欢迎访问作物学报,今天是

作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (03): 422-431.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00422

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同年代中籼水稻品种的产量与氮肥利用效率

剧成欣1,陶进1,钱希旸1,顾骏飞1,赵步洪2,杨凯鹏3,王志琴1,杨建昌1,*   

  1. 1扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009;2江苏省里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007;3江苏省东海县农业委员会,江苏连云港 222300
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-04 修回日期:2014-12-19 出版日期:2015-03-12 网络出版日期:2014-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 杨建昌,E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn,Tel: 0514-87979317
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271641, 31471438),中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(农业)(201103003, 201203079), 国家“十二五”科技计划项目(2014AA10A605, 2011BAD16B14, 2012BAD04B08, 2013BAD07B09),江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2014]313)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)专项经费资助。

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Mid-season Indica Rice Cultivars Applied at Different Decades

JI Cheng-Xin1,TAO Jin1,QIAN Xi-Yang1,GU Jun-Fei1,ZHAO Bu-Hong2,YANG Kai-Peng3,WANG Zhi-Qin1,YANG Jian-Chang1,*   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Lixiahe Region Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225007, China; 3 Donghai Prefectural Agriculture Committee of Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222300, China
  • Received:2014-09-04 Revised:2014-12-19 Published:2015-03-12 Published online:2014-12-29
  • Contact: 杨建昌,E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn,Tel: 0514-87979317

摘要:

本研究旨在探明中籼水稻在品种改良过程中产量与氮肥利用效率的变化特点。以江苏省近70年来不同年代在生产上广泛应用的12个代表性中籼水稻品种(含杂交稻组合)为材料,依据应用年代将其分为20世纪40—50年代、60—70年代、80—90年代和2000年以后4个类型,设置0 N (全生育期不施氮)、MN (全生育期施氮210 kg hm-2) 和HN (全生育期施氮300 kg hm-2) 3个施氮量处理,研究其产量、氮肥利用效率及其生理特性。结果表明,随品种应用年代的演进,不同年代中籼水稻品种的产量和氮肥利用效率均获得较大提高。2000年以后的品种(超级稻)产量和氮肥利用效率较高,根系性状和叶片光合特性以及氮代谢相关酶活性强是其重要生理基础。超级稻抽穗后根系氧化力和剑叶光合速率下降的幅度较大可能是导致超级稻结实率较低的一个重要原因。提高灌浆中后期超级稻的根系氧化力和剑叶光合速率,有望提高超级稻的结实率。

关键词: 中籼水稻, 氮肥利用效率, 产量

Abstract:

Improvement in rice cultivars plays an important role in increasing grain yield. However, little is known about the relationship between yield and nitrogen use efficiency in mid-season indica rice cultivar improvement process. In this study, 12 typical cultivars (including hybrid combinations) applied in the production in Jiangsu Province during the last 70 years were used, and classified into four types of 1940–1950s, 1960–1970s, 1980–1990s, and after 2000 (super rice) according to their application times. Three treatments of zero N (0N), 210 kg ha-1 N (MN) and 300 kg ha-1 N (HN) were designed. The results showed that grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency were progressively increased with the improvement of cultivars under each nitrogen rate. The super rice cultivars had a higher biomass and nitrogen accumulation, higher activities of root oxidation and nitrogen metabolic enzyme and higher leaf photosynthetic rate resulting in higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency when compared with any other types of cultivars. The root oxidation activity and photosynthetic characteristics of super rice were the peak at the heading stage, but sharp declined from heading to maturity, which could account for an important physiological reason for a lower filled-grain percentage of super rice. It would be an important approach to further increase grain yield of super rice through increasing root activity and leaf photosynthetic rate during grain filling.

