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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2681-2692.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.55019

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘蓝型油菜苗期耐碱性种质综合鉴定与评价

胡志康1(), 舒雨1, 王会1, 杨莹莹1, 廖俊宇2, 刘佳1, 成洪涛1, 郭晨3, 张园园1, 刘胜毅1, 胡琼1, 梅德圣1,*(), 李超1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院油料作物研究所, 湖北武汉 430062
    2长江大学生命科学院, 湖北荆州 434000
    3内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-10-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-22
  • 通讯作者: *李超, E-mail: lichao01@caas.cn;梅德圣, E-mail: meidesheng@caas.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 3014849124@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技创新2030项目(2022ZD04010);国家自然科学基金项目(32372065);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)

Comprehensive evaluation of alkaline tolerance in Brassica napus at the seedling stage

HU Zhi-Kang1(), SHU Yu1, WANG Hui1, YANG Ying-Ying1, LIAO Jun-Yu2, LIU Jia1, CHENG Hong-Tao1, GUO Chen3, ZHANG Yuan-Yuan1, LIU Sheng-Yi1, HU Qiong1, MEI De-Sheng1,*(), LI Chao1,*()   

  1. 1Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
    2The School of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
    3Institute of Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-10-12 Published online:2025-07-22
  • Contact: *E-mail: lichao01@caas.cn;E-mail: meidesheng@caas.com
  • Supported by:
    National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 of China(2022ZD04010);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372065);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12)

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摘要：

土壤盐碱化是限制油菜扩面增产的重要因素之一。发掘耐碱性油菜新种质对培育耐碱油菜新品种、实施油料产能提升工程以及盐碱地综合开发利用具有重要意义。精准高效的耐碱鉴定方法, 是挖掘耐碱种质资源、开展油菜耐盐碱遗传改良的基础。本研究采用75 mmol L-1 NaHCO3和Na2CO3 (物质的量比为2∶1)的混合碱溶液, 通过调整营养土与蛭石的配比, 配制了4个不同pH梯度(pH 8.75、pH 8.95、pH 9.18、pH 9.42)的碱性土壤, 以油菜主推品种中双11号为测试材料, 测定了适宜油菜耐碱性鉴定的土壤pH值为8.95。利用该鉴定方法, 对224份油菜自然种质资源进行碱胁迫处理, 分别收集了正常和碱处理条件下种植的油菜幼苗地上部鲜重、地上部干重、叶片数量和存活率4项表型指标, 采用变异系数分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对油菜苗期耐碱性进行综合鉴定和评价。结果表明, pH 8.95处理后, 表型指标的变异系数较正常种植条件明显增大, 地上部干鲜重的变异系数增大超25%; 地上部干鲜重、叶片数量和存活率的耐碱指数与耐碱综合评价值D之间存在极显著正相关; 主成分PC1、PC2及综合评价值D均服从正态分布; 结合隶属函数分析和聚类分析, 将224份油菜种质资源的耐盐碱性划分为碱极敏感型、碱敏感型、中间型、碱耐受型和碱高耐受型5个等级, 分别占供试材料总数的7.14%、50.00%、33.93%、8.58%和0.45%, 筛选出碱耐受型种质19份, 碱高耐受型种质1份。通过对224份材料的4个表型数据的耐碱指数进行回归分析, 建立了油菜苗期耐碱性的回归方程Y=0.009+0.986X1+0.208X2+0.151X3, 地上部干鲜重和叶片数量可以作为油菜苗期耐碱性鉴定的重要指标。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 苗期, 土培耐碱性, 评价鉴定, 种质筛选

Abstract:

Soil salinization is a major factor limiting rapeseed production. Identifying alkali-tolerant rapeseed germplasm is of great importance for breeding programs, enhancing oil production capacity, and promoting the sustainable use of saline-alkali land. Accurate and efficient screening and identification methods are fundamental to the discovery of alkali-tolerant germplasm resources and the genetic improvement of alkali tolerance in rapeseed. In this study, a mixed alkali solution (75 mmol L-1, NaHCO3 : Na2CO3 at a molar ratio of 2:1) was used to simulate alkaline stress. Four soil pH gradients (pH 8.75, 8.95, 9.18, and 9.42) were established by adjusting the ratio of nutrient soil to vermiculite. The widely cultivated variety ‘Zhongshuang 11' was used as the test material to evaluate the effects of different pH levels on rapeseed growth and development. A soil pH of 8.95 was identified as optimal for evaluating alkali tolerance. A total of 224 natural rapeseed germplasms were subjected to alkali stress, and four phenotypic traits were measured under both control and alkaline conditions: aboveground fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, leaf number, and survival rate. Alkali tolerance at the seedling stage was comprehensively assessed using coefficient of variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis. Results showed that under pH8.95 treatment, the coefficient of variation (CV) for all phenotypic traits increased significantly compared to control conditions, with the CV of both aboveground fresh and dry weights increasing by more than 25%. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the alkali tolerance indices (aboveground fresh/dry weight, leaf number, survival rate) and the comprehensive alkali tolerance score (D-value). The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2), along with the comprehensive score D, followed a normal distribution. Based on membership function and cluster analyses, the 224 germplasms were classified into five alkali tolerance groups: highly alkali-sensitive (7.14%), alkali-sensitive (50.00%), intermediate (33.93%), alkali-tolerant (8.58%), and highly alkali-tolerant (0.45%). In total, 19 alkali-tolerant and 1 highly alkali-tolerant germplasms were identified. A regression equation was established based on the tolerance indices of the four phenotypic traits across all samples: Y = 0.009 + 0.986X1 + 0.208X2 + 0.151X3. Aboveground fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf number were identified as key indicators for evaluating alkali tolerance in rapeseed seedlings.

