控释肥对夏玉米产量和氮素积累与分配的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01760

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在大田条件下研究树脂包膜控释肥(CRF)和硫包膜控释肥(SCF)对夏玉米花后光合产物和氮素积累与分配及产量的影响。结果表明，花后控释肥处理的光合速率始终较高，在相同施肥量(N、P、K量相同)情况下，控释肥CRF (1 428 kg hm^-2)和SCF (1 668 kg hm^-2)及其减量25%处理的单株干物质和氮素积累量都显著高于等量普通复合肥(CCF，1 260 kg hm^-2)处理；控释肥减量25%时，干物质向籽粒中的分配比例显著高于CCF处理；成熟期籽粒的氮素积累，控释肥处理都显著高于CCF处理，并随着控释肥比例的增加而增加，全量与减量25%的处理无显著差异。控释肥能显著提高玉米产量，等量控释肥增产13.15%和14.15%；控释肥减量25%时，分别比CCF增产9.69%和10.04%；其氮肥利用率和农学效率也均显著高于普通肥处理。

关键词: 夏玉米, 控释肥, 干物质积累与分配, 氮素积累与分配, 产量

Abstract: The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of controlled-release fertilizers (including one kind of fertilizer enveloped by colophony, CRF, and the other kind of fertilizer enveloped by sulfur, SCF) on accumulation and distribution of photosynthate and nitrogen as well as yield after anthesis of summer maize. Results indicated that photosynthetic rate of the treatments with controlled-release fertilizers CRF and SCF kept in a higher level after anthesis. Under the same application rates of N, P, and K, applying CRF (1 428 kg ha^-1) and SCF (1 668 kg ha^-1) increased the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen per plant significantly compared with applying the common compound fertilizer (CCF, 1 260 kg ha^-1). When the applied amounts of the CRF and SCF were decreased by 25%, the increment was also significant, and the distribution proportion of the dry matter from plant to seeds was significantly higher than that of applying CCF. The accumulation of the nitrogen in seeds of the CRF and SCF treatments was significantly higher than that of CCF treatment at maturity stage, and was increased with increasing applied proportion of fertilizer, but these was no significant difference between treatments of CRF, SCF and 25%.of CRF and SCF. Appling CRF and SCF increased the maize grain yield by 13.15% and 14.15% respectively under the same application rates. When the applied amount of CRF and SCF was decreased by 25%, the yield increment was 9.69% and 10.04%, respectively, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen agronomy efficiency were significantly higher than those of applying CCF.

Key words: Summer maize, Controlled-release fertilzer, Accumulation and distribution of dry matter, Accumulation and distribution of nitrogen, Yield

赵斌, 董树亭, 张吉旺, 刘鹏. 控释肥对夏玉米产量和氮素积累与分配的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(10): 1760-1768.

ZHAO Bin, DONG Shu-Ting, ZHANG Ji-Wang, LIU Peng. Effects of Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution in Summer Maize[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(10): 1760-1768.

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