Key words: Middle-season indica rice, Nitrogen use efficiency, Grain yield

[1]刘立军, 杨立年等, 孙小淋, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 水稻实地氮肥管理的氮肥利用效率及其生理原因. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 1672−1680

Liu L J, Yang L Y, Sun X L, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and its physiological mechanism under site-specific nitrogen management in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35: 1672−1680 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[2]杨建昌. 水稻根系形态生理与产量品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 36−46

Yang J C. Relationships of rice root morphology and physiology with the formation of grain yield and quality and the nutrient absorption and utilization. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 36−46 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[3]Peng S B, Tang Q Y, Zou Y B. Current status and challenges of rice production in China. Plant Prod Sci, 2009, 12: 3−8

[4]彭少兵, 黄见良, 钟旭华, 杨建昌, 王光火, 邹应斌, 张福锁, 朱庆森. 提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35: 1095−1103

Peng S B, Huang J L, Zhong X H, Yang J C, Wang G H, Zou Y B, Zhang F S, Zhu Q S. Research strategy in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China. Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35: 1095−1103 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[5]朱兆良, 金继运. 保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19: 259−273

Zhu Z L, Jin J Y. Fertilizer use and food security in China. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2013, 19: 259−273 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[6]Zhang H, Xue Y G, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Zhang J H. Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in “super” rice. Field Crops Res, 2009, 113: 31−40

[7]敖和军, 王淑红, 邹应斌, 彭少兵, 唐启源, 方远祥, 肖安民, 陈玉梅, 熊昌明. 超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 1927–1936

Ao H J, Wang S H, Zou Y B, Peng S B, Tang Q Y, Fang Y X, Xiao A M, Chen Y M, Xiong C M. Study on yield stability and dry matter characteristics of super hybrid rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 1927–1936 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[8]崔玉亭, 程序, 韩纯儒, 李荣刚. 苏南太湖流域水稻经济生态适宜施氮量研究. 生态学报, 2000, 20: 658−662

Cui Y T, Cheng X, Han C R, Li R G. The economic and ecological satisfactory amount of nitrogen fertilizer using on rice in Tai Lake watershed. Acta Ecol Sin, 2000, 20: 658–662 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[9]张耗, 谈桂露, 薛亚光, 王志琴, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 江苏省粳稻品种近60年演进过程中产量与形态生理特征的变化. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 133−140

Zhang H, Tan G L, Xue Y G, Wang Z Q, Liu L J, Yang J C. Changes in grain yield and morphological and physiological characteristics during 60-year evolution of japonica rice cultivars in Jiangsu Province. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 133−140 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[10]张耗, 谈桂露, 孙小淋, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 江苏省中籼水稻品种演进过程中米质的变化. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 2037−2044

Zhang H, Tan G L, Sun X L, Liu L J, Yang J C. Changes in grain quality during the evolution of mid-season indica rice cultivars in Jiangsu Province. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35: 2037−2044 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[11]张耗, 黄钻华, 王静超, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 江苏中籼水稻品种演进过程中根系形态生理性状的变化及其与产量的关系. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1020−1030

Zhang H, Huang Z H, Wang J C, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Changes in morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with grain yield during the evolution of mid-season indica rice cultivars in Jiangsu Province. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1020−1030 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[12]杨建昌, 王朋, 刘立军, 王志琴, 朱庆森. 中籼水稻品种产量与株型演进特征研究. 作物学报, 2006, 32: 949−955

Yang J C, Wang P, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Zhu Q S. Evolution characteristic of grain yield and plant type for mid-season indica rice cultivars. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32: 949−955 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[13]熊洁, 陈功磊, 王绍华, 丁艳锋. 江苏省不同年代典型粳稻品种的产量及株型差异. 南京农业大学学报, 2011, 34(5): 1−6

Xiong J, Chen G L, Wang S H, Ding Y F. The difference in grain yield and plant type among typical japonica varieties in different years in Jiangsu Province. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 2011, 34(5): 1–6 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[14]褚光, 周群, 薛亚光, 颜晓元, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 栽培模式对杂交粳稻常优5号根系形态生理性状和地上部生长的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 949−955

Chu G, Zhou Q, Xue Y G, Yan X Y, Liu L J, Yang J C. Effects of cultivation patterns on root morph-physiological traits and aboveground development of japonica hybrid rice cultivar Changyou 5. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 949−955 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[15]陈露, 张伟杨, 王志琴, 张耗, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 施氮量对江苏不同年代中粳稻品种产量与群体质量的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1412−1423

