗传改良的基础。本研究采用75 mmol L?1 NaHCO3和Na2CO3 (物质的量比为2∶1)的混合碱溶液，通过调整营养土与蛭石的配比，配制了4个不同pH梯度(pH 8.75、pH 8.95、pH 9.18、pH 9.42)的碱性土壤，以油菜主推品种中双11号为测试材料，测定了适宜油菜耐碱性鉴定的土壤pH值为8.95。利用该鉴定方法，对224份油菜自然种质资源进行碱胁迫处理，分别收集了正常和碱处理条件下种植的油菜幼苗地上部鲜重、地上部干重、叶片数量和存活率4项表型指标，采用变异系数分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对油菜苗期耐碱性进行综合鉴定和评价。结果表明，pH8.95处理后，表型指标的变异系数较正常种植条件明显增大，地上部干鲜重的变异系数增大超25%；地上部干鲜重、叶片数量和存活率的耐碱指数与耐碱综合评价值D之间存在极显著正相关；主成分PC1、PC2及综合评价值D均服从正态分布；结合隶属函数分析和聚类分析，将224份油菜种质资源的耐盐碱性划分为碱极敏感型、碱敏感型、中间型、碱耐受型和碱高耐受型5个等级，分别占供试材料总数的7.14%、50.00%、33.93%、8.58%和0.45%，筛选出碱耐受型种质19份，碱高耐受型种质1份。通过对224份材料的4个表型数据的耐碱指数进行回归分析，建立了油菜苗期耐碱性的回归方程Y=0.009+0.986X1+0.208X2+0.151X3，地上部干鲜重和叶片数量可以作为油菜苗期耐碱性鉴定的重要指标。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 苗期, 土培耐碱性, 评价鉴定, 种质筛选

Abstract:

Soil salinization is a major factor limiting rapeseed production. Identifying alkali-tolerant rapeseed germplasm is of great importance for breeding programs, enhancing oil production capacity, and promoting the sustainable use of saline-alkali land. Accurate and efficient screening and identification methods are fundamental to the discovery of alkali-tolerant germplasm resources and the genetic improvement of alkali tolerance in rapeseed. In this study, a mixed alkali solution (75 mmol L?1, NaHCO3∶Na2CO3 at a molar ratio of 2:1) was used to simulate alkaline stress. Four soil pH gradients (pH 8.75, 8.95, 9.18, and 9.42) were established by adjusting the ratio of nutrient soil to vermiculite. The widely cultivated variety ‘Zhongshuang 11’ was used as the test material to evaluate the effects of different pH levels on rapeseed growth and development. A soil pH of 8.95 was identified as optimal for evaluating alkali tolerance. A total of 224 natural rapeseed germplasms were subjected to alkali stress, and four phenotypic traits were measured under both control and alkaline conditions: aboveground fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, leaf number, and survival rate. Alkali tolerance at the seedling stage was comprehensively assessed using coefficient of variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis. Results showed that under pH 8.95 treatment, the coefficient of variation (CV) for all phenotypic traits increased significantly compared to control conditions, with the CV of both aboveground fresh and dry weights increasing by more than 25%. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the alkali tolerance indices (aboveground fresh/dry weight, leaf number, survival rate) and the comprehensive alkali tolerance score (D value). The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2), along with the comprehensive score D, followed a normal distribution. Based on membership function and cluster analyses, the 224 germplasms were classified into five alkali tolerance groups: highly alkali-sensitive (7.14%), alkali-sensitive (50.00%), intermediate (33.93%), alkali-tolerant (8.58%), and highly alkali-tolerant (0.45%). In total, 19 alkali-tolerant and 1 highly alkali-tolerant germplasms were identified. A regression equation was established based on the tolerance indices of the four phenotypic traits across all samples: Y = 0.009 + 0.986X? + 0.208X? + 0.151X?. Aboveground fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf number were identified as key indicators for evaluating alkali tolerance in rapeseed seedlings.

Key words: Brassica napus (rapeseed), seedling stage, alkali tolerance of soil culture, evaluation and identification, germplasm screening

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