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氮肥用量对油菜籽粒内生微生物及籽粒品质的影响

庄玥茗，宋毅，陈航航，陆志峰，廖世鹏，李小坤，丛日环，任涛*，鲁剑巍   

  1. 华中农业大学资源与环境学院 / 农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室 / 华中农业大学微量元素研究中心, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19 修回日期:2025-09-10 接受日期:2025-09-10 网络出版日期:2025-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 任涛, E-mail: rentao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(32472839), 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12), 湖北省油菜产业技术体系(2023HBSTX4-03)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2662021ZH001)资助。

Effects of application of nitrogen on endophytic microbiota and seed quality in rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus L.) 

ZHUANG Yue-Ming,SONG Yi,CHEN Hang-Hang,LU Zhi-Feng,LIAO Shi-Peng,LI Xiao-Kun,CONG Ri-Huan,REN Tao*,LU Jian-Wei   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-05-19 Revised:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published online:2025-09-25
  • Contact: 任涛, E-mail: rentao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32472839), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-12), the Hubei Province Agriculture Research System (2023HBSTX4-03), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662021ZH001).

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摘要：

为探究不同氮肥施用对油菜籽粒内生微生物和籽粒品质的影响，利用油菜氮肥用量的田间定位试验，选取0、180、360 kg N hm?2 3个氮肥用量，分别定义为N0 (氮缺乏)、N180 (氮适中)、N360 (氮过量)。利用16S rRNA和ITS高通量测序技术测定收获期油菜籽粒内生微生物群落组成，同时测定油菜品质指标，建立不同氮肥施用量下油菜籽粒内生微生物与籽粒品质性状之间的联系。结果表明，氮肥用量显著影响了细菌多样性，真菌多样性响应不显著；不同处理下细菌和真菌群落组成的差异主要体现在物种属水平相对丰度的变化；施氮显著降低细菌和真菌网络复杂性。不同氮肥施用油菜籽粒品质存在显著差异，施氮显著降低籽粒含油率，与N0相比，N180和N360处理下籽粒含油率分别下降5.2%和10.7%。Mental Test结果表明，油菜籽粒细菌群落组成与千粒重间呈极显著相关，真菌群落结构与籽粒含油率和C/N间存在极显著关系。随机森林分析表明，籽粒内生微生物中Corynebacterium属、Propionibacterium属、Naganishia属、Rhodotorula属、Sebacina属成员可较好地预测籽粒油含量。综上所述，氮肥施用能显著调控油菜籽粒内生微生物群落和籽粒品质，籽粒内生微生物与籽粒品质密切相关，这项研究拓展了我们对养分管理策略调节植物相关微生物组的结构和功能的认识，为未来利用植物-微生物组相互作用来改善作物品质提供了科学依据。

关键词: 氮肥, 油菜, 籽粒微生物, 油脂, 蛋白质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilization on endophytic microorganisms and seed quality in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a long-term field experiment was conducted using three nitrogen application rates: 0 (N-deficient, N0), 180 (N-optimal, N180), and 360 kg hm?2 (N-excessive, N360). Endophytic microbial communities in mature seeds were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS regions, and seed quality parameters were measured to assess the relationships between microbial communities and seed traits under different nitrogen regimes. Nitrogen fertilization significantly reduced bacterial diversity but had no notable effect on fungal diversity. Changes in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities were mainly reflected in shifts in the relative abundance of genera. Nitrogen application also markedly decreased the complexity of both bacterial and fungal co-occurrence networks. Seed quality varied significantly among treatments. Oil concentration decreased with increasing nitrogen input—declining by 5.2% and 10.7% under N180 and N360, respectively, compared to N0. Mantel tests revealed a strong correlation between bacterial community composition and 1000-seed weight, while fungal community structure was significantly associated with oil concentration and the C/N ratio. Random Forest analysis identified several key microbial predictors of oil concentration, including the genera Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Naganishia, Rhodotorula, and Sebacina. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilization plays a critical role in shaping endophytic microbial communities and regulating seed quality in rapeseed. The close associations between endophytic microbiota and seed traits underscore the potential for harnessing plant–microbiome interactions to improve crop quality. This study enhances our understanding of how nutrient management influences plant-associated microbiomes and provides a scientific basis for optimizing agricultural practices through microbial engineerin

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), seed-endophytic microbiota, oil, protein

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