Chen L, Zhang W Y, Wang Z Q, Zhang H, Liu L J, Yang J C. Effects of nitrogen application rate on grain yield and population quality of mid-season japonica rice cultivars at different decades in Jiangsu Province. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1412−1423 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[16]赵全志, 陈静蕊, 刘辉, 乔江方, 高桐梅, 杨海霞, 王继红. 水稻氮素同化关键酶活性与叶色变化的关系. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 2607−2616

Zhao Q Z, Chen J R, Liu H, Qiao J F, Gao T M, Yang H X, Wang J H. Relationship between activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes and leaf color of rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 2607−2616 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17]李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000. pp 125−127

Li H S. The Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment. Beijing: High Education Press, 2000. pp 125−127 (in Chinese)

[18]薛亚光, 王康君, 严晓元, 尹斌, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 不同栽培模式对杂交粳稻常优3号产量及养分吸收利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 4781−4792

Xue Y G, Wang K J, Yan X Y, Yin B, Liu L J, Yang J C. Effects of different cultivation patterns on grain yield and nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of japonica hybrid rice Changyou 3. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 4781−4792 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19]Cheng S H, Zhuang J Y, Fan Y Y, Du J H, Cao L Y. Progress in research and development on hybrid rice: A super-domesticate in China. Ann Bot, 2007, 100: 959-966

[20]Peng S B, Khush G S, Virk P, Tang Q Y, Zou Y B. Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential. Field Crops Res, 2008, 108: 32−38

[21]洪植蕃, 林菲, 庄宝华. 两系杂交稻栽培生理特性: III. 结实特性与库源特征. 福建农学院学报, 1992, 21: 251−258

Hong Z F, Lin F, Zhuang B H. Agro-physic-ecological characteristics of two-line rice hybrids: III. spikelet fertility and sink-source feature. J Fujian Agric Coll, 19922, 21: 251–258

[22]朱庆森, 张祖建, 杨建昌, 曹显祖, 郎有忠, 王增春. 亚种间杂交稻产量源库特征. 中国农业科学, 1997, 30:52–59

Zhu Q S, Zhang Z J, Yang J C, Cao X Z, Lang Y Z, Wang Z C. Source-sink characteristics related to the yield in intersubspecific hybrid rice. Sci Agric Sin, 1997, 30: 52−59 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[23]Peng S B, Cassman K G, Virmani S S, Sheehy J, Khush G S. Yield potential trends of tropical rice since the release of IR8 and the challenge of increasing rice yield potential. Crop Sci, 1999, 39: 1552−1559

[24]Yang J C, Peng S B, Zhang Z J, Wang Z Q, Romeo M V, Zhu Q S. Grain and dry matter yields and partitioning of assimilate in japonica/indica hybrid rice. Crop Sci, 2002, 42: 766−772

[25]张福锁, 范明生. 主要粮食作物高产栽培与资源高效利用的基础研究. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013. pp 199−222

Zhang F S, Fan M S. The Basic Research of High Yield Cultivation and High-Efficiency of Utilizing Resources of the Main Food Crop. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2013. pp 199−222 (in Chinese)

[26]敖和军, 王淑红, 邹应斌, 彭少兵, 程兆伟, 刘武, 唐启源. 不同施肥水平下超级杂交稻对氮、磷、钾的吸收积累. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 3123−3132

Ao H J, Wang S H, Zou Y B, Peng S B, Cheng Z W, Liu W, Tang Q Y. Characteristics of nutrient uptake and utilization of super hybrid rice under different fertilizer application rates. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 3123−3132 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[27]董桂春, 王熠, 于小凤, 周娟, 彭斌, 李进前, 田昊, 张燕, 袁秋梅, 王余龙. 不同生育期水稻品种氮素吸收利用的差异. 中国农业科学, 2011, 39:101−109

