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作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (01): 101-109.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00101

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻高产氮高效型品种的物质积累与转运特性

李敏1,2,张洪程2,*,杨雄2,葛梦婕2,马群2,魏海燕2,戴其根2,霍中洋2,许轲2   

  1. 贵州省水稻研究所，贵州贵阳550006；2 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心，江苏扬州225009
  • 收稿日期:2012-06-11 修回日期:2012-10-09 出版日期:2013-01-12 网络出版日期:2012-11-14
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979220
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30971732, 31101102), 国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B03), 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合NY字[2012]3043), 贵州省水稻育种、栽培与产业化创新能力建设项目(黔科合 院所创能 合[2011]4003), 贵州山区水稻科研基础条件建设项目(黔科条中补地[2011]4005), 贵州科技重大专项计划项目(黔科合重大专项字[2011]6012-2)及贵州省科技成果重点推广计划项目(黔科合成字[2012]5019)资助。

Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation in Rice Cultivars with High Yield and High Nitrogen Use Efficiency

LI Min1,2,ZHANG Hong-Cheng2,*,YANG Xiong2,GE Meng-Jie2,MA Qun2,WEI Hai-Yan2,DAI Qi-Gen2,HUO Zhong-Yang2,XU Ke2   

  1. 1 Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550006, China; 2 Innovation Center of Rice Technology in Yangtze Rice Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2012-06-11 Revised:2012-10-09 Published:2013-01-12 Published online:2012-11-14
  • Contact: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979220

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摘要：

选用低产氮低效型、高产氮中效型和高产氮高效型具有代表性的6个粳稻品种，在各自最适氮素水平下，研究了干物质积累与转运特性的差异及其与氮效率的关系。结果表明，较之低产类型品种，高产类型品种物质生产总量提高20.29%，差异达显著水平。其中在够苗前、拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段的干物质积累量和群体生长率分别提高15.05%、27.04%、24.75%和15.05%、28.38%、23.00%，够苗至拔节阶段则互有高低。同为高产类型品种，因氮利用率的差异物质积累与转运特性不同。较之高产氮中效型，高产氮高效型品种各生育时期的单位面积茎蘖数均呈下降趋势，其中够苗、拔节、抽穗和成熟期平均分别降低5.76%、11.61%、7.01%和5.70%，差异均达显著水平，而成穗率显著提高。各生育时期的干物质积累量均有所下降，其中，够苗、拔节、抽穗和成熟期分别降低12.18%、10.54%、8.29%和5.01%，收获指数却显著提高。抽穗至成熟阶段的干物质积累率提高5.40%，群体生长率提高5.19%。说明抽穗前适当控制群体生长，抽穗后保持较高的群体生长水平及较高的收获指数是高产氮高效型品种的重要物质生产特性。

关键词: 水稻, 高产高效, 物质生产, 物质转运

Abstract:

The difference of dry matter production and translocation characteristics in low-yielding and low N-efficiency, high-yielding and medium N-efficiency, high-yielding and high N-efficiency rice cultivars was investigated using six representative japonica varieties under their optimum N supply levels, respectively. The results indicated that: with the increase of rice productivity, the total dry matter production amount significantly increased by 20.29% on average, and the dry matter accumulation amount and population growth rate increased on average by 15.05%, 27.04%, 24.75% and 15.05%, 28.38%, 23.00%, during the period before N-n (critical stage of productive tillering),from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturing, respectively, and decreased during the period from N-n to the jointing. Among the high-yielding varieties, with the nitrogen use efficiency increased, the tiller number per unit area at each growth stage showed a downward trend, and significantly reduced on average by 5.76%, 11.61%, 7.01%, and 5.70% at N-n, jointing, heading and maturing, respectively, but ratio of productive tillers to total tillers significantly increased. At each growth stage, the dry matter accumulation amount showed a declined tendency, and reduced on average by 12.18%, 10.54%, 8.29%, and 5.01% at N-n, jointing, heading and maturity, respectively, but harvest index significantly increased. During the period from heading to maturing, dry matter accumulation rate increased on average by 5.40%, the population growth rate increased on average by 5.19%. The results above showed that proper control for population growth before heading, maintaining a high growth rate after heading and a higher harvest index were the important dry matter accumulation characteristics of the cultivars with high-yielding and high nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: Rice, High-yielding and high N-efficiency, Dry matter production, Dry matter translocation

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