Key words: Brassica napus (rapeseed), seedling stage, alkali tolerance of soil culture, evaluation and identification, germplasm screening

表1

不同pH碱性土壤的配制"

处理
Treatment		 营养土添加量
Nutrient soil addition (g kg-1)		 蛭石添加量
Vermiculite addition
(g kg-1)
CK 500 500
pH 8.75 600 400
pH 8.95 500 500
pH 9.18 400 600
pH 9.42 200 800

图1

不同pH土壤对中双11号苗期生长的影响 处理同表1。A: 不同处理下中双11号播种后3周的表型。B: 不同处理下, 播种后3周中双11号的地上部鲜重、地上部干重、叶片数量、存活率和发芽率的统计分析。*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001; ****: P < 0.0001。"

表2

pH8.95处理下224份油菜资源苗期表型指标的变异分析"

性状
Trait		 处理
Treatment		 均值
Average		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.
地上部鲜重
Shoot fresh weight (g plant-1)		 CK 1.87 0.78 41.49 0.40 3.86
pH 8.95 0.35 0.24 70.41 0 1.38
地上部鲜重耐碱指数RSFW 0.20 0.12 63.08 0 0.65
地上部干重
Shoot dry weight (g plant-1)		 CK 0.24 0.09 36.26 0.04 0.54
pH 8.95 0.05 0.03 68.22 0 0.21
地上部干重耐碱指数RSDW 0.21 0.15 70.40 0 0.92
叶片数
Number of leaves		 CK 3.85 0.72 18.65 2.22 5.83
pH 8.95 2.65 0.83 31.40 0 4.67
叶片数耐碱指数LR 0.70 0.21 30.20 0 1.00
存活率
Number of survivors (%)		 CK 100.00 0 0 100.00 100.00
pH8.95 59.77 26.77 44.78 0 100.00
存活率耐碱指数 SVR 0.60 0.27 44.78 0 1.00

图2

224份油菜材料耐碱指数与综合评价值D之间的相关性分析 **: P < 0.01。红色表示正相关, 蓝色表示负相关。RSFW: 地上部鲜重耐碱指数; RSDW: 地上部干重耐碱指数; LR: 叶片数耐碱指数; SVR: 存活率耐碱指数; D-value: 综合评价值D。"

表3

pH 8.95处理下224份油菜资源苗期表型指标的PCA分析"

项目
Item		 主成分 Principal component
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4
载荷因子Load factor 地上部鲜重耐碱指数RSFW 0.85 -0.28 0.25 -0.37
地上部干重耐碱指数RSDW 0.78 -0.51 0.01 0.36
叶片数量耐碱指数LR 0.81 0.24 -0.52 -0.08
存活率耐碱指数SVR 0.68 0.65 0.31 0.15
特征值Eigenvalue 2.45 0.82 0.43 0.30
贡献率Contribution (%) 61.26 20.56 10.77 7.41
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution (%) 61.26 81.82 92.59 100.00

图3

表型指标耐碱指数主成分和综合评价值D的频数分布图 A: 4个表型指标耐碱指数的PC1频数分布图; B: 4个表型指标耐碱指数的PC2频数分布图; C: 综合评价值D的频数分析。"

图4

根据D值对224份油菜材料的聚类分析 D值是通过隶属函数分析获得的综合评价值, 根据D值对224份甘蓝型油菜材料进行聚类, 可以分成5类, I级为碱极敏感型, II级为碱敏感型, III级为中间耐受型, IV级为碱耐受型, V级为碱高耐受型。"

图5

不同耐碱性材料表型对比 A: 碱敏感型材料(编号103、113) 表型; B: 碱耐受型材料(编号210、211)表型。"

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