Dong G C, Wang Y, Yu X F, Zhou J, Peng B, Li J Q, Tian H, Zhang Y, Yuan Q M, Wang Y L. Differences of nitrogen uptake and utilization of conventional rice varieties with different growth duration. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 39: 101−109 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[28]陈露. 江苏不同年代中粳稻品种对施氮量的响应及其生理机制. 扬州大学硕士学位论文, 江苏扬州, 2014

 Chen L. Response of the Mid-season Japonica Rice Cultivars Applied at Different Decades in Jiangsu to Nitrogen Rates and Its Physiological Mechanism. MS Thesis of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 2014 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[29]薛亚光, 葛立立, 王康君, 颜晓元, 尹斌, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 不同栽培模式对杂交粳稻群体质量的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 280–291

Xue Y G, Ge L L, Wang K J, Yan X Y, Yin B, Liu L J, Yang J C. Effects of different cultivation patterns on population quality of japonica hybrid rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 280–291 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[30]李鸿伟, 杨凯鹏, 曹转勤, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 稻麦连作中超高产栽培小麦和水稻的养分吸收与积累特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 464−477

Li H W, Yang K P, Cao Z Q, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Characteristics of nutrient uptake and accumulation in wheat and rice with continuous cropping under super-high-yielding cultivation. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 464−477 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[31]莫良玉, 吴良欢, 陶勤南. 高等植物GS/GOGAT循环研究进展. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2001, 7: 223−231

Mo L Y, Wu L H, Tao Q N. The development of GS/GOGAT circle in higher plant. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2001, 7: 223−231 (in Chinese)

[32]王小纯, 熊淑萍, 马新明, 张娟娟, 王志强. 不同形态氮素对专用型小麦花后氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响. 生态学报, 2005, 25: 802−807

Wang X C, Xiong S P, Ma X M, Zhang J J, Wang Z Q. Effect of different nitrogen forms on key enzyme activity involved in nitrogen metabolism and grain protein content in specialty wheat cultivars. Acta Ecol Sin, 2005, 25: 802−807 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[1] 王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450.
[2] 王旺年, 葛均筑, 杨海昌, 阴法庭, 黄太利, 蒯婕, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462.
[3] 颜佳倩, 顾逸彪, 薛张逸, 周天阳, 葛芊芊, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 顾骏飞, 杨建昌, 周振玲, 徐大勇. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475.
[4] 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487.
[5] 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[6] 李祎君, 吕厚荃. 气候变化背景下农业气象灾害对东北地区春玉米产量影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545.
[7] 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297.
[8] 闫晓宇, 郭文君, 秦都林, 王双磊, 聂军军, 赵娜, 祁杰, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽, 孙学振. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247.
[9] 柯健, 陈婷婷, 吴周, 朱铁忠, 孙杰, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 朱德泉, 武立权. 沿江双季稻北缘区晚稻适宜品种类型及高产群体特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016.
[10] 李瑞东, 尹阳阳, 宋雯雯, 武婷婷, 孙石, 韩天富, 徐彩龙, 吴存祥, 胡水秀. 增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 942-951.
[11] 王吕, 崔月贞, 吴玉红, 郝兴顺, 张春辉, 王俊义, 刘怡欣, 李小刚, 秦宇航. 绿肥稻秆协同还田下氮肥减量的增产和培肥短期效应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 952-961.
[12] 杜浩, 程玉汉, 李泰, 侯智红, 黎永力, 南海洋, 董利东, 刘宝辉, 程群. 利用Ln位点进行分子设计提高大豆单荚粒数[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 565-571.
[13] 陈云, 李思宇, 朱安, 刘昆, 张亚军, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 张伟杨, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 播种量和穗肥施氮量对优质食味直播水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 656-666.
[14] 袁嘉琦, 刘艳阳, 许轲, 李国辉, 陈天晔, 周虎毅, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 氮密处理提高迟播栽粳稻资源利用和产量[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 667-681.
[15] 丁红, 徐扬, 张冠初, 秦斐斐, 戴良香, 张智猛. 不同生育期干旱与氮肥施用对花生氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 695-703.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!