大田淹水对夏玉米光合特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00329

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用登海605和郑单958为试验材料，在大田条件下设置淹水时期(三叶期、拔节期、花后10 d)和淹水持续时间(淹水3 d和6 d)处理研究淹水对夏玉米光合特性的影响。结果表明，淹水胁迫后叶面积指数和叶绿素含量显著下降，净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、细胞间隙CO₂浓度(C_i)显著降低，三叶期淹水6 d对其影响最显著，开花期郑单958和登海605功能叶片的P_n、G_s、C_i较对照的分别下降21.24%、33.65%、16.49%和24.50%、32.31%、10.99%。淹水后叶片的F_v/F_m、F_m/F_o、Φ_PSII显著下降，三叶期淹水6 d后影响最显著，登海605和郑单958分别下降16.86%、17.12%、11.67%和13.58%、21.40%、22.52%，这是导致夏玉米产量显著下降的主要光合生理机制，三叶期淹水6 d产量降幅最大，登海605和郑单958较对照分别下降41.51%和40.96%。三叶期淹水造成的影响最大，拔节期淹水次之，开花后10 d淹水造成的影响较小，其影响随淹水持续时间的延长而加剧。

关键词: 夏玉米, 大田淹水, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

Two summer maize hybrids Zhengdan 958 and Denghai 605 were used in the field experiment to explore the effects of waterlogging with different durations (3 and 6 days) on photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize at the three-leaf stage (V3), six-leaf stage (V6), and ten days after the tasseling stage (10VT). Results showed that leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) were decreased significantly by waterlogging. P_n,G_s, and C_i of two hydrids decreased mostly in the treatment of waterlogging for 6 days at V3, with 21.24%, 33.65%, and 16.49% in Denghai 605 and 24.50%, 32.31%, and 10.99% in Zhengdan 958, respectively. F_v/F_m, F_m/F_o, and Φ_PSIIsignificantly decreased in the treatment of waterlogging for 6 days at V3, with 16.86%, 17.12% and 11.67% in Denghai 605 and 13.58%, 21.40% and 22.52% in Zhengdan 958 respectively, resulting in the decrease of grain yield ultimately by 41.51% in Denghai 605 and 40.96% in Zhengdan 958. The greatest yield losses from waterlogging occurred at V3, the following was at V6 and 10VT. The waterlogging effect increased with increasing waterlogging duration.

Key words: Summe maize, Waterlogging in the field, Photosynthetic characteristics, Grain yield

任佰朝，朱玉玲，李霞，范霞，董树亭，赵斌，刘鹏，张吉旺. 大田淹水对夏玉米光合特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(02): 329-338.

REN Bai-Zhao,ZHU Yu-Li,LI Xia,FAN Xia,DONG Shu-Ting,ZHAO Bin,LIU Peng,ZHANG Ji-Wang* . Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize under Field Conditions[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(02): 329-338.

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