作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 3128-3141.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63008
陈兴华1,2,3(
), 陈冉冉1,2, 夏雨昕1, 康壹然2, 王创1,2,*(
)
Chen Xing-Hua1,2,3(
), Chen Ran-Ran1,2, Xia Yu-Xin1, Kang Yi-Ran2, Wang Chuang1,2,*(
)
摘要:
为筛选合适的耐碱玉米杂交种, 本研究通过设置碱性土壤和对照土壤2个处理, 测定40份玉米杂交种的株高、SPAD值、茎粗、总鲜重等10项指标, 系统评价了玉米杂交种苗期耐碱能力, 并通过逐步回归分析筛选用于评价玉米杂交种苗期耐碱能力的关键指标。结果表明, 测定的10项指标均显著受到碱胁迫影响并且部分指标之间存在较强的相关性。利用隶属函数法和系统聚类分析法将40份玉米杂交种分成5类, 其中YK338和YD903等属于强耐碱品种, DK653、TL1、XY335和GY351等属于碱极敏感品种。进一步通过逐步回归分析建立了玉米苗期耐碱预测模型, 筛选出总鲜重、根系干重、总干重和茎粗可作为玉米苗期耐碱鉴定核心指标(R2 = 0.99)。通过对极端品种的分析表明, 在碱胁迫条件下耐碱玉米品种长势明显优于敏感品种, 耐碱品种通过维持低钠离子(Na+)、高钾离子(K+)含量及高效氮(N)、磷(P)养分吸收等特性来提升其抗性。综上所述, 本研究建立了土培条件下玉米耐碱综合评价体系, 筛选的耐碱品种和关键指标为耐碱玉米育种及盐碱地高效利用提供了理论依据与技术支撑。
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