欢迎访问作物学报,今天是

作物学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (05): 838-845.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00838

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

半干旱区沟垄集雨对玉米光合特性及产量的影响

任小龙1;贾志宽1,*;陈小莉2;韩娟1;韩清芳1;丁瑞霞1   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱农业研究中心, 陕西杨凌 712100; 2中国科学院水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2007-08-08 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-05-12 网络出版日期:2008-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 贾志宽

Effects of Ridge and Furrow Planting for Rainfall Harvesting on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Corn in Semi-Arid Regions

REN Xiao-Long1,JIA Zhi-Kuan1*,CHEN Xiao-Li2,HAN Juan1,HAN Qing-Fang1,DING Rui-Xia1   

  1. 1 Research Center of Agriculture in the Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi; 2 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2007-08-08 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2008-05-12 Published online:2008-05-12
  • Contact: JIA Zhi-Kuan

摘要: 在中国西北黄土高原半干旱区, 沟垄集雨种植(RFPRH)系统被逐步推行, 以改善农田水分状况, 提高作物水分利用效率(WUE), 达到高产稳产的目的。为了探索该种植方式的适宜降雨量, 在人工模拟不同降雨量下, 以传统平作为对照, 研究了沟垄集雨种植对夏玉米土壤水分含量、功能叶片的光合参数、荧光参数和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)以及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明, 在230 mm和340 mm降雨量下, 集雨处理的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PS II最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PS II的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)均较对照显著增加; 叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)分别提高17.7%和13.9%, 叶片瞬时水分利用效率提高26.9%和10.1%, 籽粒产量增加75.4%和36.7%。在440 mm降雨量条件下, 集雨处理的Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qP和SPAD值在拔节期显著增加, Gs在抽雄期显著增加, Pn在抽雄期和孕穗期显著下降, 水分利用效率在全生育期比对照平均低13.2%, 其他各生育时期光合生理特性及籽粒产量与对照相比差异不明显。说明沟垄集雨种植在偏旱的年份, 可显著提高玉米光合效率和叶片水分利用效率, 其全生育期适宜雨量上限可能是440 mm。

关键词: 模拟降雨, 沟垄集雨种植, 光合特性, 夏玉米

Abstract: Ridge and furrow planting of rainfall harvesting (RFPRH) is a cultivation technique by covering ridges with plastic films and planting crops in furrows. RFPRH has been extending in the semi-arid areas of Loess Plateau in Northwest China because it can alleviate drought stress by collecting rainfalls from the ridges and promote water use efficiency (WUE) and crop yield. To investigate the optimal quantity of rainfall in RFPRH system, we studied the effects of RFPRH, taking traditional cultivation as the control, on soil water storage, photosynthetic indexes, fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) in functional leaves, and grain yield of summer corn (Zea mays L.) under three simulated rainfall treatments. The rainfall was given 12 times (at 5–15 d interval) in corn growth duration with the total amount of 230, 340, and 440 mm, respectively. In the RFPRH system, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/F, and qP) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in control, and the SPAD value increased by 17.7% and 13.9% in 230 and 340 mm rainfall treatments, respectively. Compared to the control, the instantaneous WUE in leaves increased by 26.9% and 10.1%, and the grain yield by 75.4% and 36.7% under 230 and 340 mm rainfall treatments, respectively. The Fm, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, qP, and SPAD value at jointing stage and Gs at heading stage increased significantly (P<0.05), but Pn decreased sharply at heading and booting stages under 440 mm rainfall treatment in RFPRH system. The WUE of the whole growth duration of RFPRH was lower by 13.2% than that of control. The results indicate that the RFPRH system can promote Pn and leaf WUE of corn in arid years, and 440 mm may be the upper limit of rainfall during the whole growth period in the RFPRH system.

Key words: Rainfall simulation, Ridge and furrow planting for rainfall harvesting (RFPRH), Photosynthetic characteristics, Summer corn

[1] 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[2] 徐田军, 张勇, 赵久然, 王荣焕, 吕天放, 刘月娥, 蔡万涛, 刘宏伟, 陈传永, 王元东. 宜机收籽粒玉米品种冠层结构、光合及灌浆脱水特性[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1526-1536.
[3] 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297.
[4] 张倩, 韩本高, 张博, 盛开, 李岚涛, 王宜伦. 控失尿素减施及不同配比对夏玉米产量及氮肥效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(1): 180-192.
[5] 李静, 王洪章, 刘鹏, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝. 夏玉米不同栽培模式花后叶片光合性能的差异[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(7): 1351-1359.
[6] 党科, 宫香伟, 吕思明, 赵冠, 田礼欣, 靳飞, 杨璞, 冯佰利, 高小丽. 糜子/绿豆间作模式下施氮量对绿豆叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(6): 1175-1187.
[7] 张云, 王丹媚, 王孝源, 任晴雯, 唐可, 张丽宇, 吴玉环, 刘鹏. 外源茉莉酸对菊芋镉胁迫下光合特性及镉积累的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(12): 2490-2500.
[8] 周宝元, 葛均筑, 孙雪芳, 韩玉玲, 马玮, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 黄淮海麦玉两熟区周年光温资源优化配置研究进展[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1843-1853.
[9] 冯克云, 王宁, 南宏宇, 高建刚. 水分亏缺下化肥减量配施有机肥对棉花光合特性与产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(1): 125-137.
[10] 马正波, 董学瑞, 唐会会, 闫鹏, 卢霖, 王庆燕, 房孟颖, 王琦, 董志强. 四甲基戊二酸对夏玉米光合生产特征的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(10): 1617-1627.
[11] 陈晓影,刘鹏,程乙,董树亭,张吉旺,赵斌,任佰朝,韩坤. 基于磷肥施用深度的夏玉米根层调控提高土壤氮素吸收利用[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(02): 238-248.
[12] 万泽花,任佰朝,赵斌,刘鹏,张吉旺. 不同熟期夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆脱水特性和激素含量变化[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(9): 1446-1453.
[13] 杜进勇,柴强,王一帆,范虹,胡发龙,殷文,李登业. 地上地下互作强度对小麦间作玉米光合特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(9): 1398-1406.
[14] 李朝苏,吴晓丽,汤永禄,李俊,马孝玲,李式昭,黄明波,刘淼. 小麦产量对中后期氮素胁迫的响应及品种间差异[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(8): 1260-1269.
[15] 严青青,张巨松,代健敏,窦巧巧. 甜菜碱对盐碱胁迫下海岛棉幼苗光合作用及生物量积累的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(7): 1128-1